外加电流阴极保护（I．C．C．P）系统在船舶的应用——浅析I．C．C．P的日常管理

当船舶航行时,水与船体表面发生摩擦而产生一种阻止船舶前进的力,称为摩擦阻力。在船舶的水阻力中,一般低速船舶的摩擦阻力约占总阻力的80％,高速船舶的摩擦阻力约占总阻力的40％。而摩擦阻力会随着船体表面逐渐附着一些海生物和受到腐蚀使粗糙度增加而增大船体阻力。     

基于“育鲲”轮探究营运船舶碳排放对策

目前,船舶碳排放问题逐渐引起各方重视。为在实践中探究降低营运船舶碳排放的措施,以大连海事大学实习船"育鲲"轮为研究对象,从航线设计、航速、船舶转向操纵、船体保养和维护等方面进行实验和分析,探究出营运船舶碳排放对策。结果表明,优化航线、优化航速、小角度转向操纵、良好的船体保养和维护都可以起到降低船舶碳排放的效果,为船员提供了降低船舶碳排放操作规范的理论支持和实践指导。     

“大庆19号”油船改造方案的探讨

作者通过船舶实际情况调查、设计方案拟订、主要施工方案安排和营运经济分析,对“大庆19号”油船提出了更换并放大中部货油舱区域船体的改造方案。鉴于该方案的投资收益大,船舶营运经济性好,工艺亦不难,建议试行本项改造方案。     

船体结构性缺陷的成因

船体在营运过程中所产生的结构性缺陷是不可避免的,而其中的某些缺陷可能产生危险的后果,使船体可靠性降低、船舶营运性能变坏,甚至导致事故发生,严重威胁自身及他船的航行安全。全面分析了解船体结构性缺陷的成因,采取必要措施及早发现并避免因船体技术状况恶劣而威胁船舶的航行安全,是我们海事监督管理工作的重要内容。     

大型船舶在限制性航道航行时的航行阻力及减阻对策

为使大型船舶在限制性航道航行时达到较为理想的节能减排效果,根据船舶在航道中的水动力水池试验与数值模拟试验结果,结合船舶在限制性航道的水动力特点,分析船舶航行阻力的成因和分类,提出降低船体表面粗糙度、采用合理航速、采用纵倾优化技术等易于施行的减阻对策。     

船体涂料应用的经济方法

日本油脂公司(NOF)在发展“Clean-B”系列船体涂料的规划时,首先着眼于研究船体上那些产生最大摩擦阻力的区域。按照该公司的观点,艏部区域的粗糙度产生的摩擦阻力要占总摩擦阻力的40%左右。对于新建船舶,这个问题可采用重防蚀长效涂料和自抛光防污涂料来解决。然而对于未采用重防蚀涂料系统的已投入营运的船舶,     

基于Supramax型散货船北极航道运营经济性模糊综合评判

本文以一艘Supramax型散货船为模型,结合北极航道船舶通航限制,从规范设计角度入手,设计了B级和B1级两种冰区加强下的船体结构,连同非冰区加强型结构一起,就船体结构重量、造价、航运费用、营运收入等主要经济性指标进行模糊综合评判,并对最终的结果进行分析,为船舶北极航道运营提供参考依据。     

Supramax型散货船北极航道的运营经济性模糊综合评判

以一艘Supramax型散货船为模型,结合北极航道船舶通航限制,从规范设计角度入手,设计了B级和B1级2种冰区加强下的船体结构,连同非冰区加强型结构一起,就船体结构质量、造价、航运费用和营运收入等主要经济性指标进行模糊综合评判,并对最终的结果进行分析,为船舶北极航道运营提供参考依据。     

船舶营运中船体结构的维护

近年来,随着船舶逐渐向高速化、大型化的方向发展,尤其是大型的集装箱船、散装船及油船等都投入了营运工作,同时随着船舶服役时间的增长,当前船体强度问题已经成为高度重视的问题。根据加拿大运输安全委员会对船体结构损害所导致结构的事故统计,从1995-2004年所发生的事故中占总数的8%。对此,消除因船体结构所造成的海事,船员必须重视重船体结构强度的重要性,力求做好船舶的维护和保养工作,以确保船舶的营运安全。     

基于CATIA的船舶主船体造型特征建模研究

为维护主船体的航行稳定水平,实现对船舶安全营运环境的合理保护,提出基于CATIA的船舶主船体造型特征建模方法。针对关键性二次开发技术,进行船体主要造型结构的设计,实现CATIA船舶模块的研究及二次开发。在此基础上,确定船舶主船体的稳性能力,通过提取既定型值的方式,计算得到准确的大倾角数值,实现基于CATIA的船舶主船体造型特征模型的顺利应用。对比实验结果表明,与传统三维建模手段相比,CATIA技术支持下船舶特征建模方法的CSA重构系数值更大,能够较好地维护主船体的航行稳定能力,满足合理保护船舶安全营运环境的实际应用初衷。     

辽东湾北部浅水区海冰对航行的影响及对策

辽东湾北部浅水区有许多石油开发区块,由于水浅有冰等因素,使在现有的破冰船和冰区航行技术条件下的航行十分困难。分沿岸冻结区、滩涂堆积区和流冰区等不同区带讨论辽东湾北部海冰存在特征以及海冰对航行的影响,并根据海冰存在特点和海域工程的具体特性提出相应的对策。     

The impact of port operations on efficient ship operation from both economic and environmental perspectives

Recently, shipping lines have focused on efficient ship operation, which relates to energy efficiency issues in shipping and, particularly, to operational issues such that the minimisation of fuel consumption and resulting greenhouse gas emissions. Efficient ship operation in container lines is closely related to the ship’s time at sea and ship’s time in port. Reduction in port time, thanks to high-quality port operations, allows improvement in the operational efficiency of a liner service by reducing the fuel consumption of a ship at sea and its resulting CO₂ emissions. The main goal of this article is to investigate how time in port affects efficient ship operation in terms of operating costs, CO₂ emissions and externalities. For this, as a methodology, a simulation based upon system dynamics is introduced. Major finding is that less time in port resulting from the improvement of port operations contributes to efficient ship operation in terms of operating costs, amount of CO₂ emissions and external effects in the liner shipping industry. In particular, a sensitivity analysis on efficient ship operation vis-à-vis the quality of port operation shows that bigger ships need to select highly productive calling ports that provide less time in port.     

