运输价格:适当疏导从严控制

成品油价格调整之后,为稳定终端的运输价格,国家发改委,财政部和交通运输部昨日联合发出通知,要求各地缓解成品油调价对交通运输业的影响,严格控制连锁反应.     

简讯

成品油价再次上调
　　2月24日,国家发改委宣布自25日零时起上调大陆地区成品油价格,汽油上涨300元/吨,柴油上涨290元/吨;折合90号汽油上涨0.22元/升,0号柴油上涨0.25元/升。国家发改委规定汽柴油调价周期为22个工作日,同时限定了“4%”的调价红线,而且节日等因素经常出现调价延后的情况。此次成品油价格调整距离上次调价已有3个月左右。     

浅析盾构隧道工程支付条件对造价的影响

文章通过一特大型地铁盾构隧道国际工程招标的实例,分析招标文件支付条件对造价的影响,介绍了如何通过利用市场化的招标程序,纠正投标单位明显不平衡报价的方法,为隧道建设工程项目实施招标提供宝贵的第一手材料和有益的借鉴。     

交通土建工程项目中的路基路面施工技术研究

在交通土建工程项目建设中,路基路面施工技术对于工程质量有着重要影响。文章以榆靖高速公路路基路面施工实践为例,对交通土建工程项目中的路基路面施工技术进行探讨。     

建设项目实行无标底招标、合理低价中标的可行性探析

分析了当前国际通行的做法，并就招标工作中实行无标底招标、合理低价中标的可行性和应注意的问题进行了探析。     

深圳地铁一期工程土建工程标段划分设计

以深圳地铁一期工程初步设计及城市规划方案等文件为主要依据，围绕如何更好地进行“三控”、“两管”、“一协调”，结合各站、区间现有的交通场地条件，按照“一站一区间”或“两站一区间”为一个标优的基本划分方法，将土建工程划分为22个标段，从面到压缩招标工期；加快工程进度；缓解道路交通压力，减少施工用地及交通疏解费用；使承包商更集中管理、技术力量和设备投入，有利于确保质量和工期等目的。     

成品油价“涨快跌慢”惹争议

"两年前的国际油价是74美元,现在还是74美元,可是我国的汽油价却涨了2630元/吨……"近日,一篇有关油价的帖子引起众多网友的共鸣,"涨快跌慢"的国内油价备受关注。目前中国采用的成品油调价机制于2009年启用。其规定,国际原油价格连续22个工作日日均涨幅或跌幅超过4%,就考虑对国内成品油价格进行调整。这一机制在运行过程中显现了不少弊端,如调价时间滞后、刺激了投机行为等。表面上,"22个工作日"、"4%"是一个硬指标,对涨与跌一视同仁,不至于出现"涨快跌慢"的现象,但事实并非如此简单。今年以来国际油价的变化也招致消费者关于国内油价随国际油价上调而提价却未及时随国际油价下降而降价的批评。     

出租车调价的经济分析

现在的条件下,市场化和成本似乎都成为了一个借口.君不见,国际油价涨的时候,我们嚷嚷着要跟国际接轨,要上调油价,过几天电力企业说亏损严重、成本高,按照"市场经济原则",也要调价,而出租车公司也振振有辞地说,油价高了,而份子钱不能少,因为那是刚性的成本.     

对我国铁路运价调整滞后的理性思考与对策分析

<正> 我国铁路调价的滞后性已严重影响了铁路的发展,成为市场经济条件下铁路参与运输市场竞争的主要障碍之一。如何看待我国铁路运价调整的滞后性,怎样解决由于调价滞后带来的问题成为理论界急需研究和探索的一个课题。从铁路的实际状况分析,我国铁路调价的滞后既有体制上的原因,也有铁路本身的因素。 一、我国铁路运价调整滞后性的成因分析 1.价格管制是造成铁路调价滞后的根本性原因 虽然步入市场经济后,我国按照经济体     

杭州出租车怎么了?

8月1日清晨,数千辆出租车聚集杭州九堡客运中心、汽车南站、汽车北站等地暂停运营。出租车司机呼吁;减少份子钱(承包运营租金)、提高起步价、降低运营规费等。当天下午,杭州市交通局宣布,初步计划在10月底前完成出租车调价工作。8月1日起至调价结束前,将由财政对上     

工程量清单计价模式下的合同管理研究

在招投标阶段，运用工程量清单计价办法确立的合同价款需要在施工过程中得到实施控制。而实现以项目为中心的施工合同协调管理，建立以合同管理为核心的项目管理体系，是提高项目管理水平的关键。文章基于施工合同管理中出现的风险分配和计价方式问题，提出工程量计价模式下的工程合同价款的约定事项、调整思路及效率优先的施工合同争议处理思路。     

浅谈如何提高投标报价的成功率

文章围绕工程项目投标的目的、价位、方式等环节,分析了投标报价过程中存在的盲目投标、低价竞标、投标报价方式传统等误区及根源,提出了提高投标报价质量的相应对策。     

Transaction costs and tradable mobility credits

Artificial markets for mobility credits have been proposed as an alternative to conventional congestion pricing schemes. This paper examines the effects of transaction costs on two types of markets: an auction market and a negotiated market. In an auction market, users purchase all of the needed mobility credits through a competitive bidding process. In a negotiated market, the users initially receive certain amount of mobility credits from the government and trade with each other through negotiation to fulfill their needs. We assume that a brokerage service is built in both markets to facilitate transactions and accordingly, the users have to pay a commission fee proportional to the value of trade. The users are also given the option to purchase credits from the government if for some reasons they cannot use or wish to avoid the markets. Our analyses suggest that the auction market can achieve the desired equilibrium allocation of mobility credits as long as the government sets its price properly and the unit transaction cost is lower than the price that the market would reach in absence of transaction costs. However, in the negotiated market, transaction costs could divert the system from the desired equilibrium regardless of their magnitude. More importantly, the initial allocation of mobility credits may affect the final equilibrium even when marginal transaction costs are constant.     

