采用遗传算法进行球鼻艏优化的流体动力计算(英文)

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) plays a major role in predicting the flow behavior of a ship.With the development of fast computers and robust CFD software,CFD has become an important tool for designers and engineers in the ship industry.In this paper,the hull form of a ship was optimized for total resistance using CFD as a calculation tool and a genetic algorithm as an optimization tool.CFD based optimization consists of major steps involving automatic generation of geometry based on design parameters,automatic generation of mesh,automatic analysis of fluid flow to calculate the required objective/cost function,and finally an optimization tool to evaluate the cost for optimization.In this paper,integration of a genetic algorithm program,written in MATLAB,was carried out with the geometry and meshing software GAMBIT and CFD analysis software FLUENT.Different geometries of additive bulbous bow were incorporated in the original hull based on design parameters.These design variables were optimized to achieve a minimum cost function of "total resistance".Integration of a genetic algorithm with CFD tools proves to be effective for hull form optimization.     

A sensitivity analysis of a hull’s local characteristic parameters on ship resistance performance

Simulation-based design hull form optimization has become one of the most effective ways to develop energy-saving ships. However, the traditional method is time consuming and inefficient, so it is difficult to apply it to practical engineering. One of the reasons for this difficulty is that there are numerous parameters for expressing the hull form, making it difficult to find the optimal solution within a short amount of time. Therefore, this paper presents a sensitivity analysis method based on radial basis function and partial least squares regression neural network with uniform design for sampling, to study the sensitivity of local hull parameters of a class of container ships on wave-making resistance performance, and to reduce the number of dimensions in the design space. According to the results of sensitivity analysis, the parameters that are of negligible influence on the objective function can be removed from the optimization model. Comparison of results of the original model and the simplified model shows that the presented sensitivity analysis method can effectively reduce the dimension of the design space so that the time consumed to achieve the optimum is decreased.     

Development of a computer-aided process planning system based on a knowledge base

 Process planning for a hull structure defines the assembly sequence of the hull block. Although this activity is very important because the working strategy defines the production costs, to date it has been done manually. To raise the efficiency of this process, we developed a practical computer-aided process planning system. It has been developed using deliverables obtained from advanced computer integrated manufacturing system (CIM; ACIM) for shipbuilding projects sponsored by the Ship and Ocean Foundation (SOF). The system has a knowledge base which contains the know-how of skilled designers as well as design practices, and allows the assembly sequence of hull parts and intermediate products to be defined automatically. The system has been integrated with the shipyard CAD system MATES, and put to practical use. Received: August 19, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002 Address correspondence to: Y. Sasaki (yuuichi_sasaki@mhi.co.jp) Updated from the Japanese original, which won the 2002 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2001;189:309–315)     

基于设计特征的FRIENDSHIP船型参数化方法及实现

船型设计是船舶总体设计中一项极其复杂且又重要的内容,船舶的结构设计、性能计算、总布置等都要以船型为依据,因此,如何实现船型参数化设计尤为重要。FRIENDSHIP系统为船型设计提供了基于Feature特征和仿真驱动设计的参数化方法和实现机制。在对船型参数化基本理论———特征参数、特征曲线和曲面生成等进行详细阐述的基础上,以某型船艉部裸船体为例,具体阐述了船型参数化的实现流程,以及以Feature、Curveengine和Meta surface为特征机制的船型参数化的具体步骤。以Feature特征为核心的船型参数化方法不仅能为船型曲面的快速建立提供技术支撑,还可以为性能分析和优化提供基础条件。     

基于互联网的船型设计与航速预报应用服务系统

在702研究所微机版软件系统SHIDS3.0的基础上,开发了基于互联网的、界面友好的在线式船型设计与航速预报应用服务系统SHIDSweb。重点介绍了该软件的开发过程、技术优势及其应用情况、收费与网络用户管理机制、用户开发及未来发展计划。用户可根据船舶主尺度和主机参数,通过互联网应用该系统快速进行船型设计、静水力计算、阻力及自航因子估算、螺旋桨设计及航速预报,并对该船型进行耐波性和操纵性初步估算。该系统同时提供了船型几何及其快速性能试验结果的数据库查询。     

特征驱动的T样条船体曲面参数化设计方法研究

为提高船体曲面生成和修改的便捷性、灵活性,提高船型优化设计效率,并且克服NURBS曲面表征船体曲面的一些不足,提出一种基于T样条技术的船体曲面参数化设计方法.将船体曲面特征参数分为全局、船首、船中和船尾4组,依据这些参数建立T样条控制网格,用单一的T样条曲面即可完成船体曲面和局部特征造型,大大减少了控制点数量.通过特征参数直接驱动船体曲面调整,使船型修改变得直观和简便,且更具有针对性.以典型水面舰船船体曲面表征为例,说明所提方法在船体曲面造型及修改方面的能力和优势,该方法可大大提高船型优化设计效率,具有较大的理论意义和实用价值.     

