海底管道卫士“海洋石油791”号下水

正日前,中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司建造的我国首艘海底管道巡检船"海洋石油791"号下水。该船采用DP2动力定位系统及综合导航定位系统,由4台主柴油发电机组向2台推进电动机提供电力,配备了2台全回转舵桨和2台可调桨艏侧推,抗风浪性能良好,能够持久巡线并实现应急响应。船底的中前部设有升降鳍,内装有浅地层剖面仪、多普勒声学海流剖面仪、双频单波束测深仪等大量专业声学测量设备,用于海底管线检测和三维成像系统的数据采集,能及时发现海底管道隐患,还可用于其他科考用途。     

海底管道巡检船电力推进系统概述

本文概述了海底管道巡检船电力推进系统组成及功能,提出了一种新的系统方案,介绍了供电系统,主推进系统及主推遥控系统,并已成功应用在实船上。     

振华重工自主研发落管抛石船

正近日,由振华重工牵头承担的中国交建科研项目"落管抛石船技术研究"完成基本的设计研发工作。该研发项目能够实现精准抛石,基本满足我国绝大部分海上平台、管线、电缆、油气田、风电场的抛石需求,打破了国外落管抛石技术的垄断。水下抛石作为一种海底管道保护措施,已由浅水应用到深水。此前,振华重工曾为港珠澳大桥岛隧     

"海洋石油295"号管道挖沟动力定位工程船

正"海洋石油295"号是由中国船舶与海洋工程设计研究院(MARIC)完全自主开发设计,中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司承制,为海洋石油工程股份有限公司精细打造的管道挖沟动力定位工程船。该船采用全电力推进系统,配备DP2级动力定位系统,可配置自行式挖沟机、浅水射流挖沟机和深水挖沟机等世界主流管道挖沟设备,主要用于中国渤海及东海海域海底管道挖沟、膨胀弯安装、清管试压、应急抢修、潜水作业、ROV支持、海底电缆敷设等作业。     

海底管道稳定性分析

海底管道稳定性设计是海底管道整体设计的起始部分,也是海底管道设计的重要部分,该部分直接决定海管的选择形式。对海底管道稳定性分析的合理性直接影响着海管在整个运营周期内的安全和经济效益。结合现行主流设计规范,讨论海底管道稳定性分析涉及参数,研究海底管道分析设计方法,并为今后海底管道稳定性设计提供合理化建议。     

千米级水深铺管船船体总纵强度校核

本文简要介绍了海洋石油201铺管船在千米级水深铺管工况下的改造设计方案及船体总纵强度校核。为适应千米级水深海底管道铺设作业的使用要求,需对海洋石油201船体结构及设备进行升级改造,同时通过对千米级水深海底管道铺设及PLET下放安装工况的船体总纵强度进行校核,证明改造升级后的海洋石油201具有足够的总纵强度满足千米级水深海底管道铺设的使用要求。     

海上油田维修支持船研发设计

简要介绍自主研发设计的"海上油田维修支持船"的主要技术性能和船型主要技术特点。该船定位为国内一流水平的海上油田维修支持船,具备较强的抗风浪能力,且单船作业能力强、自动化程度高,能为海上维修改造提供全面支持,其各项功能均针对海上油田维修作业实际需求进行设计,能够大幅提高海上施工效率,降低施工风险。     

国内首艘管道挖沟动力定位工程船开工建造

正近日,由中国船舶及海洋工程设计院(MARIC)自主设计,中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司承建的国内首艘管道挖沟动力定位工程船——"海洋石油295"号正式开工建造。该船是一型先进的全电力推进管道挖沟动力定位工程船,主要用于中国渤海及东海海域海底挖沟、     

海底电缆巡检水下机器人的模块化控制系统

为了提高海底电缆巡检水下机器人操控稳定性,进行控制系统的模块化设计,在嵌入式ARM下进行海底电缆巡检水下机器人控制系统优化设计,控制系统分为上位机模块、下位机模块、探测模块、传感信息采集模块、智能信息处理模块和通信传输模块等,将照明传感器和压力传感器置于机器人控制系统的下位机部分,进行图像和环境数据采集,对采集的海底电缆分布信息在智能信息处理模块中实现加工和判断,采用MSP430F149嵌入式控制芯片进行中央控制单元开发,上位机模块实现数据上传和远程通信,采用超低功耗16位单片机MSP430F149进行机器人控制系统的集成信息处理和控制指令传输,实现系统的硬件模块化开发。测试表明,该控制系统具有很好的水下机器人稳定性控制性能,提高对海底电缆的准确巡检能力。     

