The role of attitude structures,direct experience and reframing for the success of congestion pricing |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Transport Studies, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;2. Strome College of Business, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore;1. Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden;2. School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden;3. Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden;1. Department of Applied Economics Analysis. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;2. Department of Transport Engineering and Logistics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Campus San Joaquín, Vicuña Mackenna, Macul, 4860 Santiago, Chile;3. International Business School Suzhou (IBSS), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111, Ren’ai Rd, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu Province 215123, PR China;1. CTS, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden;2. CTS, Sweco, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Congestion pricing was introduced in Stockholm in 2006, first as a trial followed by a referendum, and permanently from 2007. Public attitudes to the charges became more negative during the period from the decision to the start of the system. Once the trial started, public attitudes became dramatically more positive over the following years, going from 2/3 against the charges to more than 2/3 in favor of the charges. Self-reported changes in behavior and attitudes considerably underestimate actual changes: about 3/4 of the decrease in car trips and more than half of the change in attitudes seem to have gone unnoticed by respondents, ex post. Self-interest and belief in the charges’ effectiveness strongly affect attitudes at any given point in time, but can only explain a minor part of the change in attitudes. I suggest that the debate and the shift in attitudes can be understood as a public and political reframing of the congestion charges over time. |
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| Keywords: | Congestion pricing Congestion charges Acceptability Attitudes Experience Framing |
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