船闸闸首非线性有限元计算分析

在船闸下闸首工程的结构计算分析中,考虑地基土体材料的非线性特性,采用非线性有限单元法,对嘉陵江新政船闸下闸首进行了计算分析研究。运用ANSYS10.0通用计算软件,建立了三维非线性弹塑性有限元模型,采用D-P准则对闸首的回填土和地基土体进行计算,经对嘉陵江新政船闸闸首在不同工况下的应力和应变分布特征进行分析比较,验证了模型的正确性和实用性。     

三维有限单元法在大型船闸闸首设计中的应用

合理确定闸首结构的内力是保证船闸结构系统稳定和安全的关键,也是闸首混凝土配筋设计的重要依据。使用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,建立某大型船闸下闸首三维有限元计算模型,分析了不同工况下闸首的应力分布规律及变形特点。编制了由应力反求内力的计算程序,得到各控制点的内力分布情况,并与规范算法结果进行对比,结果表明:规范算法偏于安全,有限单元法充分考虑了位移的协调和结构变形的整体性,计算出的内力更加符合大型船闸闸首实际受力情况。     

港口工程离心模拟技术研究与应用

在土工离心模型试验过程中,针对各种港口工程结构物的特点,科学提出相应的地基模拟技术、结构物模拟技术、量测技术以及港口工程中涉及的波浪荷载模拟技术和港池开挖卸载模拟技术等,对土体与结构物之间相互作用机理进行合理分析,并定量地得到工程结构的一些关键技术参数,如结构内力和整体结构稳定性等,有力推动土工离心模拟技术在港口工程中的应用。     

基于ABAQUS的下闸首结构应力变形三维非线性有限元分析

针对东淝河船闸下闸首结构及受力复杂问题,采用三维非线性有限元ABAQUS软件,分析研究下闸首在不同工况下的位移及应力场。计算结果表明,针对复杂结构采用三维有限元分析软件较以往传统的二维平面计算分析方法更有优势,东淝河船闸下闸首的水平位移和垂直位移均满足规范要求。三维有限元分析结果能比较直观、准确反映下闸首整体强度和位移状况,为评价结构安全性态提供依据。     

基于D-P准则的闸首底板非线性有限元分析与比较

底板是闸首结构受力最复杂的部位,属于典型的空间受力结构,目前船闸规范中仍将弹性基础梁法作为闸首底板内力计算的主要方法,该方法系平面计算理论,且采用弹性模型代替弹塑性模型,存在优化的可能。结合土基上某船闸工程实例,利用有限元软件ANSYS,通过D-P屈服准则进行三维非线性有限元分析,研究弹塑性模型下闸首底板的内力与变化规律,并与弹性基础梁法、三维有限元弹性法进行分析比较,提出了各种方法的适用条件,以供类似工程借鉴参考。     

船闸闸首部位结构内力的非线性有限元分析

考虑结构材料和几何尺度等非线性因素,应用ABAQUS有限元软件建立船闸闸首部位的三维数值模型;通过合理设置闸首部位边墩、底板、回填土和地基之间的接触,分别计算不同工况条件下闸首的结构内力;在验证计算成果合理性的基础上,探讨采用解析法和有限元法进行结构内力分析的优缺点及其适用条件.     

船闸底板施工期应力仿真探讨

船闸闸首底板的应力分布、应力大小与闸首结构型式有关,也受结构施工过程的影响。本文利用非线性有限元分析方法对各种材料之间的接触作用进行分析,对各种施工过程中船闸闸首底板应力的分布及应力大小进行仿真模拟,以期为类似工程提供参考和借鉴。     

高石碑船闸下闸首结构有限元分析

结合高石碑船闸下闸首设计,研究了桩顶刚性连接、桩侧接触面的有限元建模技术,分析了闸首结构体系转换和施工过程的模拟方法。通过有限元计算结果,研究了下闸首沉降和底板内力的分布规律,探讨了复合桩基的承载特性。分析表明,下闸首采用空箱式底板、复合桩基是合理的。最后,对下闸首的配筋、防渗、施工设计等提出了注意要点。     

