基于供应链思想的第四代港口概念特征及发展策略研究

与第一、二、三代港口不同，第四代港口从强调自己是一个“物流中心”，转变为强调是供应链中的一个环节，为此，有必要研究基于供应链管理思想的第四代港口的若干问题。在给出具有供应链管理特征的第四代港口的定义的基础上，提出了港口与供应链关系的演进模型，指出港口与供应链关系发展经历了分离（即相互独立）、整合（即形成港口物流服务链，为制造业供应链提供高效的增值服务）和嵌入（即港口被嵌入到制造业供应链中）三个阶段。应对供应链管理的要求，第四代港口应具有与前三代港口不同的差异化、精益化和敏捷化特征。基于上述分析，第四代港口的发展策略应为，主动整合并构建自身的供应链和与供应链核心企业联合等。

Studies on the Concepts,Features and Development Strategy of the Fourth Generation Port Based on Supply Chain Thoughts

Different from the first, second and third generation port, the fourth generation port changes from emphasizing itself a ＂logistic center＂ to one of the links in the supply chain. Therefore, further studies about the fourth-generation port based on the supply chain management ideas are necessary. Based on the definition of the fourth generation port with the feature of a supply chain management, the evolving model of the relationship between port and supply chain is put forward, pointing out that relationship has experienced three stages： separation （independent of each other）, integration （the formation of the port logistics service chain providing high value-added services for manufacturing） and embedding （the port embedded in the manufacturing supply chain）.The characteristics of the fourth generation port should be different, lean and agile which are distinctive from the former three generation ports to the requirements of the supply chain management. Based on the above-mentioned analysis, the development strategies of the fourth generation port should be forwardly integrate and construct its own supply chain, and cooperate with the core enterprises of supply chain.