弹性工作制和动态停车收费组合策略研究

提出弹性工作制与动态停车收费的组合管理策略，探究组合策略下，出行分布的变化机理及动态停车收费费率的制定，以达到缓解通勤拥堵的目的. 构建双层规划模型建立动态停车收费费率的制定与多用户出行选择的相互作用关系，基于灵敏度分析的下降算法求解. 仿真模拟出不同弹性工作制规模时，均衡状态下多用户出行分布模式和优化的动态收费费率. 结果表明，组合策略能促使弹性与非弹性员工错峰出行，有效分散交通流，与单一策略相比，缓解路网拥堵的效果更好.研究成果为交通管理优化策略的制定提供了新思路.

Combined Flexible Working Arrangements and Time-dependent Parking Charges

A combined strategy, flexible working arrangement (FWA) and time-dependent parking charges (TPC), is proposed to alleviate traffic congestion. The departure patterns and optimal parking charges are investigated with the combined strategy.A bi-level programming model is established to optimize the parking charges dynamically constrained to the dynamic user equilibrium. A gradient descent algorithm based on a sensitivity analysis is developed to solve the bi-level problem. The multi-user departure patterns and the optimal dynamic parking charges under different flexible user scales are demonstrated by a simulation approach. The results show that there are obvious staggered departures between flexible and non- flexible users. There is significant interacting effects between the two strategies, which yields better effects on congestion alleviation than implementing a single one separately. This study is expected to provide a new solution method for the traffic management optimization.