FPSO模块支墩结构形式与设计原则

依据不同的功能要求,浮式生产卸货装置(FPSO)的主甲板上设置多个工艺模块平台,每一个模块架构平台与FPSO主船体的连接结构——模块支墩,是FPSO结构设计的关键技术,其可靠性和实用性将直接影响FPSO生产流程的正常运转。结合近20多年来对FPSO的设计经验,提出了模块支墩设计的不同理念及结构设计特点,并对多型FPSO的模块支墩分析对比其形式特点、适用性及优缺点,同时从工程设计经验角度,阐述了模块支墩的结构设计原则和结构强度的分析计算及算例。所提供的设计原则及相应的经验可供相关设计人员借鉴。     

Hull-girder reliability of new generation oil tankers

A series of new generation oil tankers is presently under construction. These ships differ from traditional oil tankers by their unusual form and therefore direct hydrodynamic analysis is used to determine design vertical wave bending moments instead of adopting IACS rule values. The purpose of the paper is to quantify changes in hull-girder reliability resulting from the new design features. To achieve this, first-order reliability analysis is carried out with respect to ultimate collapse bending moment of the midship cross section of a new generation oil tanker and of a conventional “rule” designed oil tanker. The stochastic model of wave-induced bending moment is derived from direct hydrodynamic analysis performed according to IACS Recommendation No. 34 Standard Wave Data, Rev 1, 2000. The probability distribution of the still water bending moment is assumed based on the data from loading manuals. The model uncertainties of linear wave loads, non-linearity of the response as well as load combination factors are included in the reliability formulation. The reliability analysis is performed for three relevant loading conditions: full load, ballast and partial load and for two states of the hull: the “as-built” hull and “corroded” hull according to anticipated 20-year corrosion. One of the most interesting conclusions from the study is that the annual hull-girder reliability of new generation oil tanker is increased considerably compared to the conventional oil tanker. Sensitivity and parametric studies are performed with respect to random variables representing modelling uncertainties. The results of a sensitivity study enable sorting of pertinent variables according to their relative importance, while parametric study is used to quantify changes in the reliability indices for moderate variation of input parameters. Furthermore, some other results and discussions are presented pointing out the benefits of introducing the ship reliability methods in design practice, especially if this refers to new designs.     

Evaluation of added resistance in regular incident waves by computational fluid dynamics motion simulation using an overlapping grid system

A computational fluid dynamics simulation method called WISDAM-X was developed to evaluate the added resistance of ships in waves. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation was solved by the finite-volume method and a MAC-type solution algorithm. An overlapping grid system was employed to implement rigorous wave generation, the interactions of ships with incident waves, and the resultant ship motions. The motion of the ship is simultaneously solved by combining the solution of the motion of the ship with the solution of the flow about the ship. The free surface is captured by treatment by the density-function method. The accuracy of WISDAM-X is examined by a comparison with experimental data from a container carrier hull form, and shows a fairly good agreement with respect to ship motion and added resistance. Simulations were also conducted for a bow-form series of a medium-speed tanker to examine the effectiveness of the WISDAM-X method as a design tool for a hull form with a smaller resistance in waves. It was confirmed that the WISDAM-X method can evaluate the added resistance with sufficient relative accuracy and can be used as a design tool for ships.     

