城轨交通新选择——小型单轨系统

1概况 首个城市跨座式单轨系统--东京单轨,于1964年投入运营.跨座式单轨系统利用普通公路之上的空间,因此不会干扰日常的交通;而带橡胶轮的独轨车辆具有环保,低噪声和低振动的特点.     

Development of a hull form definition tool with a related knowledge-based advisory system

The development of a parametric hull form design system utilizing combined knowledge-based and objectoriented methodologies, approaches, and techniques is the major purpose of this research. One objective was the development of a powerful, intuitive, and parameter-based hull definition system with a related hull definition advisory system that would provide useful and necessary advice to the user. Object and knowledge modeling activities were conducted during the analysis and design stage to facilitate the implementation of a hull design program and advisory system. The hull design system includes the generation of a geometric model from a process of aggregating simple user-selected shapes representing different boundaries. Design involves the capability to vary simple parameters such as entrance angles, length-breadth ratios, and radii to define local and general surface geometries. Hydrostatic calculations are included for analysis; results are referred to an advisory system for evaluation and the determination of the acceptability of parameters and analysis results. The advisory system includes a knowledge bases consisting of hull form databases, results of the statistical analysis of data, design parameter constraints, and expert knowledge acquired from designers, reference materials, and technical reports. Use of the design tool with the advisory system results in the rapid generation of hull forms and associated design evaluations. Flexibility in decision making results from the separation of the design system from the advisory system. The independence of the two systems allows for a wide range of user experience with experts using the design tool with minimal reference to the advisory system. On the other hand, the expertise and knowledge stored in the advisory system is fully available to inexperienced designers and users.     

H ∞ control design to include nonlinearities. First report: saturation of the rudder

In designing a control system for large vessels, there are two kinds of nonlinearities which must be considered. One is the nonlinearity in equations of motion and the other is the saturation in control devices such as engine output or rudders. These nonlinearities can strongly affect the performance of the control system. A new method to deal with the nonlinearity of saturation has been proposed in this paper. The saturation is considered as a variation of gain in the system. A control system with gain variation can be designed by H _∞ control theory. As an example, a course-keeping control system for a course-unstable ship has been presented. The results show that the method proposed is effective. Received for publication on Jan. 26, 2000; accepted on April 4, 2000     

Retrospect and prospect of “Traffic Safety Education” in Kagawa Prefecture

The aim of this paper is to explain why we have conducted “Traffic Safety Education” in the Kagawa Prefecture during the past ten years so as to clarify the important factors for preventing painful traffic accidents in advance. To meet this aim, we firstly clarify the reason why we eventually decided to conduct “Traffic Safety Education” in the Kagawa Prefecture. In other words, the organization of powerful actors and/or leaders to cope with traffic accidents plays a very important role in “Traffic Safety Education.” Then, we specifically describe the essential parts of our “Traffic Safety Education”. In this respect, we have decided to select the following two aims: to reduce the number of traffic accidents, and to improve traffic manners, respectively. Thirdly, we evaluate various measures, such as teaching materials, teaching methods, and other activities of our “Traffic Safety Education” in detail. Lastly, we summarize the remaining tasks, which have been revealed so far, together with some concluding remarks.     

Relation between the lifting surface theory and the lifting line theory in the design of an optimum screw propeller

A theory on an optimum screw propeller is described. The optimum means optimum efficiency of a propeller, that is, maximizing thrust horse power for a given shaft horse power. The theory is based on the propeller lifting surface theory. Circulation density (lift density) of the blade is determined by the lifting surface theory on a specified condition in general. However, it is shown that, in the case of optimum condition, the circulation density is not determined by the lifting surface theory, although the circulation distribution which is the chordwise integral of the circulation density is determined. The reason is that the governing equation of the optimization by the lifting surface theory is reduced to that by the lifting line theory. This theoretical deduction is the main part of this paper. The importance of the lifting line theory in the design of the optimum propeller is made clear. Numerical calculations support the conclusion from the deduction. This is shown in the case of freely running propellers and in the case of wake adapted propellers.     

H∞ control design to include nonlinearities. Second report: nonlinearities in equations of motion

In our first report, a method to deal with the nonlinearity of saturation was proposed. A method of dealing with nonlinearity in equations of motion is proposed in this paper. The nonlinear equations of motion are expressed as variations of linear equations of motion. The nonlinear equations can be linearized around a specific point with a tangential plane or line. Accordingly, nonlinear equations effective in a certain domain can be obtained by variations in this tangential line. A control system with varying elements can be designed using the general H _∞ control theory. As an example, we present a speed and heading changing system for large vessels at low speeds during berthing maneuvers, where the equation will vary during motion. The nonlinearity of the equations is caused by the speeds. The control system is essentially designed to be robust in disturbance and noise. In this example, the saturation in the propeller is also considered using the method proposed in the first report. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is effective. Received: February 20, 2001 / Accepted: December 11, 2001     

Model and full scale CFD analysis of propeller boss cap fins (PBCF)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses of propeller boss cap fins (PBCF) were carried out for two different propellers at model and full scale Reynolds numbers with two different inflow conditions. Computations corresponding to the reverse propeller open test (POT) experiment were confirmed to be in a good agreement with the measurement. The results of computations at different conditions have shown that increased Reynolds number and presence of hull wake both positively influence the effects of PBCF. Due to the combined effect of the Reynolds number and the wake, the gain in the propeller efficiency at the full scale condition was found to be significantly larger than that at the model test condition. The detailed investigation of the results suggested that the fin drag becomes smaller and the reduction of the boss drag becomes larger at the full scale condition. However, the predicted gain is still smaller than the values reported in the sea trial and logbook analysis. The remaining gap may be attributed to the difference in the estimated and actual wake distribution or to other factors such as interactions with hull and rudder, surface roughness, unsteadiness and hub vortex cavitation.