Optimal placement of omnidirectional sensors in a transportation network for effective emergency response and crash characterization

Rapid motor vehicle crash detection and characterization is possible through the use of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and sensors are an integral part of any ITS system. The major focus of this paper is on developing optimal placement of accident detecting omnidirectional sensors to maximize incident detection capabilities and provide ample opportunities for data fusion and crash characterization. Both omnidirectional sensors (placed in suitable infrastructure locations) and mobile sensors are part of our analysis. The surrogates used are acoustic sensors (omnidirectional) and Advanced Automated Crash Notification (AACN) sensors (mobile). This data fusion rich placement is achieved through a hybrid optimization model comprising of an explicit–implicit coverage model followed by an evaluation and local search optimization using simulation. The compound explicit–implicit model delivers good initial solutions and improves the detection and data fusion capabilities compared to the explicit model alone. The results of the studies conducted quantify the use of a data fusion capable environment in crash detection scenarios, and the simulation tool developed helps a decision maker evaluate sensor placement strategy.     

Autonomous vehicle perception: The technology of today and tomorrow

Perception system design is a vital step in the development of an autonomous vehicle (AV). With the vast selection of available off-the-shelf schemes and seemingly endless options of sensor systems implemented in research and commercial vehicles, it can be difficult to identify the optimal system for one’s AV application. This article presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art AV perception technology available today. It provides up-to-date information about the advantages, disadvantages, limits, and ideal applications of specific AV sensors; the most prevalent sensors in current research and commercial AVs; autonomous features currently on the market; and localization and mapping methods currently implemented in AV research. This information is useful for newcomers to the AV field to gain a greater understanding of the current AV solution landscape and to guide experienced researchers towards research areas requiring further development. Furthermore, this paper highlights future research areas and draws conclusions about the most effective methods for AV perception and its effect on localization and mapping. Topics discussed in the Perception and Automotive Sensors section focus on the sensors themselves, whereas topics discussed in the Localization and Mapping section focus on how the vehicle perceives where it is on the road, providing context for the use of the automotive sensors. By improving on current state-of-the-art perception systems, AVs will become more robust, reliable, safe, and accessible, ultimately providing greater efficiency, mobility, and safety benefits to the public.     

高分子湿度传感器湿滞和温度补偿神经网路算法研究

高分子湿度传感器的感湿特性存在湿滞环,并且传感器对温度比较敏感,需要进行湿度和温度补偿。本文构建了两个BP神经网路分别映射传感器感湿特性的升程和降成,并同时将环境温度参数作为神经网络输入的一部分,实现传感器湿滞映射和温度补偿。利用MATLAB神经网络工具箱对网络进行了离线训练和验证,结果表明该网络能够较理想地映射传感器的湿滞环,并能够达到温度补偿作用。     

基于单片机的居家安全检测报警系统的设计

本文介绍了一种基于单片机的居家安全检测报警系统,详细阐述了系统的组成结构、硬件设计和软件设计。该系统选用多种传感器采集家居信息,A/D转换处理采集信号,采用单片机作为主控制器,利用报警电路实现安全报警,GSM短信模块来发送短消息提示住户,从而实现对家居安全的监控。系统结构简单,安装调试容易、使用方便。     

Reliable sensor deployment for network traffic surveillance

New sensor technologies enable synthesis of disaggregated vehicle information from multiple locations. This paper proposes a reliable facility location model to optimize traffic surveillance benefit from synthesized sensor pairs (e.g., for travel time estimation) in addition to individual sensor flow coverage (e.g., for traffic volume statistics), while considering probabilistic sensor failures. Customized greedy and Lagrangian relaxation algorithms are proposed to solve this problem, and their performance is discussed. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms solve the problem efficiently. We also discuss managerial insights on how optimal sensor deployment and surveillance benefits vary with surveillance objective and system parameters (such as sensor failure probabilities).     

GCU-100轨道衡的可靠性设计

轨道衡的可靠性设计是轨道衡设计中的重要组成部分。文章从轨道衡可靠性预测、轨道衡电器部分设计、轨道衡衡体设计和轨道衡衡体拉杆分析几个方面论述了GCU-100轨道衡的可靠性设计。     

网络数据融合技术在MITS中的应用研究

探讨了基于传感器网络的数据融合技术在海事智能交通系统(MITS)中的应用问题,为该领域的进一步研究提供一些有价值的思路和见解。基于目前研究遇到的困境,提出将MITS抽象成一个无线传感器网络(WSN),从而可在WSN环境下引入数据融合技术来研究海事智能交通系统中的各种信息处理问题,如船舶的定位与导航以及避碰等;紧接着,总结了现有定位、导航、避碰和船舶安全管理技术研究的现状并分析了存在的主要问题;针对基于GPS的MITS存在的种种弊端,结合各国卫星定位导航系统的建设现状,提出利用MITS内其它元素的信息和多源信息融合技术来实现船舶的相对定位和导航这一新思路;最后,从网络数据融合技术角度出发,具体指出了MITS网络融合系统构建时所必须考虑的一些基本问题,并给出该融合系统的一般性框架。     

磁测式船舶姿态自动测量装置研究

利用三维磁传感器直接敏感在同状态下两个不同坐标系中的船舶综合磁场三维磁感应强度,研制了出一种新型的船舶姿态实时测量系统,并对该系统的测量原理,误差分析,校正原理与方法等作了较全面的论述。     

25Hz相敏轨道电路自动调压系统研究

根据铁路现场对轨道电路检修要求和《铁路信号维修规则技术标准I》中对25Hz相敏轨道电路轨道电压的规定,总结出铁路现场对自动调压系统的需求,并结合目前单片机和传感器技术的发展,对25Hz相敏轨道电路自动调压系统进行了研究。     

铁路沿线线性无线传感器网络路由协议研究

针对铁路沿线环境监测对象种类繁多、位置分散的特点,设计一种无线传感器网络用于将传感器采集信息传输至监测中心,该无线传感器网络由传感器节点、轨边汇聚节点、机房汇聚节点及中继节点组成,重点研究提出轨边汇聚节点与机房汇聚节点之间线性无线传感器网络路由协议。鉴于铁路沿线传感器节点采集信息的重要程度不同,该路由协议根据信息重要程度对数据包进行优先级排序。综合考虑网络寿命和信息重要程度,以网络生命周期内传输数据包数量最大化为目标,建立数据包转发模型和数据包排队模型。在网络能耗均衡的前提下,采用减少优先级高的数据包的转发次数和减少优先级高的数据包在轨边汇聚节点的排队时延两种方式,减少优先级高的数据包的总传输时延。仿真结果表明,该路由协议可以显著减少高优先级数据包的传输时延,均衡使用网络能量,最大化网络寿命。