利用残余力概念进行结构损伤识别

提出一种利用残余力进行结构损伤识别方法。用刚度损伤系数将有限元模型参数化来描述结构的损伤。用特征值和特征向量预测算法构造目标函数,利用两点交叉算子的二进制代码的遗传算法反复迭代优化刚度损伤系数,获得待测结构的损伤系数、损伤位置与损伤程度的信息。通过一个平面桁架对该方法进行验证,结果表明:利用残余力概念进行损伤识别所得结构的损伤系数与理论值很接近。该方法能够较准确地判断结构的损伤位置和损伤程度。     

基于结构疲劳动态可靠性分析的船舶结构概率损伤容限设计

本文根据结构可靠性理论，提出了一种基于结构疲劳动态可靠性分析的损伤容限分析方法，给出结构疲劳裂纹随机扩展过程中疲劳寿命分布和结构疲劳可靠性的表达式。在给定与疲劳寿命有关的各参数条件下求得动态可靠性曲线，从而在结构设计中根据可靠性要求确定或选择设计参数。     

半金属摩擦材料与灰铸铁滑动摩擦的磨屑成分分析

采用X射线衍射仪和能谱分析系统，对3种金属纤维增强半金属摩擦材料与灰铸铁在不同温度时发生滑动摩擦后的磨屑成分进行了分析，并结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察到的摩擦材料表面形貌，分析了材料的磨损特性和机理。分析结果表明，含钢纤维材料Fe原子浓度达50％～60％，Cu、Ba、Ca、Al等元素的原子浓度在6％～10％；含黄铜纤维与紫铜纤维的材料副磨屑中，二者Fe原子浓度均较高，但其它元素的原子浓度为紫铜低于黄铜；紫铜材料体系的结合程度比黄铜好，填料不易脱落，但对对偶损伤稍大。     

广佛高速公路半刚性基层沥青路面破损原因分析

半刚性基层沥青路面已在多年的使用中发现许多有待克服的病害,其中最显著的病害是疲劳破坏。广佛高速公路为我国第一批半刚性基层沥青路面,也为广东省第一条进入大修阶段的高速公路。本文结合该路的历史与路况,对路面的破损原因及对路面处治方法进行分析论述。     

路基原状黄土细观结构损伤规律的CT检测分析

利用可同步进行CT扫描的三轴仪,对路基原状黄土进行了三轴剪切试验,从CT数和CT图像两方面分析了不同受力过程中黄土细观结构的变化。结果表明,随着压力增大,土体中的大孔隙逐渐闭合,试样平均密度在增大;当土颗粒产生剪切位移时,土样发生剪胀,土体的原始结构完全被破坏。     

一种新的沥青混合料疲劳性能评价方法

根据Lemaitre应变等效假设,定义沥青混合料疲劳损伤参量,并在分析沥青混合料疲劳损伤过程的基础上,定义新的疲劳破坏标准。然后通过三分点小梁弯曲疲劳试验建立基于损伤理论的沥青混合料疲劳性能评价方法。重合性检验表明,该损伤疲劳模型与荷载控制模式无关,从而可以更合理的评价混合料疲劳性能。     

应用线弹性疲劳损伤理论的沥青路面轴载换算

应用疲劳损伤力学基本原理,探讨了适用于沥青路面轴载换算的新方法,并对该方法拟合的公式与规范按弯沉等效推荐的当量轴载换算公式进行了比较。计算结果表明在进行沥青路面轴载换算时,采用不同的等效换算原理,将导致非标准轴载与标准轴载当量换算系数上的不同,前者较后者大。这种差异一方面直接影响沥青路面的结构厚度设计,对设计年限内累计当量标准轴载作用次数的低估,必然导致沥青路面早期破损现象的发生;另一方面揭示弯沉等效表征的是路面结构的瞬间刚度性质,代替不了路面结构的长期疲劳强度特性。     

赣江大桥公路桥病害检测与安全评估

首先对赣江大桥公路桥进行病害调查,评定全桥各部位损伤状态。根据评定结果,再对材料退化、结构损伤与受力性能进行实桥测试。应用断裂力学方法,采用观测和超声波探测方法确定初始裂纹尺寸,通过裂纹扩展模拟得出临界杆件的剩余寿命。综合实测数据与理论分析,评估该桥使用安全性和剩余寿命,并建议维护加固措施。     

Time-variant bulk carrier reliability analysis in pure bending intact and damage conditions

Time-variant reliability analysis of a corroded bulk carrier in intact and damage conditions is performed by First-Order (FORM), Second-Order (SORM) Reliability Methods and Importance Sampling simulation. Annual failure probabilities are determined up to 25-year ship lifetime, accounting for time-variant corrosion wastage of structural members contributing to hull girder strength. Statistical properties of hull girder capacity are determined by Monte Carlo simulation, applying three correlation models among corrosion wastages of structural members contributing to hull girder strength, namely no correlation, full correlation and full correlation among wastages of structural members belonging to the same category of compartments. A modified incremental-iterative method is applied, to account for instantaneous neutral axis rotation, in case of asymmetrical damage conditions, as for collision and grounding events. Incidence of intact/damage condition, as well as correlation among corrosion wastages, on annual sagging/hogging time-variant failure probability is investigated and discussed. Time-variant sensitivity analyses for intact and damage conditions are also performed, to investigate the incidence of random variables' uncertainties on the attained failure probability. Finally, the bulk carrier section scheme, benchmarked in the last ISSC Report, is applied as test case.     

Detection of nonlinearity effects in structural integrity monitoring methods for offshore jacket-type structures based on principal component analysis

The detection of changes in the dynamic behavior of structures is an important issue in structural safety assessment. The development of detection methods assumes greater significance in the case of offshore platforms because the inherent problems are compounded by the harsh environment. Here, we describe an instrumented physical model for the structural health monitoring of an offshore jacket-type structure and the results of tests in several different damage scenarios. In a comparative investigation of two different methods, we discuss the difficulties of implementing damage detection techniques for complex structures, such as offshore platforms. The combined algorithm of a fuzzy logic system and a model updating method are briefly discussed, and a method based on stochastic autoregressive moving average with exogenous input is adopted for the structure. The consideration of uncertainties and the effects of nonlinearity were major objectives. So, the methods were also investigated based on the test scenarios consisting of the physical model with a geometric nonlinearity. The principal component analysis method was utilized for the detection of nonlinearity in the recorded data. The results show that the developed methods are suitable for damage classification, but the quality of the acquired signals must be considered an important factor influencing successful classification. The development of these methods may be extremely useful, as such technologies could be applied for offshore platforms in service, enabling damage detection with fewer false alarms.