光源前置消光法测量缸内碳烟瞬态生成过程

开发了一种全新的碳烟测量方法——光源前置消光法(FILE),并进行了台架开发和标定试验.结果表明,FILE测量碳烟仅需一个光学窗口且激光两次穿过碳烟生成区域,因此更适用于结构位置紧凑的发动机缸内测量.采用高速摄像机拍摄了柴油燃烧过程中碳烟情况.表明:碳烟高密度区主要集中在油束下游火焰中心区和缸壁附近低氧区域;环境温度为...     

稀燃条件下掺烧乙醇重整气对直喷汽油机燃烧及碳烟排放影响的仿真研究

为解决直喷汽油机稀薄气体的燃烧及排放问题,采用掺烧乙醇重整气改善直喷汽油机的性能,并利用CONVERGE三维仿真技术从微观角度解释发动机的性能表现。结果表明,引入乙醇重整气可以改善缸内当量比分布,促进H基、OH基的生成,有助于燃烧的良好进行;随重整气掺混比的升高,HO2和H2O2分布范围更广、浓度更高,在燃烧室内分层现象更加明显;随着重整气掺混比增加到20%,缸内碳烟的生成质量和数量密度峰值分别降低了90%和56.25%,直喷汽油机碳烟排放得到有效改善。     

缸内喷雾燃烧CFD仿真模型校验

摘要：采用AVLFIRE软件,对某重型柴油发动机进行缸内喷雾燃烧过程仿真。利用内窥镜系统,获得缸内喷雾燃烧图像。通过CFD仿真结果与喷雾过程、燃烧火焰、碳烟浓度分布进行定性对比分析,校验了缸内喷雾燃烧CFD仿真模型的准确性。     

柴油-丁醇混合燃料喷雾火焰的两色法测试研究

基于两色法原理,可利用彩色高速相机测量喷雾火焰的温度和炭烟浓度（KL）二维分布的时间演变,为先进柴油机燃烧系统设计提供必要信息。通过使用单台彩色相机的两个独立感光通道,两色法测量装置得到大幅度简化。两色法的测试结果受多种因素影响,例如双波长的选择,带通滤片的透过性,光路的设置等,然而相关研究并不充分。本文在对两色法的测试不确定度及误差进行了分析和讨论之后,并对柴油丁醇混合燃料在不同环境氧体积分数下的火焰温度和炭烟浓度（KL）的时空分布进行了研究。     

压实路基组织光学参数的激光图像无损测量

设计了激光散射图像系统,并采集了3种不同干容重的路基组织的激光高光谱图像.分析了这3种干容重的路基组织的空间分辨漫反射率和距光源入射中心处半径之间的关联性,根据光漫射传输理论分析了路基组织的漫反射光分布规律,并应用非线性最小二乘拟合的方法得到这3种路基的光学参数(波长为632 nm).最后用这些参数进行了蒙特卡罗模拟光...     

带双ω燃烧室柴油机燃烧和排放特性的数值模拟

为了改善柴油机喷雾空间分布和缸内混合气形成质量,提出了一种双ω型燃烧室和与之相匹配的双排喷孔的燃烧系统。应用AVL FIRE软件对油束不同落点位置的缸内喷雾、混合气形成和燃烧过程进行了数值模拟,分析了油束不同落点位置对缸内速度场、浓度场和温度场和燃烧排放特性的影响。结果表明:油束落点位置对燃烧和排放性能影响较大,采用双排喷孔喷油嘴能有效提高可燃混合气的形成质量,而且碳烟排放最大值较采用单排喷孔时降低了57.8%。     

内燃机燃烧过程的光学诊断技术

本文介绍了分析内燃机燃烧过程的各种常用光学诊断技术和国外在这一领域的研究动态。着重阐述了双色法,吸收法,激光透导荧光法、喇曼散射法和CARS法等光谱诊断方法,总结了各种方法的特点,为不同目的的燃烧诊断实验的方案选择提供了一个标准。在各种光谱方法中,激光诱导荧光法是一种很有发展前途的燃烧诊断技术。     

