对上海嘉定老城区交通问题及其改善对策的若干思考

随着城市化建设的快速发展，老城区交通的改善与优化是国内众多城市所面临的一个重要课题。本文以上海嘉定老城区为例，对其在城市化快速发展过程中出现的交通问题进行了分析，并从老城区交通改善原则与对策方面提出了相应建议，以期为国内类似老城区的交通改善提供有益的借鉴。     

桂林市老城区分流交通保护圈规划设计

文章基于桂林市老城区交通现状，分析了老城区交通存在的主要问题，提出了桂林市老城区分流交通保护圈规划的总体思路，并根据这一思路设计出具体的老城区分流交通保护圈规划方案，为桂林市老城区交通系统规划提供决策依据。     

基于轨道站点的老城区交通改造问题研究

文章以惠州市荔浦风清改造项目为例,分析了老城区交通的特性与存在的问题,提出了老城区交通改造的基本策略,较系统地研究了基于轨道站点的老城区交通改善方法,对其他城市老城区改造有一定的借鉴意义。     

大中型城市老城区中央商务区交通改善对策初探——以抚顺市中央商务区（南站）为例

随着社会经济快速发展,大中型城市老城区中央商务区的交通问题日益突出。为改善该类区域日趋严重的交通问题,本文通过分析该类区域的交通特征及问题,提出了该类区域交通改善的总体工作思路,最后以抚顺市中央商务区(南站)为例,制定了针对性的改善对策及建议。     

老城区交通改善措施探析

正"随着经济日益发展,老城区交通拥堵状况不断受到人们的关注。如何才能有效缓解老城区的交通压力,方便人们出行呢?"随着城市化的不断发展,越来越多的人口涌入了城镇,这使得城市的基础设施建设难以负重。对于一些大城市来说,由于土地资源稀缺,很难对城市的交通道路资源进行改善,尤其在老城区,交通的供给与需求之间的矛盾依旧长期存在。     

桂林市临桂新区与老城区间交通系统规划研究

文章根据临桂新区的总体规划,对临桂新区与老城区之间的交通需求进行了预测分析;以新区与老城区的交通协调发展为研究切入点,确定了新区与老城区间交通系统的发展战略,并对新老城区间的交通通道设计思路进行了阐述.     

美国早期西部交通运输建设的启示

移民西进推动了美国早期的西部交通建设，使其历经了从“税道时代”、“运河时代”到“铁路时代”的发展历程。交通的改善不仅促进了西部的资源开发和城市化，而且深深地影响到美国的政治和社会生活，在开发中，交通运输中的弊端也得到了整治。借鉴其成功经验并吸取其教训，对于我国西部大开发具有非常重要的意义。     

我国西部交通运输开发建设对策

西部大开发的首要问题是加强地区交通运输基础设施建设,目前西部交通运输存在如基础设施布局、交通技术结构、交通区域结构等方面的问题。文章通过对现状、资金、环境、人才因素的考虑,提出了以“强化技术改造,提高运输能力,拓展内外通,适应发展需要”为基本思路的一系列西部交通开发建设对策。     

发挥科技引领作用 振兴西部交通事业

西部交通建设科技项目的实施推动着湖南交通事业又好又快发展，文章总结了湖南省实施西部项目取得的成绩以及其在解决西部山区交通建设关键技术难题中的作用，阐述了湖南省在西部项目成果推广方面采取的措施。     

中国交通大事记(2000年7月份)

<正> 25日 7月21日,中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理吴邦国在四川成都召开的西部开发交通建设工作会议上强调:加快西部交通基础设施建设,为西部大开发当好先行。未来5至10年,要努力使西部地区交通基础设施建设有明显改善;再用10年时间,即到2020年建成西部地区公路骨架网络;再用30年左右的时间,即到下世纪中叶,建成现代化公路运输网络。为此,     

低碳经济背景下河谷型城市交通级配体系研究

文章针对交通方式的合理比例分配问题,提出了交通级配的概念,构建了城市交通级配体系,并基于对西部河谷型城市道路网络特征的分析,以兰州市为例,提出了相应的交通管理措施,为城市绿色交通建设的实现提供方法借鉴。     

Exploring public bicycle network structure based on complex network theory and shortest path analysis: the public bicycle system in Yixing,China

A well-functioning public bicycle system relates not only to its mode of operation, vehicle allocation, rental station layout and vehicle leasing configuration, but also the bicycle network structure and its formation. However, the latter aspects have been widely overlooked in China. Here, we help to further attract more researchers to conduct relevant studies and make suggestions for the development of public bicycle transport in many small and medium-sized cities across the world. We demonstrate how to explore the public bicycle network structure of a county-level Chinese city – Yixing – known for its clay ware and tourism. We show that complex network theory and shortest path analysis technology are useful in characterizing the public bicycle network structure, in aspects such as network topology, the spatial distribution of sub-networks and traffic flows. Finally, the paper proposes relevant urban planning strategies.     