论海运单及其应用

通过对提单的分折，说明提单已不能完全适应现代海运的需要，并论述海运单在现代海运中的必要性、可行性及其具体应用，以期对承运人和货方都带来利益。     

Examining quick delivery at an affordable cost by the NSR/SCR-combined shipping in the age of Mega-ships

ABSTRACT

The Mega-ships, the maximum containerships represented by 20,000TEU-class (LOA:400m, Breadth: 60m, Draft: 16m) which are able to transit both the Malacca Strait and the Suez Canal, have emerged in 2013, aiming at lower shipping cost by economy of scale. At the same time, they inevitably increased port calls in a rotation to collect more cargo demand, resulting in the longer transit time than ever before. Taking this trend into account, the authors proposed the quick delivery scenario between East Asia and Northwest Europe by the NSR (Northern Sea Route)/SCR (Suez Canal Route)-combined shipping, of which 4,000 TEU ice-class containership transits the NSR during the summer season and the SCR in the wintertime, based on a year-round scheduled operation. The quick delivery scenario gives the shorter transit time at an affordable shipping cost depending on the NSR navigable season length. However, the quick delivery scenario cannot avoid uncertainties in navigation especially via the NSR in the summer season, due to rough weather, sea ice, low visibility and icing in the icy water section of the NSR. The authors preliminarily concluded that a year-round scheduled operation of the NSR/SCR-combined shipping will be secured, if the practical navigation schedule is appropriately prepared.     

试述"萨拉姆98"轮海难给航运(海事)带来的种种警示

详细介绍了“萨拉姆98”轮海难的经过及失事原因。并结合相关国际公约和国内海事管理法规,分析了这起海难给航运(海事)带来的种种警示。     

谈谈原木海上运输

海上原木的运输有其特殊性,笔者对运输原木操作要求和注意事项进行阐述,以求最大程度降低原木运输的风险。     

Economic feasibility of an NSR/SCR-combined container service on the Asia-Europe lane: a new approach dynamically considering sea ice extent

The trend towards global warming and the rapid decline in the extent of summer Arctic sea ice over recent years has increased the feasibility of international Arctic shipping. In this study we propose a seasonal NSR (North Sea Route)/SCR (Suez Canal Route)-combined shipping service linking Shanghai and Rotterdam, using the Northern Sea Route during the economical navigable window but using the traditional Suez Canal Route at other times. Different from the previous literatures, this paper dynamically considers the sea ice extent in the model, which is more reasonable for the assessment of Arctic container shipping, because fuel consumption is highly related to ship speed, while ship speed is determined by the relative distances of ice-covered and ice-free route stages. A new approach is developed to predict the time points at which the ship enters and exits the ice-covered stage, given that both the ship position and the extent of sea ice are constantly changing. The results show that the NSR/SCR-combined Arctic container service can be more economical than the SCR, given lower NSR tariffs.     

集装箱航运服务组合拍卖模型研究

根据运输的“范围经济性”原理,阐述了集装箱航运服务组合拍卖的适用性,围绕价值因素和价值评价因素,分析了集装箱航运服务组合拍卖的比较优势,结合集装箱航运服务的特点,以拍卖者效用最大化和投标者总估值最大化平衡为目标,设计出了组合拍卖的机制和运作程序;针对组合拍卖中的竟胜标问题,建立了集装箱航运服务组合拍卖的一般优化模型,并通过引入集装箱航运服务质量属性参数和运量限制等约束条件,对其进行了改进。从而为实现集装箱航运服务在线拍卖提供理论支持和计算平台。     

海冰对港口作业的影响及应对措施

渤海和北黄海每年冬季都有结冰现象。海冰能够封锁港口、堵塞航道、破坏近海结构物、使航行中的船舶受损,给船舶进出港航行、操纵及靠离码头作业等带来极大困难,对港口运营也有较大的影响,严重情况会导致重大海难事故。从港口建设决策者及运营管理者的角度出发,多方面阐述了海冰对港口作业的影响,并重点论述了港口应对海冰灾害的措施,为冰况区港口能够延长作业天数及安全生产提供参考。     

Competitiveness between short sea shipping and road freight transport in mainland port connections; the case of two Greek ports

While road freight transport is essential to any modern economy, short sea shipping (SSS) offers a competitive alternative mode of freight transport in terms of private and social costs, when applied in the connection of mainland ports. This mainly stems from the fact that within the context of the latter costs, accidents and environmental impacts in many road links constitute undesirable externalities with which road freight transport is heavily burdened. This paper compares the aforementioned economics of road and sea transport with reference to the connection of the port of Patra (the main western freight gate of Greece) with West Attica (the biggest Greek industrial centre), aiming at providing a viable solution towards the promotion of SSS in the transport chain between mainland ports.