多次喷射对增压直喷汽油机湿壁及碳烟排放影响的数值研究

使用CONVERGE软件对缸内流动、喷雾、混合气形成和燃烧过程进行了仿真研究,尤其对喷射策略的变化对燃油湿壁、混合气分布和碳烟排放的影响进行了详细分析。对比分析了二次喷射方案和三次喷射方案仿真结果,包括滚流比、湍动能、湿壁量、Lambda分布、火焰面发展、碳烟排放等。结果表明:在发动机2 000 r/min,BMEP=0.8 MPa工况下,三次喷射与二次喷射相比,其混合气形成过程更为合理,点火时刻混合气质量较优,缸套湿壁量较高,活塞湿壁量较低,碳烟排放较低。     

基于碳烟粒径分布预测的柴油燃烧机理构建与氧含量影响研究

为预测柴油机碳烟排放的粒径分布，选用90%摩尔分数的正庚烷和10%摩尔分数的甲苯作为柴油替代物，分别构建气相动力学机理和表面动力学机理，并将二者耦合，构建成柴油替代物机理（简称HTS机理），将HTS机理结合矩量法数值模型进行了机理验证，并通过改变进气发动机进气氧的体积分数，进一步研究了氧浓度对碳烟粒径分布的影响。研究结果表明，在滞燃期、层流火焰速度、预混火焰关键组分、预混火焰碳烟粒径分布、柴油机缸压与放热率以及柴油机排放物生成等方面，应用HTS机理计算的模拟值与试验值基本一致。使用HTS机理研究氧浓度对碳烟粒径分布的影响表明：随着氧浓度的增加，碳烟颗粒平均数密度降低、数密度峰值减小、数密度峰值对应的颗粒物直径增大；且小粒径（直径0～50 nm）碳烟的数密度随之降低。     

一种新的HCCI柴油机燃油喷雾特性的PLIF法测试装置

基于激光诱导荧光(PLIF)测试技术的原理，开发了一套可用于同时测量燃油气相和液相二维浓度场的测试系统，该测试系统包括高压燃油喷射系统、电路控制系统、氮气供给系统和可视化发动机。高压电控燃油喷射系统具有喷射压力高，且易于荧光剂的添加等优点，同时可以实现多脉冲燃油喷射。在光学发动机上进行了测试实验，研究了BUMP燃烧室内油束撞壁混合过程，观察了bump限流沿对于促进油气快速混合的现象。     

Soot and temperature distribution in a diesel diffusion flame: 3-D CFD simulation and measurement with laser diagnostics

In this study, a 3-D CFD simulation and laser diagnostics were developed to understand the characteristics of soot generation in a diesel diffusion flame. The recently developed RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations) hybrid combustion model (Extended Coherent Flame Model — 3 Zones, ECFM-3Z model) was used. This industrial, state-ofthe-art model of the diffusion flame is commonly used in diesel combustion models as well as for propagating (premixed) flame combustion. The simulation results were validated with measurements from a constant volume combustion chamber. The experiment revealed that soot accumulated in the chamber where the temperature decreased. Where the temperature increased rapidly, only a little soot accumulated. The temperature and soot distribution were independently examined using both the two-color method and a 3-D CFD simulation for a turbulent diesel diffusion flame.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of fuel mixing effects on soot structures in counterflow diffusion flames

Experimental and numerical analyses of laminar diffusion flames were performed to identify the effect of fuel mixing on soot formation in a counterflow burner. In this experiment, the volume fraction, number density, and particle size of soot were investigated using light extinction/scattering systems. The experimental results showed that the synergistic effect of an ethylene-propane flame is appreciable. Numerical simulations showed that the benzene (C₆H₆) concentration in mixture flames was higher than in ethylene-base flames because of the increase in the concentration of propargyl radicals. Methyl radicals were found to play an important role in the formation of propargyl, and the recombination of propargyl with benzene was found to lead to an increase in the number density for cases exhibiting synergistic effects. These results imply that methyl radicals play an important role in soot formation, particularly with regard to the number density.     

取样式不透光烟度计的设计

介绍了透射消光法烟度测量的理论基础 ,阐述了自行研制的取样式不透光烟度计的设计原则及其各主要组成部分的设计方法。该仪器可用于研究柴油机的瞬态碳烟排放特性和加速烟度     

Evaporating spray and flame distributions in the combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine

The characteristics of an evaporating diesel spray and the flame distribution in a combustion chamber of a D.I. diesel engine were investigated by using the laser light technique. The technique used was based on the extinctions of two wavelengths of ultraviolet and visible laser light. The transmitted laser light absorbed and scattered by the vapor, drops, soot and combustion products in the spray flame were separated into two wavelengths and captured. Further, the light radiated from the flame was imaged using the same measuring system by modifying the optical filters and the timing of the camera shutter.     

