瓯江口航道淤积特征分析

根据实测水文泥沙和水深图资料,对瓯江口航道的淤积特征进行了分析.研究结果表明:工程海区潮汐属于正规半日潮类型,为强潮海区;工程海区潮流性质属于不规则半日浅海潮流,潮流运动呈往复流形式;航道水域范围多年来总体上处于0 m浅滩水域略有淤积、0 m下深槽略有冲刷,总体呈现略有冲淤变化的平衡状态;瓯江航道泥沙淤积主要发生在汛期...     

天津新港泥沙淤积变化分析和深水泊位合理布置

根据实测资料和有关研究成果,对天津港各阶段港池与航道的淤积规律进行了系统的总结分析,阐明泥沙淤积变化及减淤效果的因果关系。     

黄骅港煤炭港区5万吨级航道淤积及日常维护量分析

黄骅港煤炭港区航道的淤积,特别是骤淤问题是影响港区发展的重要因素,为了保证港区的快速发展以及运营安全,文章利用实测淤积资料、疏浚资料和数学模型研究了平均年动力条件下黄骅港煤炭港区航道淤积沿程分布,从实测和数值模拟的角度弄清了航道淤积的时间和空间上的分布规律,并根据港区现有的疏浚力量分析了一年中不同月份维护疏浚量的分布,以期为疏浚组织安排提供决策依据。     

长江万州至长寿河段泥沙淤积特性研究

三峡水库蓄水后,库区河段泥沙淤积较蓄水前发生了较大变化。对三峡库区实测资料及多年库区冲淤变化分析表明:三峡库区的淤积形态与河型有关——弯曲河段和分汊河段淤积较为严重,顺直河段淤积相对较少。对长江万州至长寿河段典型河型进行冲淤分析,为进一步研究提供参考。     

广东台山电厂煤港泥沙淤积问题研究

在现场实测水文泥沙资料的基础上.本文通过水文泥沙分析、二维潮流数学模型计算、泥沙淤积计算及泥沙淤积物理模型试验等手段.对煤港工程泥沙淤积问题进行了分析研究.弄清了港址附近海域泥沙来源、泥沙特性及水流泥沙运动规律.对煤港方案泥沙淤积量进行了预报.从泥沙淤积角度论证了煤港建设的可行性.     

天津港泥沙淤积规律及发展趋势

根据大量的现场实测资料和有关研究成果，对天津港各阶段港池及航道淤积规律进行了系统的总结分析，并结合深水码头改造工程，阐明了泥沙淤积规律、发展趋势及减淤效果的因果关系。     

天津港外海岛式油码头工程泥沙淤积

通过天津港大量实测资料的对比分析 ,研究了泥沙淤积变化的特点 ,并对天津港在外海建岛式深水码头工程的可行性进行了论述     

湛江湾外深水航道淤积特征及原因分析

湛江湾外航道位于广东省雷州半岛北部，基于近期湛江湾外30万t级航道实测地形数据以及多年海图等资料，分析了湛江湾外深水航道淤积特征，并对其淤积成因进行了探讨。结果表明，湛江湾外深水航道淤积主要集中在B点东西两侧K17+000～K31+000,航道平均淤强在0.44～0.65 m;中线北侧航道淤积强度和淤积量均大于南侧，且这种淤积态势将继续存在；航道南北两侧浅滩就地搬运的泥沙为航道回淤的主要泥沙来源，航道B点附近海域北侧浅滩泥沙在侵蚀后自北向南搬运，形成底沙输移，是目前航道B点附近淤积量较大的主要原因；南侧浅滩不会对航道的淤积构成威胁。     

粉沙质海岸的泥沙运动和外航道淤积

文章分析了粉沙质海岸泥沙运动特性和粉沙质海岸外航道泥沙淤积特点,针对粉沙质海岸存在的悬移质、推移质和近底流移质3种泥沙运移形态,提出了计算粉沙质海岸外航道淤积的三层模式,并推导了临底流移质淤积计算的实用公式,进而建立了适用于粉沙质海岸外航道淤积的实用公式,并以黄骅港实测资料为依据,计算了黄骅港曾出现的大风淤积,并与实测结果进行对比,结果显示趋势一致、量级吻合,公式可推广应用。     

铜鼓航道泥沙淤积计算及其分析

根据现场实测资料 ,分析了铜鼓海区水流泥沙特征 ,并利用经验公式 ,计算了不同航道方案的淤积强度和淤积量     

洋山港区一期工程港池水域水文泥沙分析

利用 2 0 0 0 - 0 1～ 0 2洋山港区一期工程港池水域水文泥沙原体观测资料 ,分析研究了工程区水域潮流运动与泥沙分布的特征 ,并由此进一步分析研究了影响泥沙沉速的成因 ,以及泥沙的解絮与沉积     

