Numerical study on bank effects for a ship sailing in shallow channel

A numerical study on bank effects in shallow channels is carried out by using a first-order Rankine source panel method. A container ship sailing along a vertical bank and a sloping bank at different forward speeds, different water depths and different distances between the bank and the ship hull is taken as example. The sway force and yaw moment acting on the hull are calculated and the influences of the speed, water depth and distance between the bank and ship hull on the hydrodynamic force and moment are analyzed. This study can provide insight into the bank effects, as well as to give guidance on ship manoeuvring and control in restricted waterways, which is helpful to the navigation safety.     

Study of tunnel thruster performance and flow by quasi-steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation

A numerical approach based on the solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations using the shear-stress transport(SST) turbulence model has been employed to investigate the hydrodynamic performance and flow of tunnel thrusters.The flow passages between adjacent blades are discretized with prismatic cells so that the boundary layer flow is resolved down to the viscous sub-layer.The hydrodynamic performances predicted by the quasi-steady approach agree well with the experimental data for three impellers covering a range of blade area and pitch.Through analysis of the flow field,the reason why the hub of impeller also contributes to thrust which can amount to 40%—60% of the impeller thrust,and the mechanism of the impeller inducing an axial force on the hull are elucidated.     

Prediction of hydrodynamic forces on a moored ship induced by a passing ship in shallow water using a high-order panel method

A three-dimensional high-order panel method based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) is developed for predicting the hydrodynamic interaction forces on a moored ship induced by a passing ship in shallow water. An NURBS surface is used to precisely represent the hull geometry. Velocity potential on the hull surface is described by B-spline after the source density distribution on the boundary surface is determined. A collocation approach is applied to the boundary integral equation discretization. Under the assumption of low passing speed, the effect of free surface elevation is neglected in the numerical calculation, and infinite image method is used to deal with the finite water depth effect. The time stepping method is used to solve the velocity potential at each time step. Detailed convergence study with respect to time step, panel size and Green function is undertaken. The present results of hydrodynamic forces are compared with those obtained by slender-body theory to show the validity of the proposed numerical method. Calculations are conducted for different water depths and lateral distances between ships, and the detail results are presented to demonstrate the effects of these factors.     

Experimental Study on Ship-Bank Interaction of Very Large Crude Carrier in Shallow Water

In order to assess the influence of ship-bank interaction on ship manoeuvring motion, planar motion mechanism (PMM) tests on a scale model of the KRISO very large crude carrier (KVLCC2) are conducted in different water depths in circulating water channel (CWC). The asymmetric hydrodynamic derivatives are defined to characterize the bank effect, and they are measured through the straight towing test with varying lateral displacements. The linear and nonlinear hydrodynamic derivatives are determined from the test data of the Fourier integral and mathematical regression model. The rudder and heading angles required at equilibrium conditions in different ship-bank distances are calculated by the manoeuvring model. The directional stability with varying ship-bank distances is studied in terms of eigenvalue analysis. Analysis based on the test results shows that the KVLCC2 model ship appears inherently unstable for keeping course in deep and shallow water conditions. When the ship-bank distance decreases, the increasing ship-bank interaction can dramatically affect some parameters of the criteria for course keeping.     

Mechanical Behaviors of Submerged Floating Tunnel under Current Effect

Introduction Submerged floating tunnel ( SFT) provides acomplete new option for crossing of waterways, andcan connect both lands and channels where appropri-ate[1-5]. Being a structure not buried deeply in theground, but suspended in a certain depth below…     

Surge Response of a Compliant Offshore Structure by Time Domain Simulation

A single-degree-of-freedom equation of motion was used for modeling a compliant offshore structure exposed to viscous hydrodynamic loads. The equation of motion contains nonlinearities in the forms of both Duffing stiffness and Morison drag force with current. The water particle velocity and acceleration for calculating the Morison inertia and drag forces are modeled as Gaussian processes based on a Pierson-Moskowitz (P-M) elevation spectrum. The single-degree-of-freedom equation of motion containing different ocean current values are then numerically integrated via a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. Time trajectories of the surge response displacements of the offshore structure and the response probability density curves are obtained. Furthermore, the ocean current influences on the response central moments up to the fourth order are studied. A literature review reveals that this is the first treatment of such a pair of nonlinearities in time domain. The simulation results are analyzed, and some conclusions valuable for engineering design are pointed out.     

