Investigation on transient dynamic behaviors of low-tension undersea cables

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the dynamic transient behaviors of undersea cables. In this numerical study, the governing equations based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory are adopted, and they can satisfy many applications no matter what the magnitude of the cable tension is. The nonlinear coupled equations are solved by a popular central finite difference method, and the numerical results of transient behaviors are presented when several kinds of surrounding conditions, such as different towing speeds of surface vessel, different currents and waves with various frequencies and amplitudes, are exerted. Then a detailed comparison of the results, including the upper end tension and cable shape in time-domain, is made under the above external excitations, and finally the possible reasons for these are further explained.     

Dynamic Effect Research of Cable-Lead-In Rod on Towed System

This paper aims to research the cable-lead-in rod effect on a towed system through mathematical modeling and numerical simulations. The rod dynamics, as a key part of this study, is modeled using the combination of cable node governing equations and kinematic constraint conditions. As the first attempt to analyze such a problem, the rod is simply treated as an elastic cable segment so as to be incorporated into the dynamics of the cable, and a set of algorithm is then proposed based on the kinematic constraint conditions to fully describe its motions. Meanwhile, the cable and the underwater vehicle are modeled by the traditional lumped mass method and the 6 degree-of-freedom maneuverability equations for submarines respectively; the coupling boundary conditions besides the rod dynamics are also given to form the whole system's model. Several numerical cases are performed to investigate the rod effect on the system in different maneuver situations. Some meaningful conclusions are drawn through comparative analysis.     

Steady state analysis of towed marine cables

Efficient numerical schemes were presented for the steady state solutions of towed marine cables. For most of towed systems, the steady state problem can be resolved into two-point boundary-value problem, or initial value problem in some special cases where the initial values are available directly. A new technique was proposed and attempted to solve the two-point boundary-value problem rather than the conventional shooting method due to its algorithm complexity and low efficiency. First, the boundary conditions are transformed into a set of nonlinear governing equations about the initial values, then bisection method is employed to solve these nonlinear equations with the aid of 4th order Runge-Kutta method. In common sense, non-uniform (sheared) current is assumed, which varies in magnitude and direction with depth. The schemes are validated through the DE Zoysa's example, then several numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the numerical schemes.     

Cable Sliding at Supports in Cable Structures

To develop an effective numerical method for the cable sliding problem in cable structures，two-node catenary cable element was built to model the cables based on analytical solution of elastic catenary．Cooperated with Newton method，continuation method Was used to solve the nonlinear equations．This approach is more efficient than using Newton method only and has a wider range to select initial values for the process to converge．The relationship between the tension on a cable segment and its unstrained length was derived and used to calculate the unbalanced cable tensions at the supports．An example is presented to show the correctness and efficiency of the proposed method．     

A study on dynamic response of cable-seabed interaction

A numerical method is developed to investigate the dynamic response of cable-seabed interaction in this paper. The motion of cable is described by the Lumped Parameter Method, while the seabed, unlike the prevailing simplified model of elastic foundation, is modeled as an irregular continuous rigid surface with rebound and friction existing, and the forces exerted by the seabed consist of normal counterforce and isotropic tangential Coulomb friction resistance. To describe the detailed dynamic response, two coefficients are introduced by analogy with the theory of rigid body collision with friction. The cable-seabed kinematic and dynamic contact conditions are formulated subsequently, and are used to incorporate the seabed effect into the cable dynamics to produce a set of ordinary differential governing equations. In this paper, we employ 4th order Runge-Kutta method to solve these equations. Several simulation cases are presented to illustrate the seabed effect. The results show that friction and impact have a prominent influence on the statics and dynamics of the cable.     

Dynamic response analysis of towed cable during deployment/retrieval

A numerical approach was developed to analyze the transient behavior of towed cable during ac- tively controlled deployment/retrieval (DR). The cable motion is described by the lumped parameter method, its corresponding boundary conditions are presented. In view of its varying length during DR, two auxiliary arguments are introduced to describe its continuous varying length and discrete number of nodes(equations), the length is determined by the pay out(or reel-in) rate, which is then used to determine the node number by a logic relation. For the discrete mathematical model of towed cable, an algorithm was developed to deal with the discrete governing equations. The simulation results indicate that the cable experiences more com- plex motions due to its varying length, and tension fluctuates seriously in the startup and ending stage of deployment/retrieval. The effect of towing ship's motion in waves on cable during deployment/retrieval is also considered via numerical simulation.     

