2070t/h对冲燃烧超临界锅炉NO_x排放特性试验研究

针对湖南某电厂2 070 t/h对冲式燃烧超临界锅炉NOx排放过高的情况,对其进行了燃烧试验,分析了省煤器出口氧量体积分数、二次风开度、机组负荷、燃尽风开度等运行因素对锅炉燃烧及NOx排放特性的影响,在单因素较优方案下做了多因素变化对NOx排放影响的试验研究.试验结果表明:省煤器出口氧量体积分数、燃尽风开度和机组负荷对锅炉NOx排放质量浓度有十分显著的影响;随着省煤器出口、SAR入口之前的氧量体积分数的上升,NOx排放质量浓度表现为比较明显的上升规律;随着机组负荷的升高,NOx排放质量浓度表现为先升高后降低.通过设置不同的二次风配风方式、燃尽风开度等运行方式,得出该锅炉的NOx排放特性,从而降低NOx排放.     

组合涡诱导结构对某型燃烧室性能影响的分析

为解决某型燃气轮机间冷改造后环形燃烧室在高容热强度下燃烧效果不理想的问题,提出组合涡诱导结构,并通过数值模拟,研究该结构中的主要结构参数(波瓣高宽比、波瓣数和波瓣长度)对燃烧室性能的影响规律。结果表明:1)组合涡诱导结构可以明显改善高容热强度下的燃烧性能,具有较好的应用前景;2)随着高宽比的增加,燃烧效率逐渐降低,总压损失系数基本保持不变;3)随着波瓣数的增加,总压损失系数、出口平均温度和NOx排放均逐渐增大;4)随波瓣长度的增加,燃烧效率、NOx排放和出口平均温度均逐渐增大,总压损失基本保持不变。上述结论可为后续该型号燃气轮机燃烧室的数值计算和设计提供参考。     

组合涡诱导结构对某型燃烧室性能影响的分析

为解决某型燃气轮机间冷改造后环形燃烧室在高容热强度下燃烧效果不理想的问题,提出组合涡诱导结构,并通过数值模拟,研究该结构中的主要结构参数(波瓣高宽比、波瓣数和波瓣长度)对燃烧室性能的影响规律.结果表明:1)组合涡诱导结构可以明显改善高容热强度下的燃烧性能,具有较好的应用前景;2)随着高宽比的增加,燃烧效率逐渐降低,总压损失系数基本保持不变;3)随着波瓣数的增加,总压损失系数、出口平均温度和NOx排放均逐渐增大;4)随波瓣长度的增加,燃烧效率、NOx排放和出口平均温度均逐渐增大,总压损失基本保持不变.上述结论可为后续该型号燃气轮机燃烧室的数值计算和设计提供参考.     

喷嘴安装位置对燃烧室性能的影响

利用FLUENT软件研究了喷嘴安装位置L对重整气燃烧室燃烧性能的影响。采用了Realizable k-ε湍流模型、PDF燃烧模型、污染物模型和SIMPLE算法对其进行了数值模拟。结果表明,随着L的增加,燃烧室出口温度场的均匀性先提高后降低。当L由30mm变化到40mm时,火焰筒内壁面处燃气最高温度先增大后减小,但火焰筒内壁面处燃气平均温度变化不大。当L=40mm时,重整气燃烧室出口处的NOX体积分数仅为22×10-6。     

涡流比对柴油机NOx排放的影响

利用KIVA-3V程序模拟了柴油机的燃烧过程,通过改变涡流比的大小计算了缸内燃烧的压力、温度和有害物质NOx的生成浓度。通过对柴油机燃烧过程的模拟计算可分析得出,当涡流比增大时,NOx排放值升高,表明减小涡流比可以降低NOx的排放。但是,燃烧室内的涡流过强和过弱对发动机的性能都是不利的,对具体的燃烧室结构和喷油系统,合理匹配涡流运动十分必要。     