不同航速下船体波浪诱导运动和载荷计算研究

应用三维时域水动力理论,以挪威船级社（DNV）的WASIM程序系统作为主要工具,分析研究了一条在国际航线上航行的某一集装箱船的水动力特性,包括船体运动与波浪诱导载荷的规律,给出了不同航速下的船体运动特性和剖面诱导载荷百年一遇长期预报结果,深入分析了船体的航速效应,为船体设计中船体波浪载荷设计提供了参考依据。     

Scantling optimization based on convex linearizations and a dual approach—Part II

The development of the LBR-5 “Stiffened Panels Software” is included in the development of a new design methodology to ease and to improve preliminary studies of naval structures and floating hydraulic structures. It allows, as of the first draft, an optimization of the scantling of the structure's constituent elements. The ultimate target is to link standard design tools (steel structure CAD, hull form, hydrostatic curves, floating stability, weight estimation, etc.) with a rational optimization design module and a minimum construction cost (or minimum weight) objective function. It is developed to be a user-oriented tool. The optimization module is composed of three basic modules (OPTI, CONSTRAINT and COST) and a group of sub-modules (in external databases). Among these the user selects a set of relevant sub-modules (i.e. geometrical and structural constraints). Since the present optimization deals with least construction costs (as objective function), and uses an explicit objective function (not empirical), the user must specify labor costs (unitary material costs, welding, cutting, etc.). This paper is the second part of a series of two articles. The previous paper focused on the ‘Module-Oriented Optimization’ methodology and on the rational constraints (Rigo, Marine Structures 2001). This paper presents the optimization algorithm based on convex linearization and a dual approach (OPTI module). It also includes the optimization of a FSO unit as a detailed example.     

参数化的船型设计方法

根据特征参数和特征线,生成光顺的船体线型是造船工作者梦寐以求的目标。基于光顺曲线的参数化设计,提出了参数化的船型设计方法。该方法可根据特征参数和特征线快速开发出具有优秀航行性能的、光顺的船舶型线。设计实例表明了该设计方法的可行性。     

基于知识工程的船体结构快速设计

在确保安全的前提下,快速设计出优秀船体结构并实现快速修改是船舶设计师梦寐以求的目标。针对这一目标,提出了基于知识工程的船体结构快速设计方法,引入船体结构知识本体的概念,将知识工程原理和参数化技术相结合,对船体结构设计知识库的建立进行了研究,实现了船体结构三维快速设计。设计中设计船的结构构件位置通过位置参数确定,构件尺寸通过母型知识库并运用函数插值再结合规范要求获得。实例表明,该方法将设计知识嵌入到船体结构知识本体中,既有助于设计知识的保留和再利用,又能实现对设计结果的自动检查,进而快速获得合理的船体结构。     

The compressive behavior of advanced double hull structure—A review of current research at David Taylor

It has long been recognized that the compressive behavior of primary ship structural components plays a vital role in the design of surface ship hulls. This is equally as true for the new advanced double hull concept as it is for the more conventional surface ship configurations. What is different, however, is the nature of the structural mechanics phenomena which must be addressed due to the double hull's more radical departure from conventional design and construction practices. With increasing interest and attention being shown in this new concept, the David Taylor Model Basin has over the past few years initiated a number of research efforts which have and are continuing to address various aspects of the behavior of double hulls and their components to primary compressive loadings. These studies have as their ultimate goal the development of practical, user oriented design methods for double hull structure and as such currently focus on more approximate, rather than mathematically rigorous, approaches to the various structural phenomena being considered. This paper is in essence a progress report on a selected number of these efforts and describes the results achieved to date as well as the ongoing efforts and those planned for the future. This report focuses primarily on three recent studies: (1) a preliminary look at the relative significance of local versus general instability failure of double hull structure; (2) small scale experimental analysis of double hull sections using rigid vinyl modelling; and (3) the application of beam-on-elastic-foundation analysis methods for high aspect stiffened plates as it relates to double hull structure. In addition to these major topics, the report also includes a brief discussion of other ongoing and planned efforts relevant to the advanced double hull.     

Least-weight topology and size optimization of high speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure by genetic algorithm

Selection of the “best” or “optimum” engineering design has always been a major concern of designers. Reduction of hull weight is the most important aim in the structural design of many ship types. But the ability of designers to produce optimal designs of ship structures is severely limited by the calculation techniques available for this task. Complete definition of the optimal structural design requires formulation of size–topology–shape–material optimization task unifying optimization problems from four areas and effective solution of the problem. So far a significant progress towards solution of this problem has not been achieved. In other hand in recent years attempts have been made to apply genetic algorithm (GA) optimization techniques to design of ship structures. An objective of the paper was to create a computer code and investigate a possibility of simultaneous optimization of both topology and scantlings of structural elements of large spatial sections of ships using GA. In the paper GA is applied to solve the problem of weight minimization of a high speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure with several design variables as dimensions of the plate thickness, longitudinal stiffeners and transverse frames and spacing between longitudinals and transversal members. Results of numerical experiments obtained using the code are presented. They show that GA can be an efficient optimization tool for simultaneous design of topology and sizing high speed craft structures.     