Identification of hydrodynamic forces on a flexible pipe near plane boundary subjected to vortex-induced vibrations

Formally,use of system identification techniques to estimate the forces acting on the beam may give information on hydrodynamic forces due to vortex-induced vibrations(VIVs),but no results from such attempts for submarine pipeline spans have been reported.In this study,a pipe model with a mass ratio(mass/displaced mass) of 2.62 is tested in a current tank.The gap ratios(gap to pipe diameter ratio) at the pipe ends are 2.0,4.0, 6.0 and 8.0.The response of the model is measured using optical fiber strain gauges.A modal approach linked to a finite element method is used to estimate the hydrodynamic forces from measurement.The hydrodynamic force at the dominant response frequency is the major concern,and the lift force and added mass coefficients are calculated.Response calculations are performed using force coefficients from the inverse force analysis and the calculated results are in accordance with the experimental data.     

Computational Fluid Dynamics Uncertainty Analysis for Simulations of Roll Motions for a 3D Ship

The roll motions are influenced by significant viscous effects such as the flow separation.The 3D simulations of free decay roll motions for the ship model DTMB 5512 are carried out by Reynold averaged NavierStokes(RANS) method based on the dynamic mesh technique.A new moving mesh technique is adopted and discussed in details for the present simulations.The purpose of the research is to obtain accurate numerical prediction for roll motions with their respective numerical/modeling errors and uncertainties.Errors and uncertainties are estimated by performing the modern verification and validation(VV) procedures.Simulation results for the free-floating surface combatant are used to calculate the linear,nonlinear damping coefficients and resonant frequencies including a wide range of forward speed.The present work can provide a useful reference to calculate roll damping by computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method and simulate a general ship motions in waves.     

双体船平移操纵水动力性能试验研究

介绍了用船模拖曳试验来确定某喷水推进双体船平移运动水动力特性的方法,并对试验结果进行了分析.通过船模试验发现,船体平移时的水动力大小随航速增加而快速增加,在同一航速但不同尾斜角下水动力大小也各不相同;水动力的方向和水动力作用点的位置随航速的改变而改变,但变化幅度不大,受尾斜角影响较大.准确掌握船体平移运动水动力特性,可为合理制定喷水推进器的控制策略,充分发挥喷水推进船优异的机动性、操纵性提供理论依据.     

考虑动水压力作用的深水桥墩地震响应分析

采用附加质量的形式考虑动水压力对桥墩的影响,以ANSYS有限元软件为计算平台,建立单墩模型并进行深水桥墩地震响应分析。得出动水压力改变桥墩的地震反应特性,增大了桥墩墩顶位移和墩底内力,并且动水压力作用还与结构本身质量和周期有关等结论。通过对连续梁桥和连续刚构桥的分析,验证了动水压力作用与结构固有周期有关,随着固有周期的增大,动水压力对结构的影响越小。     

大跨度钢桁斜拉桥上无缝线路制动力的计算

为探讨大跨度钢桁斜拉桥上无缝线路制动力的传力机制,基于有限元法和梁轨相互作用理论,建立了反映斜拉索、主塔、半漂浮体系等桥梁特征的梁轨纵向相互作用平面模型,分析了斜拉索刚度、主塔刚度以及半漂浮体系中粘滞阻尼器对制动力的影响,并提出了制动力的简化算法.研究结果表明:制动力满足斜拉桥上铺设无缝线路的要求,且其分布规律与普通桥上相同;粘滞阻尼器对制动荷载下斜拉桥上无缝线路梁轨相互作用的改善较明显,有效降低了梁轨相对位移,减小了制动力;与主塔刚度相比,斜拉索刚度对桥上无缝线路制动力的影响较大,因此,设计桥上无缝线路时,可只考虑斜拉索刚度的影响.     

Dynamic model of underwater snake-like robot using Kane’s method

In this paper, a dynamic model for an underwater snake-like robot is developed based on Kane＇s dynamic equations. This methodology allows construction of the dynamic model simply and incrementally. The partial velocity is deduced. The forces which contribute to dynamics are determined by Kane＇s approach. The generalized active forces and the generalized inertia forces are deduced. The model developed in this paper includes inertia force, inertia moment, gravity, control torques, and three major hydrodynamic forces： added mass, profile drag and buoyancy. The equations of hydrodynamic forces are deduced. Kane＇s method provides a direct approach for incorporating external environmental forces into the model. The dynamic model developed in this paper is obtained in a closed form which is well suited for control purposes. It is also computationally efficient and has physical insight into what forces really influence the system dynamics. The simulation result shows that the proposed method is feasible.     