Nonlinear buckling analysis of pre-stressed ring-stiffened circular cylindrical shells under external pressure

This paper is concerned with the nonlinear buckling behavior of pre-stressed ring-stiffened thin circular cylindrical shells under external pressure. According to the geometrical nonlinearity, governing equations are derived by incorporating initial stresses based on Donnell-type shell theory. The “smeared stiffeners” approach is used for ring stiffeners. The numerical analyses are conducted by Gelerkin’s method to obtain critical buckling loads of shells. This study shows effects of initial stresses on stability of shells. Moreover, effects of initial stresses on buckling modes of shells are discussed.     

非线性方程组求解的新方法

提出了一种求解非线性方程组的方法.将非线性方程组的求解问题转化为最优化问题,对经典BFGS变尺度法进行改进:采用高精度通用数值算法求解函数梯度,采用新的数值解析法进行一维探索,进而有效地提高了BFGS变尺度法的效率和程序通用性;对遗传算法进行了改进.将改进的BFGS变尺度法与改进的遗传算法进行混合杂交,得到一种全局优化算法,数值测试表明该算法是可靠的.     

悬索桥有限元计算的三节点空间鞍座单元

为了进行空间缆索悬索桥主缆与塔顶鞍座间接触非线性的计算,开发了包括塔顶鞍座及两侧主缆在内的三节点空间鞍座单元.基于空间悬链线理论及主缆与鞍座的几何关系,对单元进行状态求解,得到主缆与鞍座的切点位置及切点索力,根据静力平衡条件计算单元精确的节点力;由增量代替微分,根据切线刚度矩阵的定义计算单元刚度矩阵的元素.空间鞍座单元自动满足主缆与鞍座相切,通过修改一个参数可实现鞍座顶推的计算.计算表明:计算结果与数值解析解结果完全相同,收敛速度较快,在每次状态求解时,迭代次数在12次以内.      

基于位移的格子法模拟弹性波传播与应用

基于以位移为变量的弹性波方程,推导了二维格子法的计算公式,并给出一种简单实用的人工边界条件,通过Lamb问题算例验证了该计算方法和人工边界条件的正确性．该方法可以适应不规则的边界,并自然满足自由边界条件．应用上述数值计算方法,研究了在不同填充沟深度条件下的地表各点竖向振幅衰减系数变化情况,结果表明：增加填充沟深度有助于增加隔振的效果,但不改变最小竖向振幅衰减系数点的位置．     

双参数地基上弹性矩形板的非线性静力分析

基于能量变分原理,考虑地基耦合效应,建立了双参数地基上弹性板的非线性静力平衡方程.构造了一组满足全部边界条件的试探函数,应用伽辽金法对该组非线性方程进行求解,数值计算中考虑了系统各种参数变化对双参数地基上四边自由矩形板的非线性静力特性的影响.     

Computer simulation of thermochemical treatments: modelling diffusion and precipitation in metals

IntroductionThermochemicaltreatmentsarewidelyusedtoimProvethemechanicalprOPertiesofmetalliccomPonents.ForexamPle,inthecaseofsteel,hightemPeraturediffusionofcarbonand/ornitrogCnleadstoanincreaseofhardnessnearthesurface,aswellastolocalcompressiveresidualstfCsses.Bothcontributetoanincreaseofthelifetimeofthecomponent.Modellingdiffusioncanbeconsideredasrelativelystraightforward,sincethegoverningequationsarewellestablished.However,onemustaccountforthefactthatduringdiffusion,precipitationmayoccur…     

The Stochastic Stability of a Viscoelastic Cable with Small Sag

In this paper, the almost sure stability of a viscoelastic cablesubjected to an initial stress on the uniform cross section is studied. The constitutive of the cable material is assumed to be the hereditary integral type, the relaxation kernels of which are represented by the sums of exponents. The initial stress and the damping coefficient to the environment and also relaxation kernel coefficients are a random wide-band stationary process. The partial differential-integral equation of motion is derived first. Then by applying Galerkins method, the governing equation is reduced to a set of second order differential integral equations. Based on the Liapunovs direct method, sufficient conditions for almost sure stability of viscoelstic cable are obtained.     