Survey analysis of supply chain adjustment for Taiwanese information technology firms

Owing to the globalization of industry, the explosion in customer services and product life-cycle compression, most manufacturers have been adjusting the processes and activities of their supply chains to remain competitive and optimize total profit. The aim here was to explore the issues surrounding the changes in manufacturing supply chains and the consequential impact on freight transport demand. A questionnaire to survey Taiwanese information technology (IT) firms was designed and conducted to chart in detail the changes in supply chains of manufacturers, the trends in the international division of labour, and the strategic adjustment of manufacturing and logistics strategies. Surveys and interviews led to the conclusions that (1) vertical integration and international division of labour are very conspicuous among Taiwanese IT firms, (2) there are different strategies of supply chain adjustment at various stages of the product life-cycle, (3) with the transformation of the supply chain, manufacturers require faster transport services, i.e. the demand for air transport may increase and the demand for sea transport may decrease, and (4) once the firms decide on foreign investment, the availability of international transport services becomes one of the considerations for factory offshore relocation. However, transport cost is not a major consideration for firms' supply chain adjustments.     

Gateway diversity and competition in international air transportation

Because of the existence of limited designation gateways, i.e., gateways for international air travel where entry by U.S. flag carriers is limited (in many cases to only one carrier), the U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) has announced a policy of gateway competition. This policy seeks to maximize inter-gateway competition as a goal of the carrier selection process. The paper reviews the rationale and history of this policy and the economic principles of gateway competition. After addressing exceptions where gateway competition does not enhance competitive goals, the issue of how to enforce the credibility of the bidding process in route awards is addressed. The paper concludes by identifying circumstances where competitive objectives are not advanced through application of the principle gateway competition.     

隧道工程施工招投标阶段的风险分析

提高风险管理水平,重视投标决策的研究,对于保证承包商利益、增强承包商市场竞争力具有非常重要的作用。风险管理是项目管理体系的一部分,并不是与项目管理中投资控制、进度控制、质量控制、合同管理、信息管理、组织协调相并列的部分,而是将以上六个方面与风险有关的内容综合而成的一个独立部分。一旦决定投标,就进入风险控制阶段,对可能出现的风险采取防范措施,以最小的成本谋取最大的保障。由于投标文件是工程实施的纲领性文件,是隧道工程实施过程中的依据,故风险分析就成为承包商在投标阶段工作的核心内容。     

Financial relations between European railways for their international services

The operations of European railway companies are generally confined to the territory of one country. Each company incurs the cost of operations on its network. For international trains there are systems of physical compensation for vehicles and staff operating outside their home network. Revenues either go direct to each company involved, or, in the case of through international rates, are apportioned according to distance. This situation implies that for any decision on price and services agreement of all operators involved is necessary. Also, the apportionment of costs between operators is not in line with real cost structure. With further integration in the European community, and freer movement between Eastern and Western Europe, international transport will become more important, and railways will be at a disadvantage compared with other modes that can operate international services throughout. An organisation is proposed and illustrated with some examples, wherein separate commercial units are formed responsible for running and marketing an international rail service. Track, vehicles, and staff of national railway companiew may be used as now, but at a price to be agreed, and without the need for physical compensation.     

Empirical estimation of price and income elasticities of air cargo demand: The case of Hong Kong

This paper estimates the price and income elasticities of air cargo demand and examines how they may change after the 2008 financial crisis. Using a set of time series data, we simultaneously estimate the aggregated demand and supply functions of air cargo at Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA). We find that during the entire sampling period of 2001–2013, the price elasticity for air cargo transport demand at HKIA ranges from −0.74 to −0.29, suggesting that air cargo demand in Hong Kong reacts negatively to price (as expected) but does not appear to be very sensitive to price. The income elasticity ranges from 0.29 to 1.47 and appears sensitive to seasonality adjustment approaches. However, in terms of the speed of changes, air cargo demand changes much faster than overall economy, indicating the presence of a pro-cyclical pattern of air cargo traffic with respect to the overall economy. Our analysis shows that air cargo demand becomes more sensitive to changes in both price and income after 2008.     

M型隧道施工技术

文章结合六寨-河池高速公路第三合同段M型隧道施工实践,介绍了高速公路M型隧道新奥法施工的工艺技术及质量安全控制要点。     

对城市轨道交通运营设施维修类项目招标工作的研究

城市轨道交通运营设施维修类项目是一项复杂的系统工程,其招标工作应当根据项目特点,有针对性地编制招标大纲,制订招标工作要点,使其在有关法律法规的约束下,公开、公平、公正地规范运作,达到社会效益与企业效益综合平衡的目的。