波浪作用下海底管道在位稳定性分析

基于Gao et al.(2002;2003)得到的描述波浪作用下海底管道在位失稳的Frb-Gb关系,本文提出一种改进的海底管道在位稳定性分析方法,并给出算例.与DnV管道稳定性设计方法不同,本分析方法考虑了"波浪-管道-砂质海床"之间的动力耦合作用.     

采用自动识别系统对水下输气管线、离岸平台和船舶检验评分的实时监测（英文）

The aim of this research is to develop an algorithm and application that can perform real-time monitoring of the safety operation of offshore platforms and subsea gas pipelines as well as determine the need for ship inspection using data obtained from automatic identification system(AIS). The research also focuses on the integration of shipping database,AIS data, and others to develop a prototype for designing a real-time monitoring system of offshore platforms and pipelines. A simple concept is used in the development of this prototype, which is achieved by using an overlaying map that outlines the coordinates of the offshore platform and subsea gas pipeline with the ship's coordinates(longitude/latitude) as detected by AIS. Using such information, we can then build an early warning system(EWS) relayed through short message service(SMS), email, or other means when the ship enters the restricted and exclusion zone of platforms and pipelines. The ship inspection system is developed by combining several attributes. Then, decision analysis software is employed to prioritize the vessel's four attributes, including ship age, ship type, classification, and flag state.Results show that the EWS can increase the safety level of offshore platforms and pipelines, as well as the efficient use of patrol boats in monitoring the safety of the facilities. Meanwhile, ship inspection enables the port to prioritize the ship to be inspected in accordance with the priority ranking inspection score.     

Real-time Monitoring of Subsea Gas Pipelines,Offshore Platforms,and Ship Inspection Scores Using an Automatic Identification System

The aim of this research is to develop an algorithm and application that can perform real-time monitoring of the safety operation of offshore platforms and subsea gas pipelines as well as determine the need for ship inspection using data obtained from automatic identification system (AIS). The research also focuses on the integration of shipping database, AIS data, and others to develop a prototype for designing a real-time monitoring system of offshore platforms and pipelines. A simple concept is used in the development of this prototype, which is achieved by using an overlaying map that outlines the coordinates of the offshore platform and subsea gas pipeline with the ship’s coordinates (longitude/latitude) as detected by AIS. Using such information, we can then build an early warning system (EWS) relayed through short message service (SMS), email, or other means when the ship enters the restricted and exclusion zone of platforms and pipelines. The ship inspection system is developed by combining several attributes. Then, decision analysis software is employed to prioritize the vessel’s four attributes, including ship age, ship type, classification, and flag state. Results show that the EWS can increase the safety level of offshore platforms and pipelines, as well as the efficient use of patrol boats in monitoring the safety of the facilities. Meanwhile, ship inspection enables the port to prioritize the ship to be inspected in accordance with the priority ranking inspection score.     

深水抛石管强度分析与研究

水下抛石作为一种海底管道保护措施之一，在国内外海洋石油开发中已得到广泛应用，现已由浅水应用到深水。本文的研究目标落管抛石船为深水精确抛石作业船型，文章研究了深水抛石作业系统，确定总体落管抛石作业工艺流程，计算出系统中抛石管线的强度，比较了不同航速、水深下抛石管线的强度。后又研究了落管抛石水下机器人（ROV）在管线强度计算中产生的影响与作用，最终确定了这类船型在不同作业水深下的最大航速预报方法。     

海底管道腐蚀后的剩余强度评价

海底管道通常会因腐蚀而形成各种不同类型的缺陷,影响管道的承载能力和使用寿命。本研究在准确掌握管道缺陷发展情况的基础上,分别根据行业规范和采用有限元方法对海上油田含有腐蚀缺陷的原油管线进行剩余强度评价,判定海底管道修复的必要性和修复的紧迫程度,以确定最终的管线修复方案,可供类似海底管道修复工程参考。     