第34-08版《国际海运危险货物规则》新规定解析

第34-08版《国际海运危险货物规则》将于2010年1月1日全球强制生效。为更好地为我国海事主管机关履约提供参考,文中对本版规则中新增加的规定及要求有所变化的条款进行了重点剖析。针对各项修订,笔者结合海事监管实际,提出了具有针对性的建议。     

Stability assessment for intact ships in the light of model experiments

A systematic method for assessing intact ship stability with a free-running model in a seakeeping and maneuvering basin is proposed in this paper. Model experiments were carried out in extremely steep regular waves for a model drifting, running in head seas, and quartering seas. This method was applied to two purse seiners, and efficiently identified thresholds in metacentric heights for capsizing of these ships. These capsizing thresholds are compared with requirements of the IMO Code on Intact Stability. This series of model experiments also confirms that capsizing at the threshold occurs only in quartering seas, and shows that capsizing is caused by broaching, loss of stability on a wave crest, or bow diving. Received for publication on Jan. 20, 1999; accepted on July 6, 1999     

计算圆度误差的几种方法

介绍三种评定圆度误差的方法。根据其理论推导过程,简析它们的特点和各自适用范围。     

《国际危规》第33套修正案跟踪及海事部门的对策研究

文中对2008年1月1日生效的《国际危规》第33套修正案主要修正内容进行了介绍，并结合海事部门管理实际，对新修正内容提出了管理对策，旨在提高我国的海事履约能力。     

Accommodating perceptual conditioning in the valuation of expected travel time savings for cars and public transport

Travel time variability (i.e., random variations in travel time) leads to a travel time distribution for a repeated trip from a fixed origin to destination (e.g., from home to work). To represent travel time variability, a series of possible travel times per alternative (departure time, route or mode) are often used in stated choice experiments. In the traditional models, the probabilities associated with different travel scenarios (e.g., arriving early, on time and late) shown in the experiments are directly used as weights. However, evidence from psychology suggests that the shown probabilities may be transformed (underweighted or overweighted) by respondents. To account for this transformation of probabilities, this study incorporates perceptual conditioning through a non-linear probability weighting function into a utility maximisation framework, within which the empirical estimate of the value of expected travel time savings is estimated. The key advantage of this framework is that the estimated willingness to pay value can be directly linked to the source of utility (i.e., the probability distribution of travel time), while taking into account the perceptual transformation of probabilities.     

H ∞ control design to include nonlinearities. First report: saturation of the rudder

In designing a control system for large vessels, there are two kinds of nonlinearities which must be considered. One is the nonlinearity in equations of motion and the other is the saturation in control devices such as engine output or rudders. These nonlinearities can strongly affect the performance of the control system. A new method to deal with the nonlinearity of saturation has been proposed in this paper. The saturation is considered as a variation of gain in the system. A control system with gain variation can be designed by H _∞ control theory. As an example, a course-keeping control system for a course-unstable ship has been presented. The results show that the method proposed is effective. Received for publication on Jan. 26, 2000; accepted on April 4, 2000     

Primary productivity of the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research Area and the Southern Ocean

A major objective of the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (Palmer LTER) project is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the various components of the Antarctic marine ecosystem. Phytoplankton production plays a key role in this so-called high nutrient, low chlorophyll environment, and factors that regulate production include those that control cell growth (light, temperature, and nutrients) and those that control cell accumulation rate and hence population growth (water column stability, grazing, and sinking). Sea ice mediates several of these factors and frequently conditions the water column for a spring bloom which is characterized by a pulse of production restricted in both time and space. This study models the spatial and temporal variability of primary production within the Palmer LTER area west of the Antarctic Peninsula and discusses this production in the context of historical data for the Southern Ocean. Primary production for the Southern Ocean and the Palmer LTER area have been computed using both light-pigment production models [Smith, R.C., Bidigare, R.R., Prézelin, B.B., Baker, K.S., Brooks, J.M., 1987. Optical characterization of primary productivity across a coastal front. Mar. Biol. (96), 575–591; Bidigare, R.R., Smith, R.C., Baker, K.S., Marra, J., 1987. Oceanic primary production estimates from measurements of spectral irradiance and pigment concentrations. Global Biogeochem. Cycles (1), 171–186; Morel, A., Berthon, J.F., 1989. Surface pigments, algal biomass profiles and potential production of the euphotic layer—relationships reinvestigated in view of remote-sensing applications. Limnol. Oceanogr. (34), 1545–1562] and an ice edge production model [Nelson, D.M., Smith, W.O., 1986. Phytoplankton bloom dynamics of the western Ross Sea ice edge: II. Mesoscale cycling of nitrogen and silicon. Deep-Sea Res. (33), 1389–1412; Wilson, D.L., Smith, W.O., Nelson, D.M., 1986. Phytoplankton bloom dynamics of the Western Ross Sea ice edge: I. primary productivity and species-specific production. Deep-Sea Res., 33, 1375–1387; Smith, W.O., Nelson, D.M., 1986. Importance of ice edge phytoplankton production in the Southern Ocean. BioScience (36), 251–257]. Chlorophyll concentrations, total photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) and sea ice concentrations were derived from satellite data. These same parameters, in addition to hydrodynamic conditions, have also been determined from shipboard and Palmer Station observations during the LTER program. Model results are compared, sensitivity studies evaluated, and productivity of the Palmer LTER region is discussed in terms of its space time distribution, seasonal and interannual variability, and overall contribution to the marine ecology of the Southern Ocean.     