已知索端预张力或预应力求索原长的求解技术

根据柔索应变与位移的非线性几何关系以及自重作用与温度影响下的平衡方程,采用欧拉描述的坐标系统,精确地求得了各点的位移和张力的一般解.由柔索的变形问题建立的非线性代数方程组应用改进的Powell混合算法编制的高精度DNEQNF程序直接进行求解.在算例中,对已知索端预张力或预应力来求索原长进行了计算和分析.用本研究方法对高度相同的柔索问题与其他学者用不同方法得到的结果进行了对比和讨论.     

参激屈曲梁非线性现象的数值模拟

研究了一端固定一端滑动承受轴向简谐载荷的屈曲梁的非线性振动现象,建立了系统的非线性偏微分控制方程,利用Galerkin法,得到微分动力系统,采用数值模拟研究了系统基本参数共振和主参数共振的两种情况,得到了响应的时间历程及相图,揭示了系统的倍周期分岔、暂态混沌和混沌运动等复杂动力学行为.     

确定斜拉桥施工索力的正装倒拆优化法

以实验室独塔斜拉桥为研究对象,提出了确定斜拉桥合理施工索力的正装倒拆计算法,该方法按照施工顺序,在正装优化的基础上,对各节段进行倒拆计算,得到各斜拉索的基础索力,然后再通过正装迭代计算,求得各个调索阶段斜拉索的初始张拉索力和主梁的预抬量,从而避免了传统的倒拆法中难以考虑结构本身的非线性问题与正装法无法保证计算过程中一些索力设置大小的合理性等问题。本方法已经在独塔斜拉桥模型实验中成功应用。通过实验验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性,具有一定的理论价值和重要的应用价值。     

外激励作用下亚音速二维粘弹性壁板系统的混沌运动

为了研究壁板在亚音速气流和外激扰联合作用下的非线性运动特性,基于Hamilton原理,建立了外激励作用下亚音速粘弹性壁板的非线性运动方程,并采用Galerkin方法将其离散为常微分方程组,研究了系统的平衡点及其稳定性.利用Melnikov方法得到了壁板出现混沌运动时系统参数所满足的临界条件,分析了外激励幅值、频率及气流来流速度之间的临界关系,并与系统混沌运动的数值模拟结果进行了对比.结果表明:当无量纲动压值超过64.42时,壁板系统平衡点的个数及其稳定性均会发生改变;使用Melnikov方法确定的混沌运动临界参数与数值模拟结果相符,该方法可用于判定混沌运动是否发生.      

任意铺设纤维增强型层合板非线性弯曲的基本方程

利用变分原理,在Reddy高阶横向剪切变形理论基础上,建立了任意铺设纤维增强型层合板非线性弯曲的基本方程,该方程具有普遍性。由所建立的方程,计算了在均布载荷作用下,对称角铺设及正交铺设均质各向异性矩形叠层板在不同边界条件下非线性弯曲的解析解,并针对给定材料进行了数值计算。     

任意铺设纤维增强型复合材料层合板具有高阶剪切时的非线性弯曲

本文利用变分原理,在Rcddy高阶横向剪切变形理论的基础上,建立了任意铺设纤维增强型层合板的非线性弯曲的基本方程。由所建立的方程,作者用广义三角级数计算了在均布载荷作用下,四周固支的对称角铺设叠层厚板的非线性弯曲,并得出了解析解。     

In-plane Auto-Parametric Vibration of Inclined Cables under Random Transverse Excitation

In-plane auto-parametric stochastic vibration of inclined cables subjected to Gaussian white noise in transverse bridge orientation is investigated. Based on Newton＇s laws of motion and Galerkin＇s modal truncation principle, the influences of geometry nonlinearity induced by sag and large displacement of cables and the initial equilibrium state are taken into account. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional non-linear differential equations of inclined cables for coupling vibration are deduced, equivalent stochastic linearization method is applied to derive the 14-dimensional first-order nonlinear differential equations of state vectors, and the Runge-Kutta integration method is utilized to obtain the root mean square （RMS） response. Results show that when the transverse random excitation imposed on the stayed cable exceeds a critical value, the in-plane transverse vibration of the cable are excited due to tim auto-parametric nonlinear coupling, and the critical value of random excitation increases with the damping ratio. In this motion, the cable response possesses non-stationary characteristics, even though the loading keeps stationary.