Load Balancing in WDM Optical Networks with and without Wavelength—Continuity Constraints

In practical optical networks, there is often the same number of wavelengths in a fiber. But if it is not carefully designed, there will be much difference in link load among different fibers, and unnecessary wavelengths will be needed. This paper investigated this load balancing issues to minimize the wavelength requirements. Both Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and heuristic algorithms were presented to solve such a problem in WDM optical networks with or without wavelength-continuity constraints.     

Traffic Scheduling in WDM Passive Optical Network with Delay Guarantee

IntroductionWDM passive optical network (PON) is an at-tractive solution for future broadband access net-work in that it offers the potential of large capaci-ty, network security and data transparency[1]WDM PON connects the optical line terminal( OLT ) with multiple optical network units(ONU) through a splitter. The OLT has an arrayof m fixed-tuned transceivers, each tuned to a dif-ferent wavelength. Each ONU is equipped withone fixed transmitter (control channel) and onetunable trans…     

Modeling Nd~(3+)-Yb~(3+)-Tm~(3+)-Er~(3+) Codoped Telluride Glass Fiber for 0.4 to 2.0 μm Emission Spectra

The modeling of rare-earth-doped fiber amplifier is accomplished by utilizing the rate and propagation equations of distinct levels for a laser medium. A complex theoretical model for neodymium(Nd~(3+)), erbium(Er~(3+)),thulium(Tm~(3+)) and ytterbium(Yb~(3+)) codoped telluride glass fiber covering 0.4—2.0 μm emission spectra is presented. The emission spectra of Nd~(3+)-Er~(3+)-Tm~(3+)-Yb~(3+)codoped telluride fiber are realized with the excitation of both 808 and 980 nm lasers pumped at 500 mW. Numerical methods are used to calculate the emission spectra covering 0.4—2.0 μm. With the Nd~(3+), Tm~(3+)and Yb~(3+)ion concentrations fixed at 2 × 1020 ion/m~3, the Er~(3+)ion concentration optimized to 8 × 10~(20) ion/m~3 and the fiber length spanning from 0.5 to 2 m, a peak amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) power of 19.8 mW is attainable, and a minimum ASE power of 7.96 mW can also be achieved. The analytical techniques and results indicate that when a telluride codoped fiber with suitable ion concentrations of Nd~(3+), Er~(3+), Tm~(3+)and Yb~(3+)is excited by both 980 and 808 nm pump lasers, 0.4—2.0 μm emission spectra are attainable for vast optical applications.     

Gain Characteristics of Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier

The theory model of fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) was introduced, which is based on optical nonlinear effect. And then numerical simulation was done to analyze and discuss the gain spectral characteristics of one-pump and two-pump FOPA. The results show that for one-pump FOPA, when pump wavelength is near to fiber zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW), the gain flatness is better, and with the increase of the pump power,fiber length and its nonlinear coefficient, the gain value will increase while the gain bandwidth will become narrow.For two pump FOPA, when the pump central wavelength is near to fiber ZDW, the gain flatness is better. Moreover, by decreasing the space of two pumps wavelength, the gain flatness can be improved. Finally, some problems existing in FOPA were addressed.     

Theoretical Modelling of Cascaded Er~(3+)-Doped,Tm~(3+)-Doped and Nd~(3+)-Doped Fibers for 0.4 to 2.0 μm Emission Spectra

We present a cascaded system designed with Er~(3+)-doped, Tm~(3+)-doped and Nd~(3+)-doped fibers to realize amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) spectra covering 0.4—2.0 μm. The system is excited with a pump laser emitting 808 nm photons with 500 m W pump power. The emission spectra of the cascaded system covering0.4—2.0 μm are realized with the Er~(3+), Tm~(3+)and Nd~(3+)ion doping densities optimized to 8 × 1019, 2 × 1020 and8 × 1020 ion/m3, respectively, and the fiber length optimized to 1 m. Numerical methods reveal that the peak ASE power for the cascaded system can reach 20.9 m W. A minimum ASE power of 4.39 m W is attainable. Using numerical calculations and analytical techniques, we provide a detailed insight into optimized Er~(3+)-doped, Tm~(3+)-doped and Nd~(3+)-doped fiber lengths and their doping concentrations for ASE power spectra covering 0.4—2.0 μm.We believe that the cascaded system can potentially provide significant applications in various optical fields which include but not limited to wavelength-division multiplexing, various optical communications and other salient medical imaging processes.     

