关于推动我国船舶应急响应服务(ERS)的探讨

本文介绍了ERS的基本涵义,描述了我国主管机关在推进ERS过程中履行的职责和开展的工作内容,提出了解决问题和开展长期合作的建议。     

Spectral entropy analysis of different alpha band rhythms in relation to hand motor imagery

The event-related desynchronization/synchronization(ERD/ERS) time courses of lower and upper alpha band rhythms during hand motor imagery are investigated respectively by Fourier Sectral Entropy (FSE) in this paper. By analyzing one group of BCI competition data, it was found that FSE within upper alpha band displays a pronounced increase and decrease over contralateral and ipsilaterai brain areas respectively at the onset of hand motor imagery, which is corresponding to the antagonistic ERD/ERS patterns in previous studies. Different from the upper alpha activity pattern, FSE within lower alpha band displays a consistent increase over both two hemispheres hand representative areas. The preliminary results show that FSE could disclose the different behaviors of the upper and lower alpha band rhythms so that a new idea with the complexity measure is provided to characterize functional dissociation of lower and upper frequency alpha rhythms in relation to hand motor imagery.     

ERS铺装对钢桥面板疲劳性能的影响及参数分析

为了研究树脂沥青组合铺装体系(ERS)对正交异性钢桥面板疲劳性能的影响,以宜昌伍家岗长江大桥为工程背景,采用ANSYS软件分别建立有、无铺装层的钢桥面板足尺节段有限元模型,针对不同温度条件下铺装层对钢桥面板疲劳性能的影响作用进行系统研究。结果表明:考虑铺装层与钢桥面板的协同受力之后,U肋与顶板焊接细节4个疲劳易损部位的应力幅值均显著降低;ERS铺装层温度对U肋与顶板焊接细节的疲劳性能具有显著影响,其中对顶板内侧和外侧焊趾的影响最为显著,相对于不考虑铺装层的情况,在铺装层温度为55℃时顶板内侧和外侧焊趾的等效应力幅值分别降低49.8%和46.9%,而在铺装层温度为5℃时其等效应力幅值分别降低81.3%和88.1%;增加RA10层和SMA-13层的设计厚度均可降低U肋与顶板焊接细节的等效应力幅值,RA10层厚度参数对于钢桥面板疲劳性能的影响更加显著;为准确评估钢桥面板的疲劳性能,建议考虑ERS桥面铺装层温度以及厚度的影响。     

Modeling travel mode choice of young people with differentiated E-hailing ride services in Nanjing China

E-hailing ride service (ERS) has become increasingly popular globally and is changing the urban mobility landscape. There is insufficient research effort in understanding the impact of ERS on travel behavior, in particular among young people. This paper aims to start filling that research gap by first collecting mode choice preference data through a stated preference survey in City of Nanjing, China and then applying nested logit (NL) models and a series of post-estimation analysis to address a number of key research questions of mode choice behavior without and with ERS. Three ERS modes are considered in the Chinese context: DiDi Taxi (D-Taxi), DiDi Express (D-Express), and DiDi Premier (D-Premier), all provided by DiDi Chuxing, the dominant ERS service provider in China. The study finds that age makes little difference in mode choice preference when ERS is introduced between the two age groups considered (18–30 and 31–45). The study results also suggest that young travelers are naturally drawn to ERS for what it represents (a technology innovation) and its business (pricing) model. ERS appears to be a competitive alternative to the conventional modes especially when they are under performed. The study also finds that ERS will likely increase vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) considerably, which will lead to increase in on-road vehicular emissions, unless some mechanism to switch users to ridesharing is in place.     

船舶应急响应服务及其使用

中国交通部最近发出通知,要求中国国际航行的客船、客滚船、5,000载重吨及以上的液货船、船长90米及以上的散货船、船长150米及以上的普通货船应在2009年7月1日前满足ERS要求。文中介绍了ERS（船舶应急响应服务）产生的背景、实施的法律依据,并对ERS的概念以及如何加入和使用ERS作了较为详细的介绍。