某改建船闸工程上闸首结构性态研究

江苏省某船闸工程虽经三次维修,仍存在较多问题,如船闸通过能力不足,制约经济发展等,为满足该区域航运安全畅通的需求,开展了船闸改建设计。为研究改建船闸上闸首结构的合理性,根据相关地勘及设计资料,建立了该船闸上闸首结构的三维有限元模型,计算分析了该上闸首的结构性态,研究了上闸首结构在不同工况下的应力及内力分布规律,开展了边荷载作用对闸首结构内力影响的敏感性分析,为上闸首结构的配筋提供理论依据,同时可为类似船闸闸首工程的设计提供借鉴。     

基于ANSYS的船闸混凝土非线性仿真分析

以长洲水利枢纽1#船闸上闸首为例,采用有限元软件,对施工期闸首混凝土浇筑模拟计算,考虑水化热、外界气温、浇筑层厚度之间的相互影响,对闸首混凝土温度变化进行分析。并以温度场的计算成果为前提,采用顺序耦合法对闸首结构混凝土的浇筑进行热-结构耦合计算,分析施工期混凝土结构的应力变化情况。通过对计算成果合理性的验证表明,利用有限元法可较好地对船闸结构进行整体稳定、应力、应变等全方位计算,且具有精度高、形象直观等特点,更好的模拟施工条件对船闸裂缝的影响。     

导弹分段刚体模型和弹性体模型的动响应区别

针对目前一种新提出来的潜射导弹分段刚体模型的试验方案,通过求解在同一载荷作用下分段刚体模型与实际弹性体模型的动响应,来定量分析该模型试验所测得极大载荷值和实际情况下极大载荷的偏差.     

基于模型的耙吸挖泥船溢流损失估计及模型验证

对大型耙吸式挖泥船的装舱作业过程做了充分研究,重点解决了泥舱模型的溢流损失估计问题。利用多组实测数据,对3种泥舱沉积模型的估计效果进行了数据验证和评估分析,给出最终的评估结果。这一理论成果将应用于以后的挖泥船辅助决策和自动控制应用中。     

Use of 3D compartment model for simplified full ship FE model. Part I: construction of FE model

Classification societies cannot cover the torsional strength assessment with simple empirical formula as the size of a containership increases drastically over 10 000 TEU in recent years. Torsional strength of a container ship is very difficult to estimate with an analytical method due to its alternatively varying cross sections, i. e. an open and a closed section. This article proposes an approach to construct a simplified FE model using a 3D compartment model available from the beginning of ship design process. The model is cut to pieces of lots of small pieces of lines by a set of transverse, longitudinal and horizontal planes. Two algorithms are developed for mesh generation of internal structures; one for assembling the broken lines into closed loops and the other for automatically generating mesh from the loops. Another algorithm is proposed to generate mesh for outer hull using outermost nodes of the FE model built for internal members. The validity of the simplified model is discussed along with a beam theory based approach in J Mar Sci Technol (2008)     

Error correction of a predictive ocean wave model using local model approximation

Constructing models from time series with nontrivial dynamics is a difficult problem. The classical approach is to build a model from first principles and use it to forecast on the basis of the initial conditions. Unfortunately, this is not always possible. For example, in fluid dynamics, a perfect model in the form of the Navier–Stokes equations exists, but initial conditions and accurate forcing terms are difficult to obtain. In other cases, a good model may not exist. In either case, alternative approaches should be examined. This paper describes an alternative approach of combining observations and numerical model results in order to produce an accurate forecast. The approach is based on application of a method inspired by chaos theory for building nonlinear models from data called Local Models. Embedding theorem based on the time lagged embedded vectors is the basis for the local model. This technique is used for analysis and updating of numerical model output variables to forecast and correct the errors created by numerical model. The local model approximation is a powerful tool in the forecasting of chaotic time series and has been employed for wave prediction in a forecasting horizon from a few hours to 24 h. The efficacy of the local model as an error correction tool (by combining the model predictions with the observations) compared with the predictions of linear auto regressive models has been brought up. In the present study, the parameters driving the local model are optimized using evolutionary algorithms.     