Research on High Power Inter-Channel Crosstalk Attack in Optical Networks

While all-optical networks become more and more popular as the basis of the next generation Internet(NGI)infrastructure,such networks raise many critical security issues.High power inter-channel crosstalk attack is one of the security issues which have negative effect on information security in optical networks.Optical fiber in optical networks has some nonlinear characteristics,such as self phase modulation(SPM),cross phase modulation(XPM),four-wave mixing(FWM)and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS).They can be used to implement high power inter-channel crosstalk attack by malicious attackers.The mechanism of high power inter-channel crosstalk attack is analyzed.When an attack occurs,attack signal power and fiber nonlinear refractive index are the main factors which affect quality of legitimate signals.The effect of high power inter-channel crosstalk attack on quality of legitimate signals is investigated by building simulation system in VPI software.The results show that interchannel crosstalk caused by high power attack signal leads to quality deterioration of legitimate signals propagated in the same fiber.The higher the power of attack signal is,the greater the fiber nonlinear refractive index is.The closer the channel spacing away from the attack signal is,the more seriously the legitimate signals are affected by attack.We also find that when attack position and power of attack signal are constant,attack signal cannot infinitely spread,while its attack ability shows a fading trend with the extension of propagation distance.     

Review on composite structural health monitoring based on fiber Bragg grating sensing principle

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based sensors offer important advantages over traditional instrumentation with regards to real-time structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite materials and structures in recent years. FBG sensors, integrated into existing structures or embedded into new ones, have played a major role in assessing the safety and integrity of engineering structures. In this paper, a review on the latest research of the FBG-based SHM technique for composite field is presented. Firstly, the FBG sensing principle is briefly discussed and FBG and several other optical fiber sensors (OFSs) for SHM are performance-compared. Then, several examples of the use of FBG sensors in composite SHM are illustrated, including those from the field of cure monitoring, civil engineering, aviation, aerospace, marine and offshore platform. Finally, some existing problems are pointed out and some proposals for further researches are provided.     

Identification of hydrodynamic forces on a flexible pipe near plane boundary subjected to vortex-induced vibrations

Formally,use of system identification techniques to estimate the forces acting on the beam may give information on hydrodynamic forces due to vortex-induced vibrations(VIVs),but no results from such attempts for submarine pipeline spans have been reported.In this study,a pipe model with a mass ratio(mass/displaced mass) of 2.62 is tested in a current tank.The gap ratios(gap to pipe diameter ratio) at the pipe ends are 2.0,4.0, 6.0 and 8.0.The response of the model is measured using optical fiber strain gauges.A modal approach linked to a finite element method is used to estimate the hydrodynamic forces from measurement.The hydrodynamic force at the dominant response frequency is the major concern,and the lift force and added mass coefficients are calculated.Response calculations are performed using force coefficients from the inverse force analysis and the calculated results are in accordance with the experimental data.     

CHANGES OF THE THICKNESS OF RETINA NERVE FIBER LAYER IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Objective To determine the changes of retina nerve fiber thickness with optical coherence tomography(OCT) in Alzheimer’s disease(AD) patients.Methods OCT was used to measure the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) from 38 AD patients and 26 healthy age-matched controls.The corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure were measured and the dilated fundus examinations were also performed in those subjects.Results Compared with healthy age-matched controls,the RNFL thickness of AD patients(95.40±29.45) were much thinner than the controls(105.91±29.87)(P <().05),especially in superior quadrant,while no difference was found in the other retinal area.Conclusion Retinal nerve degeneration may be present in the retina of AD patients and this degeneration is likely localized preferentially to the superior quadrant.     

A NOVEL 2-D GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR STANDARD PE PLACEMENT IN OPTOELECTRONIC MCM

IntroductionThere are considerable interests in the develop-ment of optical interconnections for multichipmodules ( MCM's) ,since optical interconnec-tions have advantages in size,power,and speedover electronic interconnections for“long”dis-tance communication[1] .Free space optical inter-connection( FSOI) is one of the forms of opticalinterconnections.Differing from electricity'straveling which uses wires for communication,FSOI uses laser light traveling in a transparentmedia.Moreover,…     

EPON系统一种基于SNMP的新型管理方法研究

依据EPON网管系统的需求,提出了一种新型的基于SNM P协议的EPON网络管理方法,用来管理和改善EPON的网络管理性能.设计并实现了该管理方法,完成了对EPON系统的设备和业务参数配置,保证了EPON系统稳定、高效的运行.     

