船舶近岸航行岸壁效应数值研究

岸壁效应对近岸航行船舶的安全性有重要影响,若操作不当常会造成船舶过度与岸壁接近而发生碰撞.文中以系列60(Cb=0.6)船型为例,采用一种一阶Rankine源面元法计算其在浅水域中以恒定速度沿3种不同岸壁航行时受到的横向力和首摇力矩,分析了水深、船到岸壁距离、岸壁倾斜角度以及下潜岸壁高度等对船舶受到的水动力的影响.     

Computation of the viscous hydrodynamic forces on a KVLCC2 model moving obliquely in shallow water

The viscous hydrodynamic force and moment on ships moving obliquely in shallow water axe important for ship navigation safety. In the paper, the viscous flow field around a KVLCC2 model moving obliquely in shallow water is simulated and the hydrodynamic drag, lateral force and yaw moment acting on the hull are obtained by a general purpose computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package FLUENT with shear-stress transport (SST) k-w turbulence model. The numerical computation is performed at different drift angels and water depths. The numerical results are compared with experimental results, and a good agreement is demonstrated.     

Method to calculate resistance of high-speed displacement ship taking the effect of dynamic sinkage and trim and fluid viscosity into account

A method is presented to calculate the resistance of a high-speed displacement ship taking the effect of sinkage and trim and viscosity of fluid into account. A free surface flow field is evaluated by solving Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with volume of fluid (VoF) method. The sinkage and trim are computed by equating the vertical force and pitching moment to the hydrostatic restoring force and moment. The software Fluent, Maxsurf and MATLAB are used to implement this method. With dynamic mesh being used, the position of a ship is updated by the motion of ??ship plus boundary layer?? grid zone. The hull factors are introduced for fast calculating the running attitude of a ship. The method has been applied to the ship model INSEAN2340 for different Froude numbers and is found to be efficient for evaluating the flow field, resistance, sinkage and trim.     

Prediction of hydrodynamic forces on a moored ship induced by a passing ship in shallow water using a high-order panel method

A three-dimensional high-order panel method based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) is developed for predicting the hydrodynamic interaction forces on a moored ship induced by a passing ship in shallow water. An NURBS surface is used to precisely represent the hull geometry. Velocity potential on the hull surface is described by B-spline after the source density distribution on the boundary surface is determined. A collocation approach is applied to the boundary integral equation discretization. Under the assumption of low passing speed, the effect of free surface elevation is neglected in the numerical calculation, and infinite image method is used to deal with the finite water depth effect. The time stepping method is used to solve the velocity potential at each time step. Detailed convergence study with respect to time step, panel size and Green function is undertaken. The present results of hydrodynamic forces are compared with those obtained by slender-body theory to show the validity of the proposed numerical method. Calculations are conducted for different water depths and lateral distances between ships, and the detail results are presented to demonstrate the effects of these factors.     

Slamming and Green Water Loads on Bow-Flare Ship in Regular Head Waves Investigated by Hydroelasticity Theory and Experiment

With the development of ships towards large scale, high speed and light weight, ship hydroelastic responses and slamming strength issues are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, a time-domain nonlinear hydroelasticity theory is developed to predict ship motion and load responses in harsh regular waves.Hydrostatic restoring force, wave excitation force and radiation force are calculated on the instantaneously wetted body surface to consider the nonlinear effects caused by large amplitude motions of ship in steep waves. A twodimensional(2 D) generalized Wagner model and a one-dimensional(1 D) dam-breaking model are used to estimate the impact loads caused by bow flare slamming and green water on deck, respectively; the impact loads are coupled with the hydroelastic equation in time-domain. Moreover, segmented model tests are carried out in a towing tank to investigate the wave and slamming loads acting on the hull sailing in harsh regular head waves and also validate the numerical results.     

波浪激励下红土镍矿运输船舶倾覆机理

选取具有典型流态化货物特征的红土镍矿、高岭土与红砂土进行了临界含水率和流态化试验, 测定了其临界含水率; 利用激励横摇装置开展了不同激励幅值与频率的激励横摇运动试验, 对比了3种不同货物在不同含水率下倾覆力和力矩的时历特性; 设计了倾覆机理试验, 选择临界含水率红土镍矿作为试验样本, 在波浪水槽中造波激励舱段横摇运动, 再现了红土镍矿运输船舶的倾覆过程, 利用高速摄像机记录了自由液面变化情况, 通过图像处理技术对自由液面进行分割, 根据自由液面情况分析了红土镍矿运输船舶倾覆过程中舱段的浮心和重心变化。试验结果表明: 红土镍矿、红砂土、高岭土的临界含水率分别为33.6%、22.0%、39.4%;对于具有不同性质的土, 在相同激励条件下, 晃荡力与力矩呈现出不同的性质; 当相位差为90°与270°时, 不对称力矩较相位差为0°与180°时增大4.37倍; 红土镍矿运输船舶倾覆主要原因为流态化货物晃荡导致横摇力矩增大、动稳性降低而发生倾覆, 同时, 晃荡力矩与货物性质、激励周期、黏性、激励幅值等多种因素有关。      