多模型估计理论

研究利用多模型来副近系统的动态性能,基于多模型设计组合导航系统的多模型自适应卡尔曼滤波器.通过仿真研究表明,在多模型自适应估计和交互式多模型滤波均克服了单一滤波由于外部扰动所造成的滤波误差过大甚至发散的问题.多模卡尔曼滤波器对组合导航系统能达到理想的控制精度、跟踪速度以及稳定性.研究表明,运用多模卡尔曼滤波能改善系统的瞬态响应,覆盖大范围的参数不确定性.     

电信计费模型的设计

依据电信计费系统存在的问题,本文详细描述了电信计费模型的设计方法和各个模块的设计内容。     

指数平滑模型探讨

指数平滑模型在经济预测中应用较为广泛,时间序列的变动趋势不同,应用的平滑模型有所区别。本文介绍了各种指数平滑模型,并以某港为例分别用三次指数平滑及二阶差分—指数平滑模型对其吞吐量进行了预测,并做出了各种模型的适用性分析。     

Validation of vessel seakeeping model tuning algorithm based on measurements at model scale

Wave-induced vessel motion prediction plays a critical role in ensuring safe marine operations. The operational limiting criteria can usually be calculated by applying presumed linearized vessel motion transfer functions based on the specified vessel loading condition, which may deviate from the real vessel condition when the operation is executed. Reducing the uncertainties of the onboard vessel loading condition can therefore improve the accuracy of vessel motion prediction and hence improve the safety and cost-efficiency for marine operations. However, parameters related to the onboard vessel loading condition can be difficult to measure directly, such as the center of gravity and moments of inertia. In addition, the hydrodynamic viscous damping terms are always subject to significant uncertainties and sometimes become critical for accurate vessel motion predictions. A very promising algorithm for the tuning of these important uncertain vessel parameters based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) that uses onboard vessel motion measurements and synchronous wave information was proposed and demonstrated previously by application to synthetic data. The present paper validates the UKF-based vessel seakeeping model tuning algorithm by considering measurements from model-scale seakeeping tests. Validation analyses demonstrate rational tuning results. The observed random errors and bias in relation to the measurement functions due to the applied simplification and linearization in the seakeeping simulations can lead to biased tuning. The importance of designing the state space and the measurement space is demonstrated by case studies. Due to the nonlinear relationship between the uncertain vessel parameters and the vessel motions, the tuning is shown to be sensitive to the mean state vector and selection of the surrounding sigma points.     

Use of a 3D compartment model for simplified full ship FE model. Part II: validation of the simplified FE model

This is Part II in a series of papers. Part I (J Mar Sci Technol 13:154–163) deals with an approach employed to construct a simplified FE model using a 3D compartment model available from the beginning of the ship design process. This paper begins by describing the limitations of an analytical approach based on shear warping beam theory for assessing torsional strength. Next, the structural parts of a container ship that have a negligible effect on hull girder bending strength and torsional strength are determined. This is verified by removing these parts from a conventional FE model and comparing the results obtained using this modified model with those yielded by the original model. The fore end part, the aft end part and the deck house are examined. Since these parts have complicated structures and relevant drawings for them are issued later than cargo structure drawings, modeling them exactly can result in a delay in the completion of the full ship FE model. This paper also verifies the validity of the simplified FE model built by applying the method proposed in Part I and comparing the results obtained with it with those given by a conventional full ship FE model. The stresses on hatch coaming top, the maximum diagonal elongations of the hatch coaming, and the maximum hatch corner movements are evaluated to check the validity of the simplified model.     

港口锚地选址海域适用性评价及优化模型

合理的锚地选址可以保障船舶锚泊安全性,同时可以优化港口的平面布置,提高港口运营效率。总结解决锚地选址问题的现有方法,分析GIS技术在选址问题中的运用,明确锚地选址影响因素并建立综合评价指标体系,同时确定各指标权重值,通过海域适用性评价模型对所有栅格进行综合评价。基于海洋功能区划等约束条件,获得锚地选址的可行方案集,优化比选出最优方案。通过算例分析,验证本文提出的模型合理、可行,可作为锚地选址优化的一种方法。