船舶低频纯横荡及纯首摇运动数值仿真与分析

以船舶操纵水动力预报为研究背景,利用商用软件Fine/Marine对DTMB5415进行了低频纯横荡及纯首摇运动数值仿真研究。以纯横荡运动幅值为0.064 m试验数据为基准,通过对比不同边界条件设置及其对计算结果的影响分析,得到随体坐标系下船模受到的侧向力及转首力矩,并将仿真计算结果与船模试验结果进行对比,获得较好的参数设置。以该设置参数及边界条件为依据进行后续的纯横荡运动及纯首摇运动数值仿真计算,得到船模所受侧向力及转首力矩。     

二代稳性衡准纯稳性丧失直接评估方法研究(二)

针对国际海事组织(IMO)正在制定的船舶第二代完整稳性衡准中的纯稳性丧失直接评估衡准,本文提出了纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇4自由度运动耦合的标准数学模型,进行了纯稳性丧失直接评估.该方法首先基于MMG操纵性标准方法,构建纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇4自由度运动方程,同时考虑了舵控制方程,其次在纵荡、横荡、横摇、首摇方程右边考虑时域波浪力/力矩,且横摇方程右边进一步考虑了粘性横摇阻尼力矩和波浪中复原力臂变化.最后采用ONR内倾船进行了尾斜浪中纯稳性丧失直接数值计算,为纯稳性丧失直接稳性评估衡准的应用奠定了基础.     

随浪规则波中ONR内倾船纯稳性丧失黏流模拟方法研究

纯稳性丧失作为5种典型的船舶在波浪中运动失稳的模式之一，是波峰位于船舯时复原力显著减小而导致船舶大幅横摇甚至倾覆的运动失稳现象。论文采用STAR-CCM+商业软件，模拟全附体ONR内倾船在随浪下的纯稳性丧失现象。数值模拟中采用重叠网格技术实现船-桨-舵耦合的多体运动求解，通过速度边界条件进行造波，采用欧拉叠加模型进行消波，考虑了实船螺旋桨的旋转因素，对舵进行自动控制来实现航向的稳定。模拟了ONR内倾船在不同航速下发生纯稳性丧失导致大幅横摇甚至倾覆的过程，并与试验结果进行了对比，最大横摇幅值的计算值与试验值趋势一致。分析了在不同航速下舭龙骨、桨、舵等附体力和力矩的变化。论文建立的CFD数值模拟方法，为更加细致地分析波浪中纯稳性丧失的运动现象提供了技术支撑，为后续势流方法中的螺旋桨、舵等附体力学模型的改进提供了参考。     

基于体积力法的全附体KCS型船模PMM运动数值模拟

为高效、精确地求解船舶操纵水动力导数,以全附体KCS型船模为研究对象,基于RANS方程及VOF模型,在star-ccm+平台上采用体积力法模拟螺旋桨作用,计及自由面兴波及航行姿态变化对船模水动力的影响,开展斜航、纯艏摇、漂角和艏摇组合3种平面运动机构(Planar Motion Mechanism,PMM)运动的数值模拟,将横向力Y、艏摇力矩N、横倾力矩K的数值模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,并依照PMM试验的动力学方程,通过最小二乘法拟合和傅立叶积分,将数值模拟结果与试验结果的时历曲线进行分析处理,求得操纵水动力导数。研究结果表明:该方法用于数值模拟PMM运动是可行的;求得的水动力导数中Y′vvv,N′vvv误差略大,其余水动力导数误差均在15%以内。     

纯横荡和旋臂试验的数值模拟

随着计算机技术和粘性流理论的发展,计算流体力学方法逐渐成为研究船舶操纵性的重要方法.拘束船模试验是获得船舶水动力导数的重要方法,而获得水动力导数也是船舶操纵性CFD的重要目标之一.讨论了如何利用CFD方法对不带自由面的船模旋臂实验和纯横荡试验的数值进行模拟,求取船模的位置导数和旋转导数.利用该方法对我海军某型舰船模的纯横荡试验进行模拟,并得到了定性结果,为拘束船模实验的CFD方法研究提供了有益的经验.     

