Green walking networks for climate change adaptation

Climate change (CC) potentially affects people travel behaviour, due to extreme weather conditions. This is particularly true for pedestrians, that are more exposed to weather conditions. Introducing the effect of this change in transport modelling allows to analyse and plan walking networks taking into consideration the climatic variable. The aim of this work is to develop a tool that can support planning and design of walking networks, by assessing the effects of actions oriented to increase resilience with respect to extreme weather conditions (CC adaptation).An integrated approach is used, thus combining transport and land-use planning concepts with elements of outdoor thermal comfort and network accessibility. Walking networks are analysed through centrality indexes, including thermal comfort aspects into a general cost function of links and weighted nodes. The method has been applied to the walking network inside the Campus of the University of Catania (Italy), which includes different functions and where pedestrian paths are barely used by people. Results confirm that this tool is sensitive to the variables representing weather conditions and it can measure the influence of CC adaptation measures (e.g. vegetation) on walking attitude and on the performance of the walking network.     

The pros and cons of Intelligent Speed Adaptation as a restrictive measure for serious speed offenders

In 2011 in the Netherlands a field operational test was performed to investigate the possibility of using restrictive Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) as a penalty system for serious speed offenders. This paper presents the overall results of the research focusing on the pros and cons of the use of ISA as a restrictive measure for serious speed offenders, and on the preconditions for deployment. The results showed that the ISA systems tested have a huge effect on driver behavior and have the potential to improve road safety by reducing the level of speeding, mean speed, as well as the standard deviation of speed. However, there are also cons: the behavioral change in driving behavior was only temporary. In addition the tested technology proved too easy to override, raised issues of equity, and a substantial back office is required when implementing the system for serious speed offenders.     

跨洋流动、地方适应与中国联结——毛里求斯华人社团与社会探析

基于田野调查与文献研究,从华人社团组织与社会发展的角度,可见毛里求斯华人的跨洋流动、文化适应与地方化进程,而华人社团的历史变迁,见证了毛里求斯华人跨洋寻求发展的历程。毛里求斯华人社团活动与社会关系的交织重叠,乃华人社会与文化延续的内在动力,同时也为当地华人提供了更为广泛的公共空间。随着中国的崛起,加之毛里求斯作为中非之间人、物流动"中转站"的特殊地理区位,更使两国之间的经济、文化交流在全球时代日趋频繁,并对毛里求斯的华人社团乃至地方社会产生了更进一步的影响。     

Performance of Adaptive Web Server with QoS Pre-estimate

The heterogeneity in the communicating terminals needs to be handled through software-supported adaptation. A QoS （quality of service） pre-estimation for user admission control and system load control is proposed. In the QoS pre-estimation, the content quality and wait time characteristics are combined together. The feedback control that acts as an adjuster of the input parameters of the pre-estimate module to improve the estimate accuracy is also described in detail. Test results show that the service quality control mechanism is effective, and the system capacity can be improved.     

归化还是异化——谈语言文化的发展与翻译的未来走势

分析翻译与语言、文化之间的关系,指出社会在发展,与社会有着密切联系的语言和文化也随之发生变化。在当今大量的语言翻译实践中,可以看到,在目的语中更多地体现源语言、或更多地体现源语言与目的语的不同,正日益成为一种时尚。     

改进差分进化算法在舰船电力系统网络重构中的应用

针对舰船电力系统的网络重构,建立了以负载恢复量、开关操作数和发电机效率均衡为多优化目标的舰船电力系统故障恢复模型,提出了一种带自适应离散断点算子和动态变异、交叉因子的改进离散差分进化算法进行求解。改进后的算法能有效地提高收敛速度,并克服传统差分进化算法收敛精度不高、易陷入局部最优的问题。舰船电力系统网络故障恢复算例表明,该方法能获得更好的系统重构方案,并具有较好的优化性能。     

我国国际邮轮乘务员跨文化适应问题探讨

我国邮轮旅游业快速发展,越来越多的中国籍邮轮乘务员出现在各大国际邮轮。国际邮轮是一个国际化的社区,邮轮乘务员的工作和生活呈现国际化特色,这些对我国国际乘务员跨文化适应能力提出了很大挑战。本文结合在丽星和歌诗达邮轮上工作的11名中国籍邮轮乘务的工作和生活经历,阐述了我国国际邮轮乘务员跨文化适应能力的主要影响因素和跨文化适应的后续问题。     

Perspectives of the Expert and Experienced on Challenges to Regional Adaptation for Sea Level Rise: Implications for Multisectoral Readiness and Boundary Spanning

This study focuses on adaptation to sea level rise (SLR) in the specific context of the Hampton Roads region of southeastern coastal Virginia. It analyzes the perspectives of stakeholders who are experts in and have experience with SLR to develop an informed understanding of the region’s ability to address SLR and its readiness to pursue adaptation using a whole-of-community approach. A survey of the expert and experienced reveals (1) what they prioritized as the top three most challenging phases of regional adaptation and (2) what issues within those priority areas were the most pressing. Our findings point to the importance of meso- and micro-level boundary spanning across organizations and the whole of the community to ensure that multiple organizations and individuals in a region can be engaged in adaptation. Finally, this work briefly discusses how boundary-spanning approaches can provide a region a pathway toward overcoming barriers to effective climate-related adaptation.     

复合乳化沥青的研制

强碱性石料与阳离子乳化沥青的配伍性差是我省稀浆封层技术推广应用中亟待解决的问题。在分析石料与乳化沥青作用机理的基础上,根据石料的化学成份和乳化沥青的电荷性质,采用阴离子、非离子乳化剂复合的技术路线研制新型乳化沥青,较好地解决了辽西地区强碱性石料与阳离子乳化沥青配伍性差的问题。     

State-of-the-practice assessment of climate change adaptation practices across metropolitan planning organizations pre- and post-Hurricane Sandy

Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) throughout the United States are identifying goals and implementation strategies to reduce the impacts of climate change through transportation adaptation initiatives. Using vulnerability assessments as well as adaptation practices that support mitigation, MPOs are beginning to integrate climate change planning into the long range planning process. Evaluating the state-of-the-practice of adaptation planning and adaptation in support of mitigation is useful in that it helps identify gaps and areas of improvement. Therefore, this research investigates the state-of-the-practice of MPO adaptation planning using the Mid-Atlantic region as a case study. Surveys, administered in 2012 and 2014, are used to identify the level of progress of MPOs with regard to climate change adaptation practices as well as barriers before and after Hurricane Sandy. A cross-sectional analysis using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) maps the results of the surveys and spatially compares regional trends. The results of the case study suggest growing interest in adaptation efforts such as floodplain area designations and efforts to enhance coordination and collaboration as transportation jurisdictions respond to the potential climate change impacts. In addition, MPOs with dense, smaller geographic areas prioritize inter-jurisdictional collaboration as high, suggesting that they are more reliant on other agencies to maintain inter-connectivity of transportation networks and further implement adaptation planning practices.