基于知识的船体结构快速设计及优化

在确保安全的前提下,快速设计出优秀船体结构并实现快速修改是船舶设计师梦寐以求的目标。文章针对这一目标,提出了基于知识的船体结构快速设计方法,引入船体结构知识本体的概念,将知识工程原理和参数化技术相结合,对船体结构设计知识库的建立进行了研究,实现了船体结构三维快速优化设计。设计中设计船的结构构件位置通过位置参数确定,构件尺寸通过母型知识库并运用NURBS函数插值再结合规范要求获得,对主要结构采用量子行为遗传算法进行优化。实例表明,该方法将设计知识嵌入到船体结构知识本体中,既有助于设计知识的保留和再利用,又能实现对设计结果的自动检查,进而快速获得合理的船体结构。     

Multi-fidelity optimization of a high-speed foil-assisted semi-planing catamaran for low wake

The wakes of high-speed passenger-only ferries that operated through Rich Passage, on the Seattle-Bremerton ferry route, caused beach erosion and damage to habitat. A task was initiated to design a low-wake high-speed vessel using multi-fidelity CFD based design optimization by using low-fidelity potential flow solvers for initial global design optimization and by using URANS solvers for high-fidelity tuning of the optimized design. This simulation based design process involved a close collaboration between ship designers, and hydrodynamics and CFD specialists, whose collective expertise guided the evolution of the design based on both hydrodynamic and structural aspects. The initial hull shape optimization using potential flow code was carried out by blending three different initial concepts provided by the designers. Subsequently, URANS was used to evaluate the potential flow optimized hull and to further optimize the hull configuration parameters, namely, the centre-of-gravity, demihull spacing, foil location, foil angle and slenderness ratio at different displacement conditions. The URANS based configuration optimization also took into account the far field wakes’ energy spectrum with an objective of reducing the energetic, low frequency far field wakes which are associated with beach flattening on the mixed sand and gravel beaches. Calculation of the far field wake using URANS would require an unfeasibly large domain size; therefore, a Havelock code with a source distribution matching the URANS calculated near field wave elevation was used to propagate the wakes into the far field. The end result of the optimization was a design with significantly reduced far field wake, which is currently being built for experimental testing.     

小水线面单体船船型与阻力研究

对一种新型高性能船-小水线面单体船的船型与阻力性能作探索性研究,通过船型分析与设计计算,提出了两种小水线面单体船的船型方案,绘制了其中一种型线简图,结合理论计算、模型试验与经验公式方法,对设计船型的阻力性能进行了分析,阐述了小水线面单体船各阻力成分分配特性、主船体部分几何参数、潜深、支柱形状对阻力影响的规律.     

基于综合航行性能最佳的大型船舶船型参数的一种设计方法

本文提出了一种在复杂航态条件下基于船舶综合航行性能最佳的船型参数确定方法,编制了计算软件.大量计算结果表明:软件运行稳定性好、可靠性高.使用该软件能方便地得到各设计变量的航行性能综合最优可能性分布函数,该函数直观地反映了船舶最佳综合航行性能随单个设计变量的变化规律,为解决设计变量间对于性能综合贡献量化比较和船舶多航态情况下船舶综合航行性能最佳的船型参数确定提供了一种具有实用价值的方法;为船舶设计方案的综合评估、船舶参数的综合决策和提高船舶设计效率准备了条件.     

三体船分段模型波浪载荷试验研究

三体船的主体与连接桥结构的波浪载荷特性是船舶结构设计者非常关注的问题,目前对于这些载荷特性进行较为全面的模型试验研究在国内很少。该文在拖曳水池和方形水池开展了某三体船的分段模型试验,详细介绍了分段模型的设计原则,对于纵向载荷和横向载荷的测量采用不同的分段布置形式。通过对试验数据的分析及与理论计算的对比,对三体船横摇运动非线性修正方法加以改进,同时研究了该三体船的船舯横剖面和连接桥纵剖面的波浪载荷特征,得出了一些结论,为船舶结构设计提供了确定设计载荷的依据。