水下管道连接器设计研究及应用

随着全球海洋石油天然气开发从浅水走向深水,由于潜水员下潜深度有限,海底油气管道的连接必须通过水下机器人代替潜水员完成此项工作。因此各种管道连接技术也越来越多地应用于海洋石油开发中。水下管道连接器作为一种重要的自动安装连接装置,涉及到机械、液压、材料、防腐、密封等各个方面,具有免潜水员操作、安装便捷、可靠性高等特点,可广泛应用于水下油气管道连接。本文对已成功应用于南海某气田中水下采气树跨接管连接的水平机械式管道连接器和水下管汇发球器连接的垂直液压式管道连接器,从密封结构、导向结构、锁紧结构的设计进行了深入的阐述,并在连接器样机型式试验、产品防腐、水下安装等方面也进行了详细的说明。     

海港锚地布置相关安全距离研究

针对海港锚地与建构筑物和海底电缆管线等的安全距离问题,对沿海各锚地使用管理单位进行调研,将国内外规范中对于锚地布置安全距离的规定进行对比分析,针对已有的船舶走锚事故报告并结合实时船舶操纵模拟试验进行综合分析,最终得出海港锚地与建筑物、构筑物和海底电缆管线等的安全距离建议值,为海港锚地设计提供依据。     

Development of ship sinking frequency model over Subsea Pipeline for Madura Strait using AIS data

It is important to study the risk posed by heavy shipping traffic to a subsea pipeline located near an industrial port area. In this context, it is essential to estimate the accident frequency in an attempt to eliminate subjectivity in the analysis process. This study proposes a model for estimating the ship sinking frequency over the subsea pipeline in the Madura Strait area. The Madura Strait is one of the busiest shipping lanes in Indonesia. Many ships pass through the fairway in the strait, and many industrial ports have been built in this area. The proposed model is developed based on Fujii’s Model, and it uses Automatic Identification System (AIS) data as a ship traffic survey. Ship sinking accidents are considered based on ship–ship collisions over the critical subsea pipeline area. The ship–ship collision locations around the subsea pipeline and the ship traffic distribution models are estimated using AIS data. The causation probability Pc is determined based on a synthetics approach using a Bayesian network modified from Det Norske Veritas’ and Hänninen’s models. The causation probability is estimated by considering factors such as human performance, weather, technical problems, and support. The proposed model is validated by comparing its result with actual accident records for the Madura Strait area. The ratio value of 0.33 is considered to be reasonably agreement (ratio value ≥0.2).     

Efficient methods to mitigate SCR-induced walking of short subsea flowlines

Steel catenary riser is a long-established option for subsea projects in deep-water regions. Sustained pulling force of steel catenary risers on subsea flowlines in combination with cyclic thermal load throughout the system lifetime may lead to progressive global axial displacement of subsea pipelines which has been termed as ‘walking’. One of the challenges in the deep-water industry is long-term walking of subsea flowlines in a cumulative manner. Common practice methods for walking mitigation are quite expensive operations. State-of-the-art mitigation strategies are proposed in the paper by means of modifying pipe pieces before the installation operation. Bowed pipe pieces and miter joints are two recommended approaches for walking mitigation. The presented mitigation strategies are relatively cost-effective solutions for the pipe-walking challenge and they are able to considerably cease the potential cyclic walking. Comprehensive FE analyses in ABAQUS software are performed to evaluate the proposed deformed pipelines response subject to two loading conditions. Through-life integrity of the suggested pre-deformed pipeline is assessed in terms of effective axial force, local buckles and excessive axial strains. A comparison of the presented method with conventional techniques shows the effectiveness of the proposed configuration. The proposed methods can significantly reduce effective axial force throughout the subsea pipeline by means of artificially introduced deformations. The cumulative walking of the presented method is practically zero. In addition, the influence of combined triggering mechanisms to the walking phenomenon is assessed when the pipeline is located on a sloping seabed and it is subject to non-uniform thermal loads. A parametric study is performed to improve confidence in design and provide a reasonably practical technique with an optimal shape.     

用于预报离岸管线膨胀的简化技术（英文）

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs,which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio(SDR) versus virtual anchor length(LA) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline,offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.     

Simplified Technique for Predicting Offshore Pipeline Expansion

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs, which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio (SDR) versus virtual anchor length (L_A) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline, offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.