Air–sea gas transfer velocity estimates from the Jason-1 and TOPEX altimeters: Prospects for a long-term global time series

Estimation of global and regional air–sea fluxes of climatically important gases is a key goal of current climate research programs. Gas transfer velocities needed to compute these fluxes can be estimated by combining altimeter-derived mean square slope with an empirical relation between transfer velocity and mean square slope derived from field measurements of gas fluxes and small-scale wave spectra [Frew, N.M., Bock, E.J., Schimpf, U., Hara, T., Hauβecker, H., Edson, J.B., McGillis, W.R., Nelson, R.K., McKenna, S.P., Uz, B.M., Jähne, B., 2004. Air–sea gas transfer: Its dependence on wind stress, small-scale roughness and surface films, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C08S17, doi: 10.1029/2003JC002131.]. We previously reported initial results from a dual-frequency (Ku- and C-band) altimeter algorithm [Glover, D.M., Frew, N.M., McCue, S.J., Bock, E.J., 2002. A Multi-year Time Series of Global Gas Transfer Velocity from the TOPEX Dual Frequency, Normalized Radar Backscatter Algorithm, In: Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, editors: Donelan, M., Drennan, W., Saltzman, E., and Wanninkhof, R., Geophysical Monograph 127, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 325–331.] for estimating the air–sea gas transfer velocity (k) from the mean square slope of short wind waves (40–100 rad/m) and derived a 6-year time series of global transfer velocities based on TOPEX observations. Since the launch of the follow-on altimeter Jason-1 in December 2001 and commencement of the TOPEX/Jason-1 Tandem Mission, we have extended this time series to 12 years, with improvements to the model parameters used in our algorithm and using the latest corrected data releases. The prospect of deriving multi-year and interdecadal time series of gas transfer velocity from TOPEX, Jason-1 and follow-on altimeter missions depends on precise intercalibration of the normalized backscatter. During the Tandem Mission collinear phase, both satellites followed identical orbits with a mere 73-s time separation. The resulting collocated, near-coincident normalized radar backscatter (σ°) data from both altimeters present a unique opportunity to intercalibrate the two instruments, compare derived fields of transfer velocity and estimate the precision of the algorithm. Initial results suggest that the monthly gas transfer velocity fields generated from the two altimeters are very similar. Comparison of along-track Ku-band and C-band σ° during the collinear phase indicates that observed discrepancies are due primarily to small offsets between TOPEX and Jason-1 σ°. The Jason-1 k values have an apparent bias of + 4% relative to TOPEX, while the precision estimated from the two observation sets is 5–7% and scales with k. The resultant long-term, global, mean k is 16 cm/h.     

Comparison between a reanalyzed product by 3-dimensional variational assimilation technique and observations in the Ulleung Basin of the East/Japan Sea

Reanalyzed products from a MOM3-based East Sea Regional Ocean Model with a 3-dimentional variational data assimilation module (DA-ESROM), have been compared with the observed hydrographic and current datasets in the Ulleung Basin (UB) of the East/Japan Sea (EJS). Satellite-borne sea surface temperature and sea surface height data, and in-situ temperature profiles have been assimilated into the DA-ESROM. The performance of the DA-ESROM appears to be efficient enough to be used in an operational ocean forecast system.Comparing with the results from Mitchell et al. [Mitchell, D. A., Watts, D. R., Wimbush, M., Teague, W.J., Tracey, K. L., Book, J. W., Chang, K.-I., Suk, M.-S., Yoon, J.-H., 2005a. Upper circulation patterns in the Ulleung Basin. Deep-Sea Res. II, 52, 1617-1638.], the DA-ESROM fairly well simulates the high variability of the Ulleung Warm Eddy and Dok Cold Eddy as well as the branching of the Tsushima Warm Current in the UB. The overall root-mean-square error between 100 m temperature field reproduced by the DA-ESROM and the observed 100-dbar temperature field is 2.1 °C, and the spatially averaged grid-to-grid correlation between the two temperature fields is high with a mean value of 0.79 for the inter-comparison period.The DA-ESROM reproduces the development of strong southward North Korean Cold Current (NKCC) in summer consistent with the observational results, which is thought to be an improvement of the previous numerical models in the EJS. The reanalyzed products show that the NKCC is about 35 km wide, and flows southward along the Korean coast from spring to summer with maximum monthly mean volume transport of about 0.8 Sv in August–September.