舰船舰面空气流场的CFD数值模拟探讨

CFD技术已经广泛应用于舰船水流场的分析计算研究领域,而在舰船空气流场研究中的应用趋势正在逐步增强,目前国内在该领域的研究工作还处于起步阶段.从现代舰船气流场的研究发展现状、舰船空气流场CFD数值计算方法的选用以及实例数值计算,探讨了数值模拟舰船气流场的可行性,并通过将计算实例的数值计算结果与其对应状态的风洞试验结果进行对比分析,验证了计算结果的合理性,结果显示,利用CFD工具在定常条件下对舰船空气流场的模拟计算方法是可行的.     

基于摆动喷管的水下航行体推力矢量控制流场特性仿真研究

本文针对航行体水下喷管摆动推力矢量控制动态过程,建立了流体动力与弹道耦合数值仿真计算模型,采用CFD手段分析了航行体水下运动过程中喷管尾部喷流流场与尾空泡相互作用流场的发展演化过程,获得了航行体摆动喷管推力矢量控制下非定常流场动态特性,为航行体水下运动控制方式的深入论证及应用提供了研究方法和手段支撑。     

矩形钢围堰波流荷载数值模拟研究

本文依托某跨海大桥钢围堰,采用CFD方法,通过有限元软件FLUENT计算了不同工况下的钢围堰水流荷载。基于三维势流理论,运用流体动力软件SESAM对钢围堰在不同频率波浪作用下的运动响应进行了计算和分析,并计算得出了设计波浪作用下钢围堰波浪荷载。波流荷载计算结果为钢围堰的设计提供了依据。     

两层流体中运动物体的兴波特性

研究了在两层流体中定常运动的三维物体产生的内波尾流场特性.在势流理论假设下,基于Green第三公式,建立了一组基于Rankine源的分层变形边界积分方程,提出了一种基于四节点双线性等参元的数值实现方法,有效地处理了在场点处立体角的计算和数值积分中的奇异性问题.对定常运动三维球体产生的表面波和内界面波进行了数值模拟,并与定常运动点源的结果进行了比较.     

三维球鼻艏入水砰击研究

基于有限体积法的数值仿真方法对三维球鼻艏的入水砰击问题进行了研究.建立包含气水流场的三维有限元模型,研究了入水过程中流场的自由液面的变化、空气层的作用、纵向曲率和纵向速度对入水压力的影响等问题.结果表明,数值计算仿真的方法可以有效的模拟三维球鼻艏入水过程中自由液面和空气层的变化情况,在相同有效冲击角处球鼻艏的纵向曲率对砰击压力也有较大的影响.     

船用散热器空气流动的数值模拟

基于标准k-ε湍流模型,分别采用正交六面体结构化网格与四面体非结构化网格进行网格划分,使用有限体积法对船用空气散热器内部腔室的流动进行数值计算,模拟散热器各个出口冷却气流的流动情况。比较发现,采用正交六面体结构化网格的计算结果的精度要高于四面体非结构化网格,其仿真更加逼近真实的流动状态。采用六面体网格划分进行数值模拟,发现气流在出口处所受到的喷管效应且气流的形态成直线,各出风口的出风量通过阶梯型设计处于均匀分布状态。     

基于两相流的三维自由面流动模型研究

考虑到复杂界面流的需要,基于三维非稳态的Navier-Stokes方程,采用有限体积法进行数值离散,在构造高分辨率STACS格式的VOF方法的基础上,建立基于气液两相流的三维自由面流动模型,并实现了程序的并行化。应用该模型对旋转流场、三维变形场和溃坝波在湿边界上传播运动等自由面流动问题进行数值模拟,计算结果表明模型模拟复杂自由面的运动具有较高的精度,计算效率高,可为进一步研究波浪对船舶的作用、船行波对航道整治建筑物、岸坡的作用提供基础。     

上层建筑形式及布局对舰船空气流场的影响

舰船上层建筑是诱发舰船舰面空气湍流的主要因素,对于具有全通飞行甲板的舰船,其岛式上层建筑的外形及布置则出现了多样化的趋势,对迎风方向后方的气流场形态势必会产生影响.为了解上层建筑外形及布局形式的变化对舰船空气流场,尤其是对舰载机起降影响的初步规律,通过定常同等试验工况条件下,建立多种形式的上层建筑以及变化研究模型上层建筑纵向的布置位置的数值三维模型,对5种模型分别进行数值模拟计算,分析和观察由此产生的气流场变化,对计算结果进行取值分析.通过各模型及原型舰模型间气流场特性的对比,所得出的有关结论与目前实际的舰船产品所采用的布置形式决策是一致的.     

