UR-S11A对集装箱船直接强度的影响

国际船级社协会在最新出版的统一要求中,新增了UR-S11A关于集装箱船总纵强度的要求。之前集装箱船的总纵强度一般按照UR-S11进行校核,如今新要求对集装箱船的总纵强度有了更为严格的要求。首先比较UR-S11和UR-S11A的载荷差异,然后针对一艘4 250 TEU的集装箱船,按照UR-S11和UR-S11A的规定进行结构强度分析和比较,以期研究新规则对集装箱船总纵强度的影响。从计算结果可以看出,UR-S11A的波浪载荷较UR-S11有较大的提高,因此新规则对集装箱船的结构强度提出了更高的要求。     

UR-S11A对集装箱船极限强度的影响

根据UR-S11A的相关要求,采用基于增量迭代的史密斯法和非线性有限元法,对10000 TEU集装箱船的极限强度进行了计算分析,得出船体中垂和中拱状态下的极限承载能力以及2种方法的计算结果差异.由于集装箱船的航速较高,具有显著的首部外飘,并且一阶垂向模态频率比常规船型低,容易引起颤振现象,计算中根据挪威船级社规范,考虑了颤振对于极限强度的影响,结果表明在不同剖面的极限弯矩均有较大增加.     

IACS统一要求对超大型集装箱船结构设计的影响

为探究UR S11A、S33和S34等IACS一系列针对集装箱船统一要求对超大型集装箱船结构设计的影响,以MARIC在2015年设计的20 000 TEU集装箱船和21 000 TEU集装箱船为例,分别讨论URS33、URS11A对超大型集装箱船结构设计的影响,并从船体梁总纵强度、船体梁刚度、剪切强度、屈曲强度等方面对比URS11A和URS11要求的区别及在结构重量上造成的影响,讨论URS34对舱段有限元计算的影响。结果表明,新要求对超大型集装箱船的结构设计提出了更高的要求。     

浅谈URS11A规范对大型集装箱船强度的影响

通过对比新旧规则UR-S11A和UR-S11,分析其对大型集装箱船结构强度校核上的差异;然后从航运层面出发,提出一些对应措施,为那些在UR S11旧规范下建造,并且未经结构强化改造的集装箱船保驾护航。     

某双壳油船总纵极限强度计算与分析

随着船体破坏机理的研究进一步深入,在进行船体结构设计时除了目前大多数船级社规范中采用的线弹理论计算方法,另一个重要指标——船体总纵极限强度也必须考虑。以某双壳油船为例,采用不同计算方法对该船中剖面总纵极限弯矩进行计算分析。结果表明:该双壳油船的总纵极限强度满足共同规范的相关要求。     

UR S11A及UR S34对超大型集装箱船结构设计的影响

比较国际船级社协会（International Association of Classification Societies，IACS）制定的针对集装箱船总纵强度评估的标准“UR S11A”与集装箱船有限元强度评估工况的最低要求“UR S34”的差异，主要比较总纵强度评估方法、垂向波浪弯矩和垂向波浪剪力公式的差异。结合中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院自主开发设计的某2种类型超大型集装箱船，计算分析UR S11A对集装箱船3个典型位置（船体0.25L，0.50L和0.75L处）纵向结构构件尺寸的影响，特别是对剪切强度的影响。同时，介绍UR S34的一些关键内容。     

NK发布集装箱船船体梁扭转强度评估修订指南

NK发布集装箱船船体梁扭转强度评估修订指南．该指南是集装箱船结构指南的组成部分。2011年，NK开始全方位审核和更新集装箱船结构指南。该指南总共由四项单独的指南组成，包括集装箱船结构强度直接计算指南，船体梁扭转强度评估，疲劳强度评估以及极限总纵弯曲能力评估。船体梁扭转强度评估指南修订版本可以免费在NK网站上获得。     

高速船规范中有关强度衡准的讨论

通过对高速船极限强度状态的分析，讨论了板格的极限强度和两种总纵强度失效模式，给出了对应于两种失效状态下船体梁的极限弯矩计算方法，并结合实例计算分析，对中国船级社有关规范的总纵强度衡准进行了讨论。     

