纳米压痕法测定Ni52.2Mn24.4Ga23.4马氏体的力学性能

利用纳米压痕法测定了N i52.2Mn24.4Ga23.4单个晶粒内马氏体的力学性能.实验表明:加载过程中马氏体产生弹性与塑性变形,且随着载荷的增大,材料的变形方式逐渐以塑性变形为主,并伴随有不同程度的蠕变.N i52.2Mn24.4Ga23.4单个晶粒上两片马氏体的平均弹性模量分别为82.15GPa、88.0GPa;平均硬度值分别为3.91Gpa、3.60GPa,不同马氏体片的力学性能存在差异.     

Effect of Gr Content and Hot Extrusion on Tensile Properties of （Nano-SiCp~-Gr）/Cu Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy

Novel hybrid Cu matrix composites reinforced by graphite (Gr) particle with volume fraction of 5%?C15% and nano-SiC particle (nano-SiCp) with volume fraction of 3% have been prepared by powder metallurgy. The results show that Gr and nano-SiCp distribute uniformly in the Cu matrix. With increasing the volume fraction of Gr, the tensile strength of the composites decreases from 114 to 51MPa and the elastic modulus decreases from 75 to 60GPa. Compared with the sintered composites, the tensile properties including elastic modulus, tensile strength, yield strength and tensile elongation of the hot-extruded (nano-SiCp+Gr)/Cu composites are improved greatly due to higher relative density of the composites and more uniform distribution of Gr and nano-SiCp, in addition to finer grain size of the matrix as a result of dynamic recovery and recrystallization which occur during hot extrusion process.     

树脂基纳米涂层复合材料力学性能试验研究

用纳米划痕和纳米压痕试验对Al2O3短纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料基体涂覆纳米Al2O3涂层后的性能进行对比试验分析，研究涂层表面性能与涂层以及涂覆工艺的关系．环氧树脂固化的同时和固化后涂覆的涂层分别称为同时涂层和后期涂层．同时涂层和后期涂层使涂层的弹性模量从基体的1．0GPa分别提高到3．3～3．9MPa和2．1～4．0GPa；硬度从分别提高到700～1300MPa和400～600MPa．     

Numerical analysis of material properties in deformation of near hemispherical shells

In this paper, the effects of hardening exponent, yield strength and elastic modulus on the deformability of near hemispherical shells are investigated by means of finite element method and orthogonal experiment design. The largest eccentric angle during the deformation process and thickness reduction after the deformation are introduced to estimate the deformability quantitatively according to the deformation characteristics of near hemispherical shells. The results indicate that the hardening exponent is the most influential parameter, followed by elastic modulus and yield strength. The shell exhibits good deformability when the hardening exponent and elastic modulus are in the range of 0.1–0.125 and 70–108 GPa, respectively.     

柔性荷载下CFG桩复合地基沉降特性的数值模拟分析

根据甬台温客运专线具有代表性的断面,对影响客运专线铁路柔性基础下CFG复合地基变形的各种因素进行数值模拟分析.分析结果表明,桩身弹性模量小于3GPa时,桩身弹性模量对复合地基沉降影响较大,桩身弹性模量达到3GPa后,桩身弹性模量对复合地基沉降影响显著减小,当桩身弹性模量达到5GPa后,复合地基沉降基本不受桩身弹性模量影响;路基垫层弹性模量小于50MPa时,随着垫层弹性模量的增大,沉降量急剧减少,垫层弹性模量达到50MPa后,垫层弹性模量基本不对复合地基的沉降产生影响;下卧土层压缩模量对复合地基的沉降影响比较大.     