基于浅水海浪数值模型的近岸海浪仿真

针对航海模拟器中视景仿真的要求,对海浪进行实时仿真.在分析近岸水波模拟中几何合成法和物理方法的基础上,提出一种利用浅水海浪SWAN数值模型的近岸海浪仿真方法.该方法基于Gerstner海浪波形,通过对需要模拟水域进行水深数据采集,应用SWAN对网格化水深数据进行相应的计算,得到近岸海域的波高、相位以及频率数据.通过采样得到Gerstner波形所需参数进行合成.基于GPU实现了LOD海面的几何绘制和光学效果.实验表明,该方法在满足近岸水波数值特性的同时,绘制方法简单且速度快,能够满足航海模拟器近岸航行训练的需求.     

孤立波浪边界干扰下流线型箱梁气动特性

近海流线型箱梁主梁距水面较低时,气动特性极易受到极端波浪边界的干扰.为研究极端波浪边界干扰下流线型箱梁气动特性,以孤立波浪模拟极端波浪,基于FLUENT软件,采用铺层网格技术建立了模拟运动孤立波浪边界干扰下流线型箱梁气动特性的数值模型;利用所建立并验证的数值模型研究了不同参数下运动孤立波浪边界对流线型箱梁气动特性（静气动力系数、涡量场以及平均压力系数和脉动压力系数分布）的干扰.分析结果表明：不同孤立波浪边界运动速度干扰下流线型箱梁气动特性明显区别于无波浪工况;随波浪边界运动,迎风角处剪切层方向相比于梁底转折角处（8°风攻角）及梁顶转折角处（-8°风攻角）剪切层方向变化明显;在运动孤立波浪边界干扰下,箱梁抖振响应会随风攻角幅值增大呈增大趋势.     

地震作用下动水压力对深水桥墩的影响

采用Morison方程、Westergarrd方程、流固耦合分析动水压力对桥墩的影响。研究发现:随着水深的增加地震响应会增大;流固耦合理论计算得到的结果小于附加质量法得到的结果;当相对水深较小时,Morison方程计算结果偏于保守,相对水深增大,Westergarrd方程计算结果更加保守,且随着水深增大,响应增大较快;水深对墩底弯矩的影响小于对墩底剪力的影响。     

三维波浪作用下大直径圆柱绕流的数值模拟

为探讨三维波浪与结构物的相互作用,以两相流概念、大涡模拟的不可压缩粘性流体运动方程和自由水面追踪分段线性近似的流体体积(VOF)法为基础,建立了三维波浪与结构物相互作用的数学模型;对三维波浪作用下大直径圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟,用两步边界定位法和虚拟边界力法确定波浪与结构物接触面.结果表明:大直径圆柱绕流系数的数值计算结果与理论解吻合,所建立的数学模型能够很好地模拟三维波浪与结构物的相互作用.     

舰船水压场实验的新方法

舰船水压场是舰船目标自身的特性之一.在压力直接测量法基础上,研制了舰船速度-压力场和舰船浪高-压力场套联合测试系统,建立了基于扰动速度和表面波高间接获取舰船水压场的理论反演模型,通过船模实验验证了所提出的2种方法效果良好.     

动水压力对连续刚构桥梁地震响应的影响

为了研究地震作用下深水薄壁空心桥墩内外域水体动水压力对连续刚构桥梁动力响应的影响,应用流固耦合有限元理论,考虑重力、纵向预应力和动水压力,建立了庙子坪岷江大桥连续刚构桥梁的计算模型,并采用实测的地震波进行计算.结果表明:动水压力对连续刚构桥梁自振频率和振型的影响不大,前30阶频率降低率最大值约为8％,箱梁各部分横向位移峰值增量在10％～20％之间,主墩内力峰值增量最大值约170％,箱梁内力峰值增量最大值约75％;地震加速度、桥墩入水深度是影响动水压力的重要因素.     

钢-混凝土双面组合连续箱梁负弯矩区有限元分析

钢-混凝土双面组合箱梁是由两个H型钢作钢骨架,并与上下两块混凝土板组合形成的箱形截面,可用于连续梁的负弯矩区。推导得到了负弯矩区截面弹性刚度和塑性极限弯矩的计算公式。建立集中力作用下双面组合连续箱梁负弯矩区的Ansys分析模型,得到了组合梁的荷载挠度曲线、截面应力和应变变化曲线以及钢与混凝土交界面的纵向滑移分布。与双主梁组合梁和普通组合箱梁的受力性能做比较,显示了双面组合箱梁承载能力和变形能力的优越性。     

关于公路桥梁冲击系数的探讨

参照简化的车辆模型和桥梁模型建立车-桥相互作用的数学模型,给出在移动车辆荷栽作用下连续梁桥各截面动力响应的时程曲线和连续梁桥前几阶模态的振型曲线,研究表明,连续粱桥各控制截面起主要作用的模态并不都一样;另外,数值分析表明,对于连续梁桥,冲击系数公式仅考虑桥梁第一阶频率是不合理的。