基于操纵运动方程的水动力导数计算方法研究

基于STAR-CCM+软件平台,采用RANS方程和VOF算法,针对某一具体船模进行PMM运动数值模拟,考虑自由液面的兴波与航行过程中船模姿态的变化。建立船模按斜航运动、纯横荡运动以及不同振荡模式下首摇运动3种工况下的操纵性水动力导数求解方法。并将仿真计算结果与采用回归方程求得的结果进行比较,证明基于STAR-CCM+软件平台该方法求解水动力导数的有效性。     

月池对船舶水动力导数影响研究

为了对带月池船舶的操纵水动力进行预报,运用CFD技术和重叠网格技术,以深拖母船为研究对象,数值模拟船舶的斜航运动、纯横荡运动和纯首摇运动。将测得的力和力矩进行处理,分别计算出了月池打开和封闭时的水动力导数。通过对比数值计算结果与势流理论计算结果,验证了该方法的合理性和有效性。通过比较月池封闭和打开时的水动力导数,发现大部分水动力导数都因为月池的存在而有所增加,这为预报带月池船舶的操纵性提供参考。     

基于CFD方法的某喷水推进舰船矢量控制运动仿真

以喷水推进舰船为研究对象,基于计算流体动力学（CFD）方法获得其水动力导数,在设计航速下对其进行矢量运动控制仿真研究。采用STAR-CCM+开发CFD求解器,采用流体域体积（VOF）方法求解自由面,选用Realizable k-ε模型作为湍流模型。通过纯横荡试验和纯艏摇试验的平面运动机构试验对船体受到的横向力和摇艏力矩进行分析,得到水动力导数,并构建适用于喷水推进舰船的操纵运动模型。结合建立的操纵运动模型设计喷水推进船的艏向控制器并进行矢量控制仿真,验证所提方法的可行性。     

基于CFD的内河船深浅水中操纵性预报

由于岸壁效应和浅水效应,内河船舶在限制水域作操纵运动时通常受到比在开阔水域中更大的水动力.这些水动力对船舶操纵性具有不利影响,有可能导致船舶碰撞或触底等海上事故.因此,为了在船舶设计阶段预报其操纵性能,考虑浅水效应和岸壁效应以准确计算内河船舶操纵运动水动力非常重要.本文基于CFD方法,通过对粘性绕流进行数值模拟,对长江中营运的三艘内河船舶的操纵运动水动力进行计算.首先,为了验证数值方法的可靠性,对标模KVLCC2纯横荡和纯首摇试验的水动力进行计算,并将计算结果与现有的试验数据进行对比.然后,对三艘内河船舶在不同水深下的静舵试验、纯横荡和纯首摇试验进行数值模拟,计算得到水动力及相应的线性水动力导数.最后,基于计算得到的水动力导数,获得Nomoto模型中的操纵性参数,对比分析三艘内河船舶在深浅水中的操纵性能.结果表明,本文方法可以揭示不同水深下三艘内河船舶的操纵性变化趋势.该方法可为船舶设计阶段内河船舶深浅水中的操纵性预报提供一种实用的工具.     

船舶参数横摇非线性力学特征数值分析

为研究船舶参数横摇发生的力学机理,文章基于计算流体力学方法,对DTMB5512船模规则波顶浪航行时的参数横摇运动进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明:参数横摇复原力矩曲线会随横摇角增大而出现2个拐点,呈现出先增大、后减小、再增大的非线性特征;其零点、拐点及最大值点可以分别用垂荡、纵摇及船/波相对位置进行表征。文中方法实现了船舶参数横摇力学特征的数值分析,可为船舶波浪中的完整稳性评估提供新的方法。     

Circular motion tests and uncertainty analysis for ship maneuverability

Circular motion test data and uncertainty analysis results of investigations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of ship maneuvering are presented. The model ships used were a container ship and two tankers, and the measured items were the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, propeller thrust, rudder normal and tangential forces, pitch and roll angles, and heave. The test parameters were the oblique angle and yaw rate for the conditions of a hull with a rudder and propeller in which the rudder angle was set to zero and the propeller speed was set to the model self-propulsion conditions. Carriage data showing the accuracy of the towing conditions in the circular motion test are also presented. It was confirmed that the uncertainties in the hydrodynamic forces such as the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, rudder tangential and normal forces, and propeller thrust were fairly small. The reported uncertainty analysis results of the circular motion test data may be beneficial in validating data quality and in discussing reliability for simulation of ship maneuvering performance.     

Application of H infinite control to ship steering system

1Introduction Whensailinginwaves,thestateofshipsteeringisina constantdirectionmostly.Intheconditionofexisting thedisturbanceofwave,windandflow,theship shouldkeepacertainheadingprecisionunderthecon trolofauto pilot.Alongwiththevariationofshipload condition…     

Roll-induced bifurcation in ship maneuvering under model uncertainty

In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for the maneuvering motion of a naval ship and bifurcations of its equilibrium are identified in roll-coupled motion. The subject ship is a high-speed surface combatant with twin-propeller twin-rudder system. Captive model tests are conducted for the ship using planar motion mechanism. Maneuvering coefficients are calculated by polynomial curve fitting of the test data. Uncertainty distribution in the coefficients is assumed same as that of the curve fitting errors. Uncertainty in the model coefficients is propagated to full-scale simulation results by the stochastic response surface method (SRSM). This method is computationally efficient as compared to standard Monte Carlo simulation technique. The SRSM uses polynomial chaos expansion of orthogonal to fit any probability distribution. Bifurcation analysis of the mathematical model is performed by varying the vertical center of gravity as the bifurcation parameter. Hopf bifurcation is identified. It is found that the bifurcations occur due to the coupling of roll motion with sway, yaw motion and rudder angle. In the presence of wind, roll angle response in bifurcation diagram is discussed.     