流体运动SPH数值模拟后处理软件的设计与开发

目前CFD后处理软件多是采用欧拉流场描述流体运动。SPH是一种基于拉格朗日描述的数值模拟方法,为了快速直观地显示SPH的计算结果,文中采用Fortran与VB混合编程的方法,利用Fortran语言的强大计算功能和VB语言中良好的可视化界面设计功能,并结合Office-Excel较强的数据处理能力,开发出具有较好人机交互界面的后处理软件。     

矩形结构以一定倾角砰击水面所引起的流体动力特性分析

本文采用VOF和动网格方法、考虑限制水域边界条件的约束因素，利用CFD商业软件FLUENT通过求解脉冲砰击压力作用下具有自由表面限制水域上的Navier-Stokes方程来分析与观察一定倾角的矩形结构从一定高度自由落下砰击限制水域的水面所引起的三维流体动力现象，并与无倾角的矩形结构撞击有限水深水域的水面所引起的三维水面波动和水下压力场变化问题做对比分析。数值模拟结果表明采用本文所提出的数值方法可以对大型结构作用于封闭或开放水域的水面所激发起的水面波动和水下压力场变化进行有效的数值模拟。这一数值方法为工程上分析大型结构砰击限制水域水面所产生的水动力现象提供了一种实用的手段。     

A CIP-based method for numerical simulations of violent free-surface flows

A CFD model is proposed for numerical simulations of extremely nonlinear free-surface flows such as wave impact phenomena and violent wave–body interactions. The constrained interpolation profile (CIP) method is adopted as the base scheme for the model. The wave–body interaction is treated as a multiphase problem, which has liquid (water), gas (air), and solid (wave-maker and floating body) phases. The flow is represented by one set of governing equations, which are solved numerically on a nonuniform, staggered Cartesian grid by a finite-difference method. The free surface as well as the body boundary are immersed in the computation domain and captured by different methods. In this article, the proposed numerical model is first described. Then to validate the accuracy and demonstrate the capability, several two-dimensional numerical simulations are presented, and compared with experiments and with computations by other numerical methods. The numerical results show that the present computation model is both robust and accurate for violent free-surface flows.     

柴油机水下排气海水倒灌现象的理论分析

柴油机水下排气时存在海水由排气管倒灌入柴油机进而导致柴油机严重损坏的风险。通过分析管内气液两相逆向流动特性和国内外相关研究成果,指出水下排气管内海水倒流的物理机制,并给出了基于Wallis无因次气相速度的水下排气管海水倒流判断准则。进而以某柴油机排气参数为基础,计算分析了排气管管径、排气口水位深度及排气温度等因素对管内倒流界限气速的影响,所得结果对水下排气柴油机防止海水倒灌具有指导意义。     

CFD在潜艇外形方案比较中的应用

以水滴型潜艇为母型进行改造,提出了新型椭圆截面和碟形截面的潜艇外形设计.水滴型潜艇的型值选用"大青花鱼"号的简化型值,在船长与排水量不变的条件下通过改变截面形状给出了后两种新艇型的型值,建立了计算模型.采用有限体积法求解不可压缩的雷诺平均(RANS)方程数值模拟了三种艇体周围的粘性流场,通过对三者的粘性绕流和阻力性能的比较,给出了三种方案各自的优缺点.     

通气空泡流中洞壁效应对空化数和压力场影响的研究

文章在均质平衡多相流模型的基础上耦合输运方程型空化模型,通过求解混合介质的RANS方程、RNG k-ε湍流输运方程以及各相的质量输运方程,采用通用CFD软件—FLUENT数值模拟了水洞中带圆盘空化器航行体模型的定常通气空泡流动,研究了圆形截面闭式空泡水洞中洞壁效应对通气空化数和压力场的影响。得到的阻塞空化数线性正比于圆盘水洞直径比,且与三维圆盘自然空泡流的势流近似解基本一致,分析了洞壁效应作用下空化流场内的压力分布特点,并根据计算结果拟合了一定适用条件下通气空泡长度、最大直径和模型阻力系数的近似公式。     