进气滚流强度对直喷发动机燃烧特性的影响

以光学单缸直喷汽油发动机作为试验平台,通过在进气法兰处安装不同的滚流导流板调节进气截面积来获得不同强度的滚流气流。利用Converge软件对缸内滚流强度和湍动能进行评估,采用高速彩色相机拍摄不同滚流强度下火焰状态随曲轴转角的变化,同时采用燃烧分析仪采集缸压数据。通过图像处理分离蓝色火焰和黄色火焰,其中,蓝光被认为主要来自火焰中CH释放的化学荧光,而黄光被认为主要来自炭烟颗粒的辐射。试验发现:随着滚流强度的提高,蓝色火焰面积增加,缸内燃烧速率得以提升,缸内平均指示有效压力增强,相关性分析表明,蓝色火焰面积和燃烧放热率有很好的正相关性。同时,黄色火焰随滚流强度增加而减少,表明炭烟生成量降低。此外,燃烧的循环波动也随滚流强度的增加而降低。     

桥梁静载试验中梁截面挠度的激光测试方法

提出了一种大型桥梁结构截面挠度测量的光学方法。在桥塔架设一个自准直激光器,桥梁的待测截面设置接收屏,利用数码摄像机拍摄接收屏接收到的动静态激光光斑图像。通过标定及图像中心法处理,可以计算出所测截面的挠度。该方法在润扬长江公路大桥的动静载试验的静态挠度测试中作为补充方法在南汊悬索桥的L/8截面得以实际应用,结果表明,激光摄影测试与全站仪测试结果基本一致。     

不同裂解条件对甲醇-柴油高温裂解产物的影响研究

采用石英管式流动反应器试验装置,配置不同体积掺混比(M0,M5,M10,M15)的甲醇-柴油混合燃料作为试验燃料,采集了混合燃料在不同裂解温度和甲醇掺混比下的裂解产物。应用气相色谱质谱联用仪GC-MS,对不同裂解条件下12种烃类产物的摩尔分数变化规律进行了研究;采用微克天平和扫描电镜SEM,对甲醇-柴油混合燃料裂解生成的炭烟产率及形貌特征的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:裂解过程中,裂解温度高于973 K时,烷烃和芳香烃的摩尔分数变化率降低,芳香烃的摩尔分数增加,相比于923 K,裂解温度为973 K,1023 K和1073 K时,炭烟产率分别增加了1.7倍、5.1倍和11.6倍;甲醇掺混比增加,烃类物质摩尔分数和炭烟产率降低;裂解温度增加,炭烟的平均粒径降低,乙烷、丙烷、丁烷及丙烯、丁烯、丁二烯的浓度降低;甲醇掺混比增加,炭烟的平均粒径降低,乙烯的摩尔分数增加。     

Effect of fuel injection strategies on the combustion process in a PFI boosted SI engine

A low-cost solution based on fuel injection strategies was investigated to optimize the combustion process in a boosted port fuel injection spark ignition (PFI SI) engine. The goal was to reduce the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions while maintaining performance. The effect of fuel injection was analyzed for the closed and open valve conditions, and the multiple injection strategies (MIS) based on double and triple fuel injection in the open-valve condition. The tests were performed on an optical accessible single-cylinder PFI SI engine equipped with an external boost device. The engine was operated at full load and with a stoichiometric ratio equivalent to that of commercial gasolines. Optical techniques based on 2D-digital imaging were used to follow the flame propagation from the flame kernel to late combustion phase. In particular, the diffusion-controlled flames near the valves and cylinder walls, due to fuel deposition, were studied. In these conditions, the presence of soot was measured by two-color pyrometry, and correlated with engine parameters and exhaust emissions measured by conventional methods. The open valve fuel injection strategies demonstrated better combustion process efficiency than the closed ones. They provided very low soot levels in the combustion chamber and engine exhaust, and a reduction in specific fuel consumption. The multiple injection strategies proved to be the best solution in terms of performance, soot concentration, and fuel consumption.