Empirical assessment of urban traffic congestion

This paper presents an empirical assessment of urban traffic congestion in Central London, UK. Compared with freeways or motorways, urban networks are relatively less studied because of its complexity and availability of required traffic data. This paper introduces the use of automatic number plate recognition technology to analyze the characteristic of urban traffic congestion in Central London. We also present the use of linear regression to diagnose the observed congestion and attribute them to different causes. In particular, we distinguish the observed congestion into two main components: one due to recurrent factors and the other due to nonrecurrent factors. The methodologies are illustrated through a case study of Central London Area. It is found that about 15% of the observed congestion in the region is due to nonrecurrent factors such as accidents, roadwork, special events, and strikes. Given the significance of London, the study will be valuable for transport policy evaluation and appraisal in other global cities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Transport in Tokyo

This paper gives a review of the historical and geographical preconditions as well as of the population and economic development which led to the unique and complex transport systems of Tokyo. Tokyo Metropolis, one of the most populous cities in the world, is located in the National Capital Region of Japan where 32 million people are living today. The special transport problems deriving from this high population density are described in context with the development of employment, transport infrastructure and motorization. Due consideration is given to the influence exerted by the structure of the whole region on the overall traffic behaviour.

Several transport phenomena and problem solutions which are typical of the traffic systems in Tokyo are described, such as the change of rush hour congestion rates depending on subway extension, modal split for different trip purposes in the inner urban area, or information via local radio broadcasts with very short range of transmission.

The main current transport issues are discussed. Though the transport networks in Tokyo are some of the most developed in the world, there is still heavy congestion in rush hours. The basic policy therefore is the further strengthening and improvement of the public transport network.     

Roadway and traffic characteristics for bicycling

The promotion of bicycle transportation includes the provision of suitable infrastructure for cyclists. In order to determine if a road is suitable for bicycling or not, and what improvements need to be made to increase the level of service for bicycles on specific situations, it is important to know how cyclists perceive the characteristics that define the roadway environment. The present paper describes research developed to define which roadway and traffic characteristics are prioritized by users and potential users in the evaluation of quality of roads for bicycling in urban areas of Brazilian medium-sized cities. A focus group discussion identified 14 attributes representing characteristics that describe the quality of roads for bicycling in Brazilian cities. In addition, an attitude survey was applied with individuals to assess their perception on the attributes, along with the importance given to each one of them. The results were analyzed through the Method of Successive Intervals Analysis, which allows the transformation of categorical data into an interval scale. The analysis suggests that both the roadway and traffic characteristics related to segments and those related to intersections are important to the survey respondents. The five most important attributes, in their opinion, are: (1) lane width; (2) motor vehicle speed; (3) visibility at intersections; (4) presence of intersections; and (5) street trees (shading). Therefore, the research suggests that to promote bicycle use in Brazilian medium-sized cities, these attributes must be prioritized.     

The transport energy trade-off: Fuel-efficient traffic versus fuel-efficient cities

Improving fuel efficiency in vehicular traffic by increasing average speeds is shown to have a major trade-off through land use changes and modal shifts that result in an overall loss in fuel efficiency for the total urban area. In Perth, even though vehicles in central areas have a 19% lower fuel efficiency than average due to congestion, the central area residents still use 22% less actual fuel on average due to their locational advantages. On the other hand, outer suburban traffic is 12% more efficient than average but residents use 29% more actual fuel. A comparison of 32 world cities confirms that there is a trade-off between fuel-efficient traffic and fuel-efficient cities. The implications for traffic engineering programmes and road funding are discussed.     

Cooperation in transit delivery in West German metropolitan areas

West Germany is densely populated, averaging 245 inhabitants/km², but varying widely between urban agglomerations and rural areas. Transport volume has increased by 40% since 1970, with virtually all growth due to private automobiles. Since 1981 public transit has been suffering from decreasing demand.A 1964 Expert's Report to the German federal government was the stimulus for initiating an effective funding mechanism for new public transit construction. In 1965 Germany's first federated transit authority was founded for the region of Hamburg.Principal among the goals of any cooperative agreement among transit companies are improvements for the passengers and improvement of revenues for the companies. To attain these ends, two distinct forms of transit aggrements have been developed in Germany: transit cooperative (Verkehrsgemeinschaft) and transit federation (Verkehrsverbund). The former is more suitable for smaller to medium-sized towns, while the latter is more suitable for larger cities. The two types are described in this article.German transit federations during the 1970s succeeded in significantly increasing ridership, while during the 1980s patronage has either remained steady or has declined. Yet transit federations showed much better perfomance than did public transit in general. In terms of costs and revenues, no public transit organization in Germany is able to break even; deficits vary between 42% and 55%. The author concludes, however, that hidden subsidies for automobile traffic are far higher, because of environmental damage and the high social cost of traffic accidents.     

Land Transport Policy and Public Transport in Singapore

Singapore has a sophisticated and efficient system of land transport to serve a growing demand for transportation. Constrained by limited space, a comprehensive set of land transport policies has been in place to balance the growth in transport demand and the effectiveness and efficiency of the land transport system. A multi-pronged approach has been used to achieve the objective of a world-class transportation system. These include integration of urban and transport planning, expansion of the road network and improvement of the transport infrastructure, harnessing the latest technology in network and traffic management, managing vehicle ownership and usage, and improvement and regulations of public transport (Ministry of Transport (MOT) (2003) Policy and Regulations, Land Transport, Available: www.mot.gov.sg, Date of Access: 15 September 2003). Singapore was the first country in the world to introduce various new techniques, notably the Area License Scheme (ALS) in 1975 and the Vehicle Quota System (VQS) in 1990. An Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system replaced the ALS in 1998 to take the role of congestion management, the experience of which has also drawn particular attention from many large cities in the world. In 2003, the world’s first and only fully automatic heavy rail Mass Rapid Transit system was opened to the public, marking a new chapter in Singapore’s innovative approach to solving its land transport problem. This paper reviews the land transport policy implemented in Singapore and pays special emphasis to its public transportation systems.