考虑颤振效应的超大型集装箱船极限强度

砰击颤振会威胁船体的总纵强度。依据海况对响应贡献率最大的原则确定计算海况,而后计算得出某超大型集装箱船的波浪载荷时历,并采用Weibull、Gumbel及GEV分布拟合得到载荷短期极值沿船长的分布且校核目标船的极限强度。将短期极值Weibull、Gumbel分布拟合的结果与载荷的规范计算结果进行对比,研究表明,有必要在考虑砰击颤振效应的工况下,利用波浪载荷直接预报结果校核目标船的结构强度,为后续研究提供参考。     

考虑腐蚀与疲劳损伤的船体总纵极限强度与可靠性分析

本文定量考虑了腐蚀与疲劳两类损伤对船体结构随时间变化的情况,并建立了船体总纵极限强度与时变可靠性的计算方法。对一条实船的分析说明,腐蚀和疲劳损伤虽然短时间内的破坏并不显著,但积累到一定程度,对船体结构的影响相当大。采用可靠性评估的方法,对船体总纵强度的安全水平可作出合理的评价。     

Experimental and numerical investigations of the ultimate torsional strength of an ultra large container ship

Structures of ultra large container ships (ULCS) are characterized by large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. It is essential to comprehensively figure out their collapse behaviors under pure torsion with both model experiments and numerical simulations, making an evaluation of their ultimate torsional strength. In this paper, a similar scale model of a 10,000TEU container ship has been designed and manufactured first, in which both geometric similarity and strength similarity are taken into account. Next the collapse behaviors of the test model are detailedly illustrated with both experimentally and numerically obtained results. Then discussions on warping or shear buckling deformations involved in the collapse process of the structure are conducted with extended numerical simulations. Finally, the ultimate torsional strength of the true ship is evaluated according to the similarity theory. Results show that it is the yielding and shear buckling of the side shells that causes the failure of the hull girder under pure torsion. Further nonlinear finite element analysis demonstrates that it may either have warping or shear buckling deformations in the torsional collapse process of the hull girder with a large deck opening, depending on the local rigidity distribution of side shells, which has a significant effect on the ultimate torsional strength of the hull girder.     

Design safety margin of a 10,000 TEU container ship through ultimate hull girder load combination analysis

Assessment of the ultimate longitudinal strength of hull girders under combined waveloads can be of particular importance especially for ships with large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. In such cases the horizontal and torsional moments may approach or exceed the vertical bending moment when a vessel progresses in oblique seas. This paper presents a direct calculation methodology for the evaluation of the ultimate strength of a 10,000 TEU container ship by considering the combined effects of structural non-linearities and steady state wave induced dynamic loads on a mid ship section cargo hold. The strength is evaluated deterministically using non-linear nite element analysis. The design extreme values of principal global wave-induced load components and their combinations in irregular seaways are predicted using a cross-spectral method together with short-term and long-term statistical formulations. Consequently, the margin of safety between the ultimate capacity and the maximum expected moment is established.     

破损船体剩余极限强度的影响参数与敏感度分析

在对破损船体剩余极限强度的影响参数进行分析的基础上,提出了一个对破损船体剩余极限强度影响大小的衡量指标-敏感度.根据这一衡量指标,逐一分析不同破损状态对破损船体剩余极限强度的影响程度.针对不同的船型,对破损船体剩余极限强度的影响参数进行了分析及计算,并给出了一条实船的计算结果,最后得出了一些有应用价值和指导意义的结论.     