Fabrication and compressive properties of expanded polystyrene foamed concrete: Experimental research and modeling

As the construction of high-rise building becomes popular,improvement and innovation are required to expand the product line of lightweight concrete.In this paper,two ways of fabricating lightweight concrete were combined to make a new kind of super lightweight concrete.Normal aggregate is replaced with expanded polystyrene(EPS) granule,while foam is introduced to facilitate fabrication process.As a result,super lightweight concrete denoted as EPS foamed concrete is fabricated,whose bulk density is less than 500kg/m~3.Compressive properties of EPS foamed concrete with bulk density 300—500 kg/m~3 were investigated by stress-strain curve. It’s demonstrated that the compressive strength ranges from 0.7 to 2.5 MPa,which is higher than that of similar products.Furthermore,low elastic module and high residual to ultimate strength ratio ensure its excellent deformation and energy absorption capacity.At last,numerical analysis was performed to interpret the inherent variation of elastic modulus and failure mechanism of this material.The results show that EPS foamed concrete is a kind of super lightweight,easy to fabricate material with excellent compressive property and profound utilization potential.     

闭孔泡沫铝的孔隙结构及压缩变形过程研究

为研究压缩空气法制备的闭孔泡沫铝的孔隙结构对其力学性能的影响和压缩变形过程,测量了不同密度泡沫铝的孔隙结构参数,分析了孔径与密度关系,并通过单向压缩实验,分析了密度对破碎压力和杨氏模量的影响以及裂纹产生与扩展情况.研究结果表明：泡沫铝的孔径与密度的关系为ρ＊=0.108 5＋4.862 7exp（-0.608Φ）.在单向压缩时,随着压缩载荷的增加,孔壁在弹性变形后产生弯曲,裂纹首先在应力集中的缺陷处和孔壁强度低的位置产生向次薄弱的孔壁扩展.应力水平越高,裂纹扩展越快;当孔的壁面上存在强度差异时产生褶皱;裂纹贯穿孔壁后发生失稳断裂并可能发生转动,并导致塑性坍塌;应变继续增加,孔穴破碎进入致密化过程.     

Finite element modeling of hydrostatic stress distribution in copper dual-damascene interconnects

Hydrostatic stresses of copper dual-damascene interconnects are calculated by a commercial finite element software in this paper. The analytical work is performed to examine the effects of different low-k (k is permittivity) dielectrics, barrier layer and aspect ratio of via on hydrostatic stress distribution in the copper interconnects. The results of calculation indicate that the hydrostatic stresses are highly non-uniform throughout the copper interconnects and the highest tensile hydrostatic stress exists on the top interface of lower level interconnect near via. Both the high coefficient of thermal expansion and the low elastic modulus of the low-k dielectrics and barrier layer can decrease the highest hydrostatic stress on the top interface, which can improve the reliability of the copper interconnects.     

冻融循环对云贵高原尾矿土力学性质的影响

为研究尾矿力学指标在冻融循环过程中的弱化规律，基于冻融尾矿土的常规三轴固结不排水剪切试验，对冻融前后尾矿土的各项力学指标进行了分析. 首先对尾矿土试样进行开放条件下的冻融试验，设置0、1、5、10、15次冻融；然后对不同冻融次数下的尾矿土进行常规三轴固结不排水剪切试验，设置50、100、200、300 kPa 4组围压；最后基于试验结果，对抗剪强度、峰值抗剪强度及弹性模量等力学指标进行分析. 研究表明:冻融对尾矿土的力学性质影响显著，随着冻融次数的增加，其应力-应变关系曲线由应变软化型逐渐向加工硬化型发展；破坏形式由脆性剪切破坏转变为延性破坏，剪切过程中孔压负增长的趋势逐渐减弱至消失；抗剪强度指标、峰值抗剪强度及弹性模量逐渐降低，其中，尾矿土受第1次冻融的扰动最大，表现为有效凝聚力和有效内摩擦角分别降低了30.55%和6.33%；峰值抗剪强度下降比的平均值达42.66%，弹性模量下降比的平均值达33.61%；10次冻融后尾矿土的力学指标趋于稳定，从第10次到第15次冻融，有效凝聚力和有效内摩擦角分别降低2.94%和0.37%；峰值抗剪强度下降比的平均值和平均弹性模量下降比的平均值分别为2.53%和4.03%，建议采用冻融10次的力学指标作为工程设计的依据.      