一种计算水翼水动力的三维面元法

本文用Rankine奇点面元法计算了深、浅水中三维水翼的定常升力绕流。水翼的厚度和升力效应分别以水翼表面分布的Rankine源和法向偶极子来模拟，在自由表面上也分布Rankine源，通过满足相应的边界条件和尾缘处的Kutta条件求出这些奇点强度。以在自由表面下作小攻角定常运动的水翼为例进行了计算，计算结果与试验结果和其他计算结果作了比较。     

张紧器的结构参数对顶张式立管动力响应的影响研究

本文针对带液压气动式张紧器的顶张式立管,综合考虑浮式平台-张紧器-立管之间的运动关系、液压气柱的张力-冲程非线性关系、立管的真实截面布置以及采油树的作用,建立更加符合工程实际的三维有限元分析模型,并通过与实验结果对比验证了该模型的正确性。基于该有限元模型,研究了张紧器的结构参数对顶张式立管动力响应的影响。结果表明:活塞和活塞杆的直径以及高压气体的初始压强对立管的动力响应影响最大;低压气体的初始压强以及液压气柱和立管之间的夹角对立管的动力响应也有重要影响;在相同的环境条件下,高压气体和低压气体的初始体积对立管的动力响应的影响较小。     

Three-dimensional numerical investigation of the separation process in a vortex tube at different operating conditions

Air separators provide safe, clean, and appropriate air flow to engines and are widely used in vehicles with large engines such as ships and submarines. In this operational study, the separation process inside a Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube cleaning (cooling) system is investigated to analyze the impact of the operating gas type on the vortex tube performance; the operating gases used are air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The computational fluid dynamic model used is equipped with a three-dimensional structure, and the steady-state condition is applied during computations. The standard k–ε turbulence model is employed to resolve nonlinear flow equations, and various key parameters, such as hot and cold exhaust thermal drops, and power separation rates, are described numerically. The results show that nitrogen dioxide creates the greatest separation power out of all gases tested, and the numerical results are validated by good agreement with available experimental data. In addition, a comparison is made between the use of two different boundary conditions, the pressure-far-field and the pressure-outlet, when analyzing complex turbulent flows inside the air separators. Results present a comprehensive and practical solution for use in future numerical studies.     

Application of dual reciprocity boundary element method to predict acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers

In marine engine exhaust silencing systems, the presence of exhaust gas flow influences the sound propagation inside the systems and the acoustic attenuation performance of silencers. In order to investigate the effects of three-dimensional gas flow and acoustic damping on the acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers, a dual reciprocity boundary element method （DRBEM） was developed. The acoustic governing equation in three-dimensional potential flow was derived first, and then the DRBEM numerical procedure is given. Compared to the conventional boundary element method （CBEM）, the DRBEM considers the second order terms of flow Mach number in the acoustic governing equation, so it is suitable for the cases with higher Mach number subsonic flow. For complex exhaust silencers, it is difficult to apply the single-domain boundary element method, so a substructure approach based on the dual reciprocity boundary element method is presented. The experiments for measuring transmission loss of silencers are conducted, and the experimental setup and measurements are explained. The transmission loss of a single expansion chamber silencer with extended inlet and outlet were predicted by DRBEM and compared with the measurements. The good agreements between predictions and measurements are observed, which demonstrated that the derived acoustic governing equation and the DRBEM numerical procedure in the present study are correct.     

Multigrid fictitious boundary method for incompressible viscous flows around moving airfoils

In this paper, an efficient multigrid fictitious boundary method (MFBM) coupled with the FEM solver package FEATFLOW was used for the detailed simulation of incompressible viscous flows around one or more moving NACA0012 airfoils. The calculations were carried on a fixed multigrid finite element mesh on which fluid equations were satisfied everywhere, and the airfoils were allowed to move freely through the mesh. The MFBM was employed to treat interactions between the fluid and the airfoils. The motion of the airfoils was modeled by Newton-Euler equations. Numerical results of experiments verify that this method provides an efficient way to simulate incompressible viscous flows around moving airfoils.     

入水问题的求解及其相关的工程应用(英文)

For solving water entry problems, a numerical method is presented, which is a CFD method based on free surface capturing method and Cartesian cut cell mesh. In this approach, incompressible Euler equations for a variable density fluid are numerically calculated by the finite volume method. Then artificial compressibility method, dual time-stepping technique and Roe’s approximate Riemann solver are adopted in the numerical scheme. Finally, some application cases are designed to show the ability of the current method to cope with water entry problems in ocean engineering.