支线集装箱船整船强度和疲劳有限元分析

在分析UR S11A和S34生效后的集装箱船整船屈服、屈曲要求的基础上,以1艘支线集装箱船为对象,计算得到目标船整船结构各个计算工况下的应力分布,完成整船屈服、屈曲强度评估和疲劳筛选及评估,分析发现支线集装箱船艏、艉非货舱区域结构和货舱区域的横向结构,以及整船重点区域的疲劳问题不容忽视。在设计时,对上述区域结构应重点关注,必要时建议选择装载手册中最危险的工况开展整船屈服、屈曲和疲劳评估并作适当加强。     

A practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures

Container ship structures are characterized by large hatch openings. Due to this structural property, they are subject to large diagonal deformations of hatch openings and warping stresses under complex torsional moments in waves. This necessitates torsional strength assessment of hull girder of container ships in their structural design stage. In this paper, a practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures with transparent and consistent background is discussed based on the results from up-to-date analyses. In order to estimate the torsional response characteristics as accurately as possible, three-dimensional Rankine source method, after being validated by tank tests, is employed for estimation of wave loads on a container ship, and FE analyses are conducted on the entire-ship model under the estimated loads. Then, a dominant regular wave condition under which the torsional response of the container ship becomes maximum is specified. Design loads for torsional strength assessment that give torsional response equivalent to the long-term predicted values of torsional response are investigated based on the torsional moments on several container ships under the specified dominant wave condition. An appropriate combination of stress components to estimate the total hull girder stress is also discussed.     

万箱集装箱船典型货舱结构极限承载能力计算

随着世界货运量的需求增加,集装箱船的大型化发展从未停止。近十年内,有2艘大型集装箱船先后在海上遭到极端载荷而丧失结构承载能力以致发生灾难性毁坏,给航运界敲响了警钟。为了避免今后大型集装箱船再次遭遇上述严重事故,保证营运中使用的安全性和航行时结构的可靠性,国际船级社协会专门针对集装箱船的规范要求进行修改,提高了载荷设计值,并且要求评估典型货舱结构的极限承载能力。本文针对万箱集装箱船典型货舱结构,基于逐步破坏法和有限元法,计算了垂向和水平方向的极限弯矩。结果表明,在初步设计阶段逐步破坏法有着快速高效的优势,但是考虑到载荷变化的多样性和船体结构的复杂性,还是需要应用非线性有限元法进行建模计算,给出最终评估结果。     

纵向弯矩下材料随机特性对复合材料船体可靠性的影响

The effects of stochastic characteristics of materials on the reliability of ship hulls made of composite materials under longitudinal moment were extensively studied using reliability and sensitivity calculations of a composite ship hull which was sagging.The reliability indices and failure probabilities of the ship in three kinds of failure modes (buckling,material failure,and ultimate collapse) were calculated by the surface response method and JC method.The importance factors of random variables in stochastic models,such as the model errors in predicting the ultimate longitudinal strength of ship and the longitudinal bending moment that the ship withstands,as well as the stochastic characteristics of materials in the models used,were calculated.Then,the effects of these random variables,including the stochastic characteristics of materials on the reliability index and the failure probability of ships which were sagging,were discussed with their importance factors.The results show that the effects of stochastic characteristics of materials on the reliability of ship hulls made of composite materials should be considered during the reliability assessment of composite ships.Finally,some conclusions and recommendations were given for high-speed ship design and safety assessment.     

含裂纹集装箱船厚甲板剩余极限强度时变衰减及维修建议

研究含初始裂纹集装箱船厚甲板的裂纹扩展及对剩余极限强度时变衰减的影响对于船舶的安全运营有很重要的意义。以8530TEU集装箱船为例,对含裂纹板进行剩余极限拉伸强度计算。计算结果表明：寿命期内板的裂纹扩展有一临界值,当大于该临界值,裂纹扩展急剧增加,剩余拉伸强度也迅速减小,3-5年内板就会发生断裂。因此,建议在第10年对目标甲板进行一次大的检测维修,对裂纹扩展严重的构件的进行更换。     

破损船体极限强度非线性有限元分析

本文基于通用有限元系统,结合船体破损机理和初始缺陷处理方法,建立船体极限强度非线性有限元分析的完整框架.利用对水面舰船和双壳油船极限强度模型试验的比较验证,合理解决非线性有限元分析的关键技术,并对完整和破损船体极限强度进行非线性有限元法分析.然后,在模型试验和非线性有限元分析的基础上提出面向设计的适合破损船体和双向弯曲状态的船体极限强度分析的改进解析方法.