First-principles prediction of ductility in β-type Ti-Mo binary alloys

Recent studies suggest that the ratio of the shear modulus (G) to the bulk modulus (B) and the Poisson’s ratio (ν) are good indicators of ductility. Using the method of supercell and the first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method, the G/B and ν of the β-type Ti-Mo binary alloys with Mo molar fraction (x _Mo) ranging from 6.25% to 37.5% are calculated. The results show that the ductility of β-type Ti-Mo binary alloys first increases with increasing x _Mo and reaches the maximum when x _Mo is about 25%, and then reduces with more increasing x _Mo. The charge density difference calculations suggest that the x _Mo dependence of the ductility can be ascribed to the change of bonding characteristics between Ti and Mo atoms in the [111] direction.     

Elastic Modulus Limit of Support Layer in Twin-Block Ballastless Track Based on Train Load Effect

The support layer is an important component of twin-block ballastless track. The modulus of the support layer is an important design parameter and must be carefully solved. We studied the bending stress and deformation of track slab and support layer due to train load using the beam-plate finite element model on elastic foundation. The results show that support layer type has great impact on both support layer deformation and the stress on subgrade, but has little impact on the bending stress of either track slab or support layer. The continuous support layer type, and articulated support layer type with shear transfer device at their ends, are recommended. In order to keep the stress in the support layer less than that in track slab, the modulus of the continuous, unit, and articulated types of support layer (in unit twin-block ballastless track), and the support layer in continuous twin-block ballastless track, should not be larger than 15, 22, 20.5 and 5 GPa, respectively. In addition, the modulus of the unit-type support layer should not be more than 20 GPa, to ensure the step in support layer remains less than 1 mm.     

Mechanical properties and residue stress of four kinds of ZrC coatings prepared by chemical vapor deposition

Four kinds of ZrC coatings with nearly the same thickness have been successfully prepared on graphite substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) through controlling the ratio of inlet reacting gases. From backscattered electron images, it can be inferred that ZrCIII coating has the best tightness of all coatings. Meanwhile, line energy spectrum curve shows that zirconium and carbon elements distribute uniformly along the normal direction of the ZrCIII coating. As for varied microstructures, the coatings show different mechanical properties and residue stress. The strength and elastic modulus of ZrCIII coating were up to 89.57 and 1 192.5GPa, respectively. Those make it near the level of diamond. Value of residue tensile stress of ZrC+C composite coating was only 7.729MPa and that of ZrCIII coatings was 349.632 MPa. The strong combination of small-size grains in ZrCIII coating plays a decisive role to the best mechanical properties. However, strong misfit of lattice between ZrCIII coating and substrate can induce high residue stress.     

混凝土四重球弹性模量随龄期发展预测模型

混凝土的抗压强度和弹性模量随龄期不断增长.然而,与抗压强度相比,弹性模量随龄期的增长并不明显,相关的研究也较少.本文在混凝土弹性模量双重球和三重球预测模型的基础上,考虑了水泥浆体与骨料间的界面过渡区效应,建立了混凝土弹性模量四重球理论模型,且模型能够较好的反映界面过渡区在混凝土弹性模量发展中的作用.分析表明,对混凝土弹性模量发展起到主要作用的参数按重要程度依次为骨料体积分数、骨料粒径及界面过渡区效应.     

基于断裂力学的橡胶颗粒弹性路面除冰能力分析

为了分析橡胶颗粒弹性路面的弹性模量与除冰能力之间的关系，从断裂力学角度出发，引入应变能密度因子准则作为判断依据，分析不同温度条件下，冰层厚度不同时，弹性路面的弹性模量与除冰能力之间的关系，并得出能够达到除冰效果的弹性模量范围。     

公路隧道衬砌火灾后力学行为分析

公路隧道发生火灾后,衬砌结构将发生物理与力学性能的改变,如厚度变薄和弹模降低等。首先分析混凝土构件在火灾后的损伤机理、力学特性和耐火性能,然后根据混凝土火损等级,进一步研究衬砌结构厚度与弹性模量的变化对衬砌结构体系的影响。采用荷载-结构法分析超高次公路隧道结构体系在火损后的力学行为,探寻其残余承载能力及内力与变形规律,找出特征破坏点与破坏机制。     

