采用自动识别系统对水下输气管线、离岸平台和船舶检验评分的实时监测（英文）

The aim of this research is to develop an algorithm and application that can perform real-time monitoring of the safety operation of offshore platforms and subsea gas pipelines as well as determine the need for ship inspection using data obtained from automatic identification system(AIS). The research also focuses on the integration of shipping database,AIS data, and others to develop a prototype for designing a real-time monitoring system of offshore platforms and pipelines. A simple concept is used in the development of this prototype, which is achieved by using an overlaying map that outlines the coordinates of the offshore platform and subsea gas pipeline with the ship's coordinates(longitude/latitude) as detected by AIS. Using such information, we can then build an early warning system(EWS) relayed through short message service(SMS), email, or other means when the ship enters the restricted and exclusion zone of platforms and pipelines. The ship inspection system is developed by combining several attributes. Then, decision analysis software is employed to prioritize the vessel's four attributes, including ship age, ship type, classification, and flag state.Results show that the EWS can increase the safety level of offshore platforms and pipelines, as well as the efficient use of patrol boats in monitoring the safety of the facilities. Meanwhile, ship inspection enables the port to prioritize the ship to be inspected in accordance with the priority ranking inspection score.     

海底管道巡检船研发设计

简要介绍自主研发设计的"海底管道巡检船"船型的主要技术性能和技术特点。该船定位为国内首艘海底管道巡检船,搭载专业声学探测装置,抗风浪性能良好,能够持久巡线并应急响应,其各项功能均针对渤海海域海底管道运维需求进行设计,能够保障海底管道安全运营,排除隐患以避免或最大限度降低管道泄漏造成的损失。     

水下管道连接器设计研究及应用

随着全球海洋石油天然气开发从浅水走向深水,由于潜水员下潜深度有限,海底油气管道的连接必须通过水下机器人代替潜水员完成此项工作。因此各种管道连接技术也越来越多地应用于海洋石油开发中。水下管道连接器作为一种重要的自动安装连接装置,涉及到机械、液压、材料、防腐、密封等各个方面,具有免潜水员操作、安装便捷、可靠性高等特点,可广泛应用于水下油气管道连接。本文对已成功应用于南海某气田中水下采气树跨接管连接的水平机械式管道连接器和水下管汇发球器连接的垂直液压式管道连接器,从密封结构、导向结构、锁紧结构的设计进行了深入的阐述,并在连接器样机型式试验、产品防腐、水下安装等方面也进行了详细的说明。     

用于预报离岸管线膨胀的简化技术（英文）

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs,which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio(SDR) versus virtual anchor length(LA) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline,offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.     

船舶大气污染物岸基嗅探式自动监测系统设计与验证

为实现船舶大气污染物排放量的远程测量,初步筛选出高排放船舶,提高船舶排放监管的针对性和效率,设计一种基于嗅探式传感器的岸基监测设备和配套的软件平台系统。系统通过采集船舶大气污染物浓度数据、船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Indentification System,AIS)数据和气象数据等实时信息,基于船舶尾气排放量在线估算方法、船舶尾气排放扩散数值模拟、观测数据的模式识别算法等,实现船舶尾气排放特征的在线识别和疑似高排放船舶的粗筛。对比在相同环境条件下CALPUFF模型计算得到的气体污染物模拟理论浓度,验证岸基嗅探式自动监测系统的监测可行性和准确性。     

Simplified Technique for Predicting Offshore Pipeline Expansion

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs, which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio (SDR) versus virtual anchor length (L_A) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline, offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.     

深水抛石管强度分析与研究

水下抛石作为一种海底管道保护措施之一，在国内外海洋石油开发中已得到广泛应用，现已由浅水应用到深水。本文的研究目标落管抛石船为深水精确抛石作业船型，文章研究了深水抛石作业系统，确定总体落管抛石作业工艺流程，计算出系统中抛石管线的强度，比较了不同航速、水深下抛石管线的强度。后又研究了落管抛石水下机器人（ROV）在管线强度计算中产生的影响与作用，最终确定了这类船型在不同作业水深下的最大航速预报方法。     

基于虚拟仪器的船舶监控系统研究

船舶监控系统的研究对船舶安全起着至关重要的作用,有助于提升船舶导航能力和海上交通管理能力。该文提出的基于虚拟仪器的船舶监控系统,应用LabVIEW图形化编程语言开发了AIS信息处理系统,能够实时采集网络最新发布的船舶信息数据,进行信息的解析和存储,同时应用Google Earth显示船舶的位置及路径信息。系统选用Kalman滤波对船舶的航迹进行跟踪优化,结合BP神经网络对船舶航迹进行预测。系统可实现AIS数据采集、解析、存储、显示、分析等多项功能。     

AIS（CLASSB）与小船动态监控系统的对比研究

有效的船舶监管对保障海上航行安全有着重要的作用。文中分别对AIS（CLASS B）与小船动态监控系统进行了研究,对比发现,AIS（CLASS B）的使用有利于对小型船只、渔船等的动态监控,保障海上航行安全。     

Development of ship sinking frequency model over Subsea Pipeline for Madura Strait using AIS data

It is important to study the risk posed by heavy shipping traffic to a subsea pipeline located near an industrial port area. In this context, it is essential to estimate the accident frequency in an attempt to eliminate subjectivity in the analysis process. This study proposes a model for estimating the ship sinking frequency over the subsea pipeline in the Madura Strait area. The Madura Strait is one of the busiest shipping lanes in Indonesia. Many ships pass through the fairway in the strait, and many industrial ports have been built in this area. The proposed model is developed based on Fujii’s Model, and it uses Automatic Identification System (AIS) data as a ship traffic survey. Ship sinking accidents are considered based on ship–ship collisions over the critical subsea pipeline area. The ship–ship collision locations around the subsea pipeline and the ship traffic distribution models are estimated using AIS data. The causation probability Pc is determined based on a synthetics approach using a Bayesian network modified from Det Norske Veritas’ and Hänninen’s models. The causation probability is estimated by considering factors such as human performance, weather, technical problems, and support. The proposed model is validated by comparing its result with actual accident records for the Madura Strait area. The ratio value of 0.33 is considered to be reasonably agreement (ratio value ≥0.2).     