斯特林发动机燃烧室氧-柴油无焰燃烧的数值研究

对斯特林发动机燃烧室氧-柴油无焰燃烧进行数值模拟。研究表明:氧-柴油无焰燃烧相比于传统氧-燃料燃烧需要卷吸更多的烟气来对纯氧进行稀释。直流燃烧室和旋流燃烧室内实现无焰燃烧的引射比分别为32和11.5,旋流燃烧室有助于无焰燃烧的实现。氧-柴油无焰燃烧的火焰峰值温度比传统燃烧模式低600 K左右,火焰峰值温度大幅下降。氧-燃料模式下燃烧室温度变化在20%以上,而氧-柴油无焰燃烧模式下温度变化小于15%,燃烧室温度均匀性显著提高。     

斯特林发动机燃烧室氧-柴油无焰燃烧的数值研究

对斯特林发动机燃烧室氧-柴油无焰燃烧进行数值模拟。研究表明：氧-柴油无焰燃烧相比于传统氧-燃料燃烧需要卷吸更多的烟气来对纯氧进行稀释。直流燃烧室和旋流燃烧室内实现无焰燃烧的引射比分别为32和11.5,旋流燃烧室有助于无焰燃烧的实现。氧-柴油无焰燃烧的火焰峰值温度比传统燃烧模式低600 K左右,火焰峰值温度大幅下降。氧-燃料模式下燃烧室温度变化在20%以上,而氧-柴油无焰燃烧模式下温度变化小于15%,燃烧室温度均匀性显著提高。     

EGR及进气压力对双燃料发动机燃烧和排放的影响

为解决船舶柴油机排放的NOx、soot和CO等污染物过多的问题,以济南柴油机厂出产的4190ZLC-2型船用中速机为研究对象,运用AVLF FIRE软件构建双燃料燃烧室模型,并验证该模型的准确性.通过仿真试验研究甲醇掺混比为20％的情况下,不同EGR率和进气压力对柴油机燃烧、排放和动力特性的影响,保证在柴油机正常燃烧性能情况下得出最佳的EGR率和进气压力.研究结果表明:EGR引入并配合混合燃料能大幅降低NOx排放量,可满足国际海事组织TierⅢ排放标准;放热率曲线会随着EGR率的增大而后移,且峰值增加,同时柴油机的动力性有不同程度的下降.在EGR的基础上适当提高进气压力不仅能优化柴油机动力性,而且可进一步降低NOx、soot和CO排放.经分析,当掺混比为20％、EGR率为10％时,NO排放较原机排放降下76.9％,soot排放量降低40.7％,指示功率降为51.26 kW;当进气压力提高至0.213 MPa时,指示功率增大至52.88 kW,柴油机的动力性得到优化.     

进气氧浓度和EGR对船用二冲程柴油机排放特性影响研究

以MAN 6S35 ME-B9型船用二冲程柴油机为研究对象,在GT-POWER软件中建立其工作过程一维模拟计算模型,通过改变EGR率和进气氧浓度,研究废气再循环和进气氧浓度对柴油机动力性、经济性和排放性能的影响。结果表明,提高EGR率会降低柴油机燃烧速率和燃烧温度,有效降低柴油机NOx生成及其排放,EGR率在28.89%～38.58%之间,NOx排放为3.04～1.34 g/kW·h,满足TierⅢ标准,但需要牺牲一部分经济性与动力性。贫氧进气条件下,燃烧温度和燃烧速率降低,输出功率降低,燃油消耗增加,NOx排放降低,碳烟排放较高;富氧进气条件下,柴油机燃烧趋于完善,能量利用率高,动力性和经济性好,Soot排放低,但NOx排放高。高EGR率条件下,在一定程度上提高进气氧浓度,可使柴油机NOx排放满足TierⅢ排放要求,并维持Soot排放在较低水平,同时减少动力性、经济性的损失。     

基于EGR的降低4135型柴油机NOx排放技术研究

用GT-power软件创建船用4135型柴油机燃烧室的模型,添加EGR设备,选取柴油机正常运行期间的3个不同的工况,进行不同EGR率的模拟计算,分析柴油机在不同工况下NOx排量、有效功率与EGR率的关系,提出各个工况下的最佳EGR率。结果表明采用EGR技术可以有效降低NOx的尾气排放量。随着废气再循环比例的增加,NOx的产生量逐渐下降。但是废气再循环比例也不能过高,会导致柴油机燃烧不良、功率下降。并使柴油机排放的颗粒增加。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.