钢管混凝土脱粘及灌浆补救效果试验研究

对钢管与混凝土脱粘后钢管混凝土的力学性能(弹性模量和承载能力等)以及灌浆的效果进行了试验研究．结果表明，随脱粘宽度增大，钢管混凝土的弹性模量和承载能力大幅度下降，纵向和侧向变形加剧．原因在于，脱粘后钢管与混凝土不能共同承载．进行灌浆处理后，钢管混凝土原有的力学性能基本恢复．     

水泥混凝土路面半刚性基层的孔隙水压力特性

基于多孔介质弹性理论,运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对水泥混凝土路面半刚性基层的孔隙水压力进行了数值模拟,计算了不同外部荷载和路面结构条件下的基层孔隙水压力分布规律。分析结果表明:在饱水状态下,基层孔隙水压力随面层厚度、面层模量、基层厚度与基层渗透系数的增大而减小,随基层模量的增大而增大,但面层和基层模量对孔隙水压力的影响不显著;孔隙水压力随交通荷载的增大而呈线性增大,在荷载相同时,荷载分布越密集,对基层孔隙水压力分布的影响越显著,加载模式只影响孔隙水压力的消散过程;孔隙水压力随行车速度的增大而增大,消散过程加快。     

Simulating mechanical behavior of porous materials by homogenization method

In this study, a homogenization method is employed to determine the values of effective elastic modulus for BaZrO₃ which is a promising candidate material for electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Comparison between the homogenization and the analysis data reveals that the difference becomes significant with increasing of porosity when upper 20%. The empire mechanic behavior in a typical planar fuel cell is evaluated using finite element method (FEM). Large stress gradient occurs in vicinity of the interface of the electrolyte and the cathode due to theirs mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). Moreover, local processing results reveal that microscopic stress concentration around pore near the interface of the electrolyte and the cathode in the cell perhaps produces cracks which may lead to the fail of the electrolyte and the lower energy convention efficiency.     

Composition-dependent mechanical and thermal transport properties of carbon/silicon core/shell nanowires

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to study the composition-dependent elastic modulus and thermal conductivity for carbon/silicon core/shell nanowires (NWs). For each concerned carbon/silicon core/shell NW with a specified diameter, it is found that elastic modulus is reduced with a linear dependence on cross-sectional area ratio. The fact matches well with the results of theoretical model. Analysis based on the cross-sectional stress distribution indicates that the core region of core/shell NW is capable of functioning as a mechanical support. On the other hand, thermal conductivity also relies on the cross-sectional area ratio of amorphous silicon shell. The core/shell interface plays a considerable influence on the thermal transport property. The decreasing rate of thermal conductivity is gradually decreased as the composition of amorphous silicon shell increases. In addition, by calculating the phonon density of state, we demonstrate that the reduction in thermal conductivity of the core/shell NW stems from the increase of the low frequency modes and the depression of high-frequency nonpropagating diffusion modes. These results provide an effective way to modify the properties of core/shell NWs for related application.     

多孔棉布-酚醛轴承保持架的应变速率敏感性

为了分析研究多孔棉布-酚醛轴承保持架的应变速率敏感性，使用纳米压痕仪测量其在应变速率为0.01～ 0.05 s?1时的硬度和弹性模量，通过Kelvin-Voigt模型对材料的黏弹性进行分析，研究了材料在不同应变速率下的应变硬化效应和应变局部软化效应. 研究结果表明:随着应变速率提高，多孔棉布-酚醛材料的硬度和弹性模量先增加后减小；当应变速率从0.01 s?1增加到0.05 s?1，多孔棉布-酚醛材料硬度和弹性模量的增加与材料的应变硬化现象有关；当应变速率从0.05 s?1增加到0.30 s?1，蠕变位移显著增加，接触刚度快速降低，形变以热的形式消耗在压头与材料的接触界面，压头接触区材料从黏弹性向黏性转变，局部材料黏度降低，硬度和弹性模量快速减小；多孔棉布-酚醛的硬度和弹性模量随应变速率的变化是应变硬化效应和应变局部软化效应竞争的结果.