智慧城市建设中宽带接入网全光化问题研究

智慧城市建设过程中对通信技术,尤其是宽带接入网的建设提出了更高的要求,也给基础电信运营商带来了很多新的问题与挑战。以高速稳定为特征的全光宽带接入网可谓智慧城市的基础与根本条件。本文结合目前智慧城市发展中对宽带接入网提出的需求和宽带接入网自身在发展及运维管理中所面临的问题,明确了在智慧城市建设过程中宽带接入网全光化的必要性,分析了宽带接入网自身在发展及运维管理中所面临的问题,并提出建议和实施对策。     

在以太网中实现安全的地址映射

随着以太网规模的不断扩大,来自网络内部的安全威胁越来越突出.本文分析了地址映射协议(ARP)的安全隐患及其在以太网中可能面对的安全威胁,提出了地址映射协议SARP.SARP通过使用专门的映射服务器可实现IP地址到硬件地址的安全映射,可以有效地避免非法用户对地址信息的纂改、重播以及实施ARP伪装攻击.     

在以太网中实现安全的地址映射

随着以太网规模的不断扩大,来自网络内部的安全威胁越来越突出.本文分析了地址映射协议(ARP)的安全隐患及其在以太网中可能面对的安全威胁,提出了地址映射协议SARP.SARP通过使用专门的映射服务器可实现IP地址到硬件地址的安全映射,可以有效地避免非法用户对地址信息的纂改、重播以及实施ARP伪装攻击.     

关于中国海事卫星数据服务系统的研究

中国海事卫星数据服务系统是具有我国自主知识产权、与移动卫星通信相衔接的卫星数据服务系统。系统在通信平台与上层应用之间采用了松散耦合的结构,易于扩展新的增值应用,可支持未来新的海事卫星业务。系统开发了自有通信协议,并兼容TCP／IP协议,实现了全双工通信、断点续传、在线压缩、信道加密等先进通信手段,优化提升了卫星信道使用效率。     

全双工中继选择策略的性能研究

为了提高协同通信系统的频谱效率,对全双工中继通信系统进行了研究.首先,介绍了传统的主动机会中继策略和最优的全双工中继选择策略,并在最优全双工中继选择策略的基础上提出了增强型全双工中继选择策略;其次,分析了主动机会中继选择策略应用在全双工中继网络中的中断性能,推导了3种策略中断概率的闭式精确结果和高信噪比(SNR)下的近似逼近结果;最后,通过数值仿真分析验证了理论推导结果的正确性.研究结果表明:在高SNR范围时,最优全双工中继选择策略和主动机会中继选择策略的中断性能趋于平台效应;增强型全双工中继选择策略的中断性能会随着SNR的增大而一直提高,且增强型全双工中继选择策略的中断性能明显最优,主动机会中继选择策略的性能最差.      

一体化标识网络中的用户身份认证协议

一体化标识网络解决了传统网络中IP地址二义性问题,是一种基于网络的身份与位置分离体系.本文在一体化标识网络中提出一种用户身份认证协议,基于该协议设计了一种利用数字证书构建的接入标识.这种接入标识唯一的表示一体化标识网络中的终端,实现用户身份信息与终端的绑定.该用户身份认证协议基于Diffie-Hellman密钥交换完成用户到用户真实身份的双向认证,采用谜题机制和无认证状态防止应答方受到DoS攻击.通过C-K安全模型分析用户身份认证协议的安全性,分析表明该协议是会话密钥安全的.     

基于PLC网络的舰船动力系统仿真训练模拟器研究

针对舰船动力系统的特点,介绍了基于以太网的训练模拟器的硬件、软件构成及设计方法.模拟器的监控系统界面采用组态软件开发,通过OPC协议与仿真模型软件进行数据交换;以可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)为基础设计接口系统,PLC与仿真计算机组成星形网络结构,提高和保证了整个系统的可靠性.实际应用表明,该仿真训练系统稳定、可靠,可扩展性好.     

基于嵌入式TCP／IP的在线签名数据采集系统

在线签名识别在银行金融系统及个人身份识别等领域正引起广泛关注。笔迹信息的采集是在线签名识别算法的基础,设计了一种基于嵌入式TCP／IP的在线签名数据采集系统,该系统以C805117020 SOC单片机为核心,实现了在线签名数据的实时采集,并在有限的单片机资源基础上移植嵌入式TCP／IP协议栈,通过以太网接入Internet,将采集到的签名信息准确及时地上传到远程认证服务器。     

基于嵌入式的轨道交通GPS时间服务器设计

设计基于嵌入式的轨道交通GPS时间服务器。进行多项冗余设备设计确保系统的可靠性;同时系统嵌入NTP网络协议处理网络传输延时,确保系统时间的精确性。系统提供RS485、Zigbee、以太网等多种接入方式,以满足应用需求,为轨道交通运行控制系统提供精确同步的时间服务。