Course stability and yaw motion of a ship in steady wind

In order to achieve safe navigation, it is important to be able to understand and calculate the effects of an external force on the maneuvering behavior of a ship. This paper analyzes the course stability and yaw motion of a ship traveling under steady wind conditions. A course stability criterion and approximate formulae for the yaw motion in steady wind, including the aero/hydrodynamic force derivatives for the ship, are derived. To confirm the reliability of the criterion and formulae, they were used to investigate a pure car carrier in steady wind. The results of this investigation revealed that course instability appears in the head and following wind directions, mainly under the influence of aerodynamic derivatives with respect to the yaw restoring forces. However, this course instability can be reduced by applying steering control. For winds ranging from head winds to beam winds, yaw oscillation appears when the period is relatively long and the damping is small. The analytical formulae derived here can be used to gain a better understanding of ship maneuvering behavior in steady wind.     

船舶舵鳍联合减摇模糊变结构控制研究

分析了船舶运动的非线性模型,根据实际情况进行假设,得到了船舶舵鳍联合减摇控制系统的状态方程,把非线性船舶舵鳍联合控制模型转化为可控正则型;将船舶运动模型看作是由横摇、艏摇、横荡3个子系统构成的大系统,进行了舵鳍联合控制,设计了舵鳍联合控制器和分散非线性变结构控制器,为了改善控制的品质,又进一步提出了模糊趋近律变结构控制的方法,最后针对减摇控制器进行了MATLAB仿真研究。仿真结果表明:舵鳍联合控制器能够很好的抑制船舶的横摇和艏摇,并能尽可能的减小横荡。     

基于支持向量机的船舶操纵运动在线建模

支持向量机算法以结构风险最小化为准则,具有良好的泛化性,是一种先进的人工智能算法。文章根据最小二乘支持向量机对其增量式算法进行推导,并应用该算法对船舶操纵运动进行在线建模。通过仿真试验对粘性力和舵力水动力导数进行在线辨识,通过自航模试验对操纵性K、T指数进行在线辨识,并利用K、T指数对自航模的转首角速度进行了预报,所得结果都同试验值非常接近,证明了增量式最小二乘支持向量机应用于船舶操纵运动在线建模的有效性。     

系泊船舶运动响应周期试验研究

针对国内外系泊船舶物理模型试验中所给系泊船舶运动响应周期特征参数的不同,对横向波浪作用下一艘26.6×104 m3系泊LNG船舶的运动响应周期特性进行物理模型试验研究。结果表明,半载状态下,纵移运动存在着32 s的自振周期;横移运动为周期性间歇增长运动,横移运动周期与系泊船舶固有横摇周期的比值在1.11～1.23,大体上随波浪周期增大成倍数增长;横摇运动峰值随波浪周期增大而增大,横摇运动周期与系泊船舶固有横摇周期的比值在1.23～1.48,大体上随波浪周期增大成倍数增长;不同装载状态下回转运动均存在着较长的自振周期:半载状态为30 s,满载状态为32 s。     

基于三维解析法的船舶碰撞外部动力学研究

目前国际上船舶碰撞外部动力学的解析法研究均局限于船体碰撞运动的二维假设,忽略了可能存在的大幅横摇。依据文献[1]给出的二维船舶碰撞数学模型,建立了包括横移、纵移、首摇和横摇在内的三维船舶碰撞数学模型,并编制程序对文献[2]中的算例进行计算,计算结果表明船舶横摇运动在大多数船舶碰撞情况下是不可忽略的。     

URANS simulations of static and dynamic maneuvering for surface combatant: part 2. Analysis and validation for local flow characteristics

Part 2 of this two-part paper presents the analysis and validation results of local flow characteristics for a surface combatant Model 5415 bare hull under static and dynamic planar motion mechanism simulations. Unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) computations are carried out by a general-purpose URANS/detached eddy simulation research code CFDShip-Iowa Ver. 4. The objective of this research is to investigate the capability of the code in relation to the computational fluid dynamics-based maneuvering prediction method. In the current study, the ship is subjected to static drift, steady turn, pure sway and pure yaw motions at Froude number 0.28. The free surface, three dimensional vortical structure and, the validation of two dimensional local flow quantities together with the available experimental data are of the interest in the current study. Part 1 provides the verification and validation results of forces and moment coefficients, hydrodynamic derivatives, and reconstructions of forces and moment coefficients from resultant hydrodynamic derivatives.