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内河船舶污染已成为我国大气污染的重要来源之一,随着内河运输需求的不断增加,污染排放物也在逐年上升。本文从我国内河船舶大气污染现状进行分析,发现船用柴油机技术落后、船舶排放标准推出迟缓、船用油品质量不合格和船舶监管不到位等问题;并从完善法制体系和监督制度、源头控制、油品控制、船舶大气污染防治研究、新能源船舶的应用等几个方面提出建议。 相似文献
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《船舶标准化与质量》2015,(2)
<正>引言近年来,我国大气污染日益严重,对大气污染进行治理的呼声越来越高。与机动车、工业排放相比,船舶废气排放一般在海上进行,难为公众直接察觉,污染治理难度较大。船舶污染治理将成为我国治理大气污染的重要内容之一。1船舶废气污染不容忽视由于船舶主要以重油为燃料,其硫、重金属等含量均较高,燃烧产生大量的硫氧化物(SOx)、氮氧化物(NOx)以及颗粒物(PM),加之船舶发动机功率大,燃油消耗量大,废气排放十分严重。 相似文献
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船用柴油机排放法规概况由于船用柴油机对环境污染的日益严重和人们对环境状况的日益关注,国际海事组织海上环境保护委员会(MEPC)在1997年通过了MARPOL公约73/78附则Ⅵ,即《防止船舶造成大气污染规则》,对于每一台安装在2000年1月1日或以后建造的船舶、输出功率大于130kW的柴油机提出了排放控制标准。为进一步控制和减少船舶柴油机有害污染物的排放,MEPC又于2008年10月 相似文献
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随着人们对环境保护、大气污染控制等愈加重视,控制船舶柴油机NOx排放污染的技术研究将是未来柴油机技术发展的重要课题。本文介绍了几种较好的控制NOx排放技术并进行了分析。 相似文献
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我国是贸易大国,贸易量的七成以上是通过水上运输实现的。航运业快速发展的同时,船舶带来的污染也日益严重,在沿海、沿江城市中,船舶污染排放已经成为重要的大气污染源。船舶产生造成大气污染的物质主要有氮氧化物(NOX)、硫氧化物(SOX)、碳氧化物(COX)、碳氢化物(HC)以及颗粒物(PM),这些污染物对人体健康和环境均有严重危害。 相似文献
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All developments on air pollution by ships are fairly recent. Annex VI of the international Marpol-convention, regulating
the emissions of CFCs, Halons, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from cargoes, emissions from incinerators and exhaust gas
emissions from engines (NOx and SOx) entered into force in May 2005. The International Maritime Organization is currently discussing an upgrade of the air pollution
issues covered by Annex VI and some that are not in Annex VI, such as greenhouse gas emissions. CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas emitted by ship. Fuel consumption by the world merchant fleet is expected to grow to
between 250–300 million tons per year with corresponding CO2 emissions of 800–960 million tons per year. In Western Europe land based measures have reduced sulphur emissions substantially,
leaving shipping as an important remaining source of these emissions. Average sulphur content of heavy fuel oils is 3%, with
a limit of 4.5% imposed by Annex VI. Both the Baltic- and the North Sea have the status of SOx emission control area, limiting sulphur content to 1.5%. 相似文献
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Abstract Major air pollutants from maritime shipping operations are sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter emissions from combustion of fuel oil during cruise, berth, and start‐up modes. Sulfur oxides emissions are substantial from steamships burning high‐sulfur residual fuel oil, where shipping contributes 66 percent of the total sulfur dioxide emissions from transportation sources, and almost 3 percent of the total for Harris county, Texas. Nitrogen oxides emissions are significant during cruise conditions for both steamships and motor ships, while particulate emissions are substantial during start‐up and tube cleaning. Significant marine air pollutant emission sources are found in busy harbor areas such as the Houston Ship Channel. Offshore terminals for unloading large tankers may result in emissions of 10 to 20 tons of sulfur oxides daily per ship, and 3 to 5 tons of nitrogen oxides daily per ship during pumping operations. Trace‐metal constituents present in the oil may catalyze sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide oxidation to their respective sulfate and nitrate aerosols in the humid Texas Gulf Coast atmospheres to aggravate photochemical air pollution problems once the air masses reach industrial and populated urban areas on land. Onshore sulfur dioxide and particulate‐matter emission controls may be necessary for some large ships in port to minimize potential impact on coastal zone air quality. 相似文献
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文中从介绍船舶尾气水污染的现状入手,梳理了国际公约、国内法规对船舶尾气排放水污染控制要求,分析了目前船舶尾气排放水污染控制方面的短板,提出了解决对策。 相似文献
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随着全球化和贸易的快速增长,在货物运输中占有统治地位的船舶运输得到了空前的发展,船舶运力急剧增长,船舶空气污染物已成为严重的空气污染源之一,日益引起人们的高度重视。文中简要介绍了船舶空气污染物的产生、危害,主要介绍了氮氧化物、硫氧化物及颗粒物质的减排技术。 相似文献
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随着经济全球化,国际贸易和船舶运输业的迅速发展,以石油产品为燃料的船舶废气排放造成的环境污染日趋严重。国际海事组织对硫排放控制区(ECA)及燃油硫含量做出了相关规定及要求。进行船舶废气脱硫技术的研究成为减少船舶废气造成的环境污染的重要措施之一。本文分析了船舶废气脱硫系统所具有的特点,对DCS系统与PLC系统进行对比分析,通过研究基于DCS的主控单元+远程IO模块控制方式在船舶废气脱硫系统电气控制中的应用,进一步增强了系统控制功能,提高了系统稳定性及可操作性。 相似文献
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船用柴油机对环境的影响主要可分为噪声污染和排放造成的大气污染,伴随着国际海事组织(IMO)第3阶段排放标准(Tier Ⅲ)的实施,为船舶配置选择性催化还原反应(SCR)脱硝装置已成为必然选择,可借鉴车用柴油机排气净化消声器装置的应用经验,对船舶柴油机的排气消声器和SCR反应器进行联合设计。采用动力系统、流场和声场联合分析的方法,结合商用软件GT-Power、Fluent和LMS Virtual. Lab进行联合仿真,计算初步设计配置于船用MAN 9L32/40型柴油机排气净化消声器的压力损失和消声效果。仿真计算结果显示,该排气净化消声器的压力损失满足柴油机排气要求,同时在2 000 Hz以下具有良好的消声效果。 相似文献
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文中通过世界各国对于船舶运输业污染大气防治的措施进行研究,分析我国船舶污染大气防治存在的不足,并提出相关防治对策。 相似文献
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Pingjian Liu Eiichi Kobayashi Teruo Ohsawa Mami Sakata 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2006,11(3):201-207
Historically, the emphasis on environmental problems has been on visible pollution. However, as a result of the reduction
in visible pollution in recent years, many people have become anxious about invisible dangers. The method for objectively
evaluating these invisible dangers is risk assessment. Therefore, in the present study we propose and discuss a method for
evaluating the influence of a modal shift in transportation on cancer risk using the technique of risk assessment. First,
two representative transportation routes were selected for analysis. Subsequently, the level of airborne carcinogens from
the exhaust of ships and trucks was determined. Next, the concentration of each carcinogen in locations across Japan was calculated.
Finally, the number of people in Japan who will suffer from cancer related to these emissions was derived and the effects
of the modal shift on health are discussed. 相似文献