复杂海况下工程船的锚泊方案设计

随着海上油气田的不断开发,海管和海缆等海底设施越来越多,海底情况更加复杂,工程船舶在复杂海况中的抛锚就位逐渐成为海上平台安装的最大风险点和难点。KJO油田是一个投产50多年的老油田,随着油田设施不断增加,该油田海底设施的密集程度超过任何一个国内油田。以"蓝疆号"在该油田中进行IWJ-6平台安装为例,介绍了锚泊的方案设计,可供以后类似工程借鉴和参考。     

ROV原理及在我国海洋石油工程中的应用

海洋石油的开发逐渐向深水区域发展，海上平台的建造，离不开导管架安装；的运输也需要铺设海底输油管线，因此，ROV作为一种新型实用的水下作业工具，的作用越发重要起来。深海石油天然气开采后在海洋石油工程项目中     

基于多平台信息融合的船舶导航技术

为保证船舶航行的安全性,对传统综合导航平台的技术实现进行分析,提出基于多平台信息融合的导航技术实现方案。在对船用雷达导航系统（Radar Navigation System,RNS）、船舶自动识别系统（Automatic Identification System,AIS）、罗经和计程仪的导航数据进行分析的基础上,设计以数据融合为支撑的船舶导航系统架构,并以实例验证该技术的可行性和有效性。该技术可有效发挥不同平台的导航信息优势,对船舶综合导航系统的优化具有一定的参考价值。     

海港锚地布置相关安全距离研究

针对海港锚地与建构筑物和海底电缆管线等的安全距离问题,对沿海各锚地使用管理单位进行调研,将国内外规范中对于锚地布置安全距离的规定进行对比分析,针对已有的船舶走锚事故报告并结合实时船舶操纵模拟试验进行综合分析,最终得出海港锚地与建筑物、构筑物和海底电缆管线等的安全距离建议值,为海港锚地设计提供依据。     

海底管道腐蚀后的剩余强度评价

海底管道通常会因腐蚀而形成各种不同类型的缺陷,影响管道的承载能力和使用寿命。本研究在准确掌握管道缺陷发展情况的基础上,分别根据行业规范和采用有限元方法对海上油田含有腐蚀缺陷的原油管线进行剩余强度评价,判定海底管道修复的必要性和修复的紧迫程度,以确定最终的管线修复方案,可供类似海底管道修复工程参考。     

渔港安全监控和信息管理系统研究

渔港是沿海渔区渔船生产、航行,停泊安全的重要基础保障.为加强渔港安全管理、促进渔业经济发展和新农村建设,在研究渔港功能、渔港安全监控和信息管理系统现状的基础上,对船舶动态监控、船岸通信、综合信息管理3个子系统的设计原理和实现途径,对数据接受和处理,船舶动态数据库,目标船化标绘系统,基于AIS(Automatic Identification System)数据的智能船舶动态视频监控4个核心技术问题逐一进行了论述.系统的设计和研发达到了国家中心渔港的建设要求,并满足了渔港安全管理的需要.     

深水钢悬链线立管(SCR)安装分析研究

海管(立管)是海底生产系统和浮武装置之间的关键连接.随着海洋油气开发水深的不断增加,对海管(立管)自身以及辅助施工设备的性能都提出了更高要求,施工及正常作业的安全保证愈加重要.基于立管分析软件Orcaflex,针对项目中的SCR立管进行了安装分析,并依据规范进行应力、应变校核,可为深水安装分析及方案的确定提供一定的技术参考和理论支持.     

铺管船托管架结构动态监测系统的研究应用

近年来结构健康监测技术不断发展,现已成熟应用于桥梁、隧道、船舶以及海洋平台等结构物的健康监测中,但面向铺管船托管架结构健康监测技术的应用研究仍处于空白状态。在此研究背景下,本文以某铺管船为例,研究开发了一套适用于铺管船托管架的结构作业动态监测及预警系统,实现了对托管架结构健康实时和科学的监测。为保证监测系统的安全性,进行了防护密封方案研究,并通过模型试验验证了方案的可靠性。最后通过海上测试采集监测数据,对实测数据进行分析,确保托管架的安全性。     

干式井口半潜式平台技术的发展

随着海上油气生产逐步向深海发展,现有的干式井口支持平台TLP和Spar平台渐渐表现出其局限性,于是提出了将干式井口用于半潜平台的设想。文章介绍了几种新型干式井口半潜平台的设计理念,并指出新型结构设计所面临的新问题,对南海油气开发具有一定的参考意义。     

AIS（CLASS B）船台在应用中需要关注的问题

AIS系统是一种融合现代技术的新型航海助航设备，其对于船舶安全航行、海上交通安全管理、航海安全保障等具有重要作用。时至今日，AIS系统的作用已在我国获得广泛的社会认知，渔船也将推广使用AIS（CLASSB）船台。然而，由于国际标准正在逐步完善等多方面原因，MS（CLASSB）船台在我国的推广可能会遇到一些问题。文中从AIS系统标准、AIS功能、我国AIS岸台系统的建设等几方面分析阐述了所面临的问题，并就此提出了建议，以资借鉴。