Research progress and application of computational method for hydrodynamic noise from air-water interface北大核心CSCD

含水气界面水动力噪声是船海工程结构物经常遇到的一类典型重要噪声,具有机理复杂、声源形式多样、传播影响因素众多等特点。含水气界面水动力噪声与自由面相互作用,受空化、水气泡混合流等影响,对舰船的隐蔽性造成很多负面影响,具有重要的研究意义。分别从自由面噪声、空化噪声和水气泡混合流噪声3个方面进行介绍,并阐述相应噪声的计算方法以及在噪声计算时需要考虑的关键问题和目前所采用的解决方案。最后,展望未来的研究发展方向。     

某空压机共振故障的诊断与处理

船用设备共振状态的判断对故障诊断与处理十分重要。某空压机横向振动剧烈,为判断其是否处于共振状态,文章首先通过敲击法获得强噪声背景下的冲击响应信号,采取分时段频谱分析的方法粗略估计固有频率。然后,分别采用带通滤波和小波降噪的方法处理含噪信号,确定了系统横向一阶和二阶固有频率。其中,二阶固有频率与转频接近,从而导致共振故障。最后,采取更换隔振器的处理措施,系统横向固有频率增大70%,振动降低54.6%。     

船舶空调风系统噪声源测试与分析

文章介绍了船舶空调风系统各类噪声源,分析了各自对系统的主要影响,并对空调器噪声进行实验测试,对比分析空调器各类噪声测试结果,最后给出结果的应用分析。     

海洋核动力平台全频段舱室噪声预报与降噪方案研究

随着新规范对船舶及海上工作平台提出了更高要求，舱室噪声的控制及优化设计越来越受到人们的关注。本文首先对全频段舱室噪声预报软件——VA One软件统计能量分析理论及软件概况进行了阐述，其次应用该软件对海洋核动力平台进行几何建模与仿真计算。通过对舱室仿真计算结果与标准指标要求的对比分析，在设计阶段提出了海洋核动力平台舱室空气噪声综合治理降噪方案，该措施可以缩短建造周期、降低制造成本，提高海洋核动力平台的舒适性与安全性，具有十分重要的经济效益和社会效益。     

低噪声船用布风器性能测试及分析

船舶的各个零部件都能造成噪声,在当今船舶技术的发展中,低噪声成为研究的新领域。舒适度这一问题亟待解决。本文主要通过测试,分析船舶空调末端装置布风器噪声、消声性能、风量控制精度、压力无关、静压损失、风量测量精度等方面的特性。结果表明：变风量型布风器风量控制精度高、测量精度高、静压损失小、噪声和消声性能以及压力无关特性均符合标准。     

柴油机增压器包覆层隔声性能试验分析及优化设计

提出一种船用增压器的包覆层结构,其内层为绝热材料和吸声材料,外层为金属薄片。采用统计能量法(SEA)建立该结构的中高频段隔声数值模型,开展包覆层的隔声试验,隔声量实测值与仿真结果吻合较好,能验证数值建模的有效性。对包覆层的吸声材料的厚度、密度和流阻等参数进行优化设计,利用正交试验法设计数值试验组,采用极差和方差分析法分析影响材料隔声性能的关键因素,得出最重要的影响因素是材料厚度,在选型设计中还应考虑密度和流阻因素。当安装厚度受限时,可通过改变密度和流阻值来提高材料的隔声量。     

船舶齿轮传动装置箱体振动噪声 分析与控制研究进展

箱体作为船舶齿轮传动装置的重要组成部分,在工作过程中由于齿轮系统的激励会产生振动噪声,不仅影响船舱的舒适性,还会对船舶的安全造成威胁。针对船舶齿轮箱尺寸大、结构复杂、安装形式多样的特点,文章从振动噪声的分析方法和控制措施两方面总结了国内外近年来的研究进展。在分析方法方面,对比了采用齿轮系统-箱体全有限元模型进行振动分析与采用齿轮系统集中质量模型和箱体有限元模型进行振动分析的优缺点,评述了有限元法、边界元法、统计能量法、中频混合法等方法的特点及研究进展,总结了计入安装特征影响的方法。在控制措施方面,介绍了以降低振动噪声为目标指导齿轮箱结构改进的方法,总结了确定阻尼材料敷设位置、方式及厚度的方法。最后讨论了需要进一步研究的问题。     

电机冷却风机振动与噪声的控制措施及效果研究

为了降低冷却机对电机振动噪声的影响,用分析与试验结合的方式,找到了从辐射与传递途径上对电机振动与噪声进行控制的方法,并在电机样机上进行了试验,试验结果证明控制措施十分有效。     

A combined assessment of air and noise pollution on the High Line,New York City

The High Line is an elevated public park in New York City, transformed from an unused freight rail line. Pedestrians walking through Manhattan’s West Side can walk either on the High Line or on a footpath below. Using Manhattan as a laboratory, this paper offers a combined assessment of noise and particulate matter pollution for its pedestrians. Noise and PM_2.5 levels were recorded simultaneously for two cases (i) pedestrians walking on a footpath alongside road traffic and (ii) pedestrians walking on the elevated High Line. Testing took places over three days in autumn 2014. Results were analysed to investigate if pedestrians using the High Line would have a lower pollution exposure to those using the footpath below. Results showed statistically significant differences between the upper and lower levels in exposure to both pollution types. In order to quantify the overall impact, results are expressed through a combined air–noise pollution index. This index indicates that the average reduction in PM_2.5 and noise pollution along the High Line compared to the footpath below is approximately 37%.     

Tyre/road noise damping characteristics using nomographs and fundamental vibroacoustical relationships

Several studies have successfully developed laboratory and field measurement techniques to estimate tyre/road noise damping characteristics. However, laboratory–field noise correlations of pavement types in the form of nomographs is essential to cognize the pavements’ acoustical properties from a practical perspective. A toolkit that readily provides field tyre/road noise intensity of different pavement materials is needed. Thus, the main objective of this study was to develop nomographs with relationships for tyre/road noise versus pavement materials’ viscoelastic–vibroacoustical properties. Isothermal and isochronal nomographs of phase angle–tyre/road noise as toolkits were developed based upon well-established phase angle and noise intensities typical of mixtures, making the nomograph correlations very authentic, realistic, and novel along with benefit to predict tyre/road noise at any desired temperature and traffic speed (or frequency) combination. This study is envisaged to benefit in the discernment of road materials’ damping capabilities from vibroacoustical and field noise–viscoelastic relation aspects.