Tool for Predicting the Ultimate Bending Moment of Ship and Ship-Shaped Hull Girders

The present paper presents a historical review associated with the research works on hull girder strength of ship and ship-shaped structures. Then, a new program is developed to determine the ultimate vertical bending moment of hull girder by applying direct method, stress distribution method, and progressive collapse analysis method. Six ships and ship-shaped structures used in the benchmark study of International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC) in 2012 are adopted as examples. The calculation results by applying the developed program are analyzed and compared with the existing results. Finally, the roles of the developed program and its further development are discussed.     

Dynamic response of warship structure under air non-contact explosion

The ship hull is simplified as a free beam with varying sections. Based on hydroelasticity and explosion mechanics theory,mechanical model and kinetic equation for hull girder vibration under non-contact explosion are established. The equation is solved by Wilson-θ algorithm. On the basis of the above principles,a structure kinetics analysis program is compiled. The dynamic response of supposed warship under air explosion is calculated conveniently and quickly. Under the explosion condition designed in the paper,the positive pressure period of non-contact explosion wave is much less than the natural periods of the first four modes of hull girder and the resonance of ship girder overall vibration can be avoided. The ratio of midship maximum moment to ultimate bearing strength under non-contact explosion accelerates with the increment of impact factor.     

基于傅汝德-克雷洛夫力非线性法的规则波浪中船舶运动数学模型

为准确预报规则波浪中船舶的运动, 提出基于四叉树划分的自适应网格法, 以生成船舶瞬时湿表面, 在船舶瞬时湿表面上计算傅汝德-克雷洛夫(F-K)力与静恢复力; 对于与波面相交的面元, 由于F-K力在波面处剧烈波动, 采用四叉树划分法进一步细分面元; 基于线性理论, 采用瞬时自由面格林函数在船舶平均湿表面上计算扰动力; 为避免瞬时自由面格林函数在自由液面处剧烈波动产生严重数值误差, 舍去扰动势所满足边界积分方程中的水线项, 并对迎浪前进速度为傅汝德数0.2的WigleyⅠ型船舶进行数值计算。计算结果表明: 对低于瞬时波面以下的船体部分, F-K力非线性法所需面元数更少, 为细网格法的1/4~1/8;除不规则频率外, 舍去与未舍去水线项所得水动力系数与试验值的相对误差分别小于33.4%、54.8%, 因此, 舍去水线项所得水动力系数更接近试验结果; 当入射波波幅为0.018 m, 波长与船长比为1.25时, 采用F-K力非线性法与线性法所得纵摇幅值响应因子的计算结果分别比试验值低3.2%、17.0%, 波长与船长比为2.00时, 采用F-K力非线性法与线性法所得纵摇幅值响应因子的计算结果分别比试验值低6.7%、13.5%, 可见, 采用F-K力非线性法能够准确地仿真规则波浪中船舶的运动。      

基于CFD的30000吨载货教学实习船阻力数值模拟

为了对船舶阻力进行精确预报,选取30 000 t载货教学实习船为研究对象,基于CFD对静水中不同航速的船舶阻力进行数值模拟,建立三维船体模型,采用局部加密进行网格处理,使用Standard k-ε湍流模型,利用VOF法追踪自由液面,将结果与船模试验数据进行比较表明,该方法计算速度快,成本低,预报精度较高,具有重要工程意义.     

小水线面双体船兴波阻力特性研究

介绍了基于米切尔Michell瘦船理论的一种小水线面双体船SWATH兴波阻力计算基本原理．运用敞篷函数对船体表面及流场进行了线性近似,建立了数值计算模型,对一类直／斜支柱SWATH兴波阻力进行计算,重点分析了支柱间距、倾角变化对兴波阻力的影响,并将计算结果与实验测试进行对比,二者基本吻合,证明该方法用于计算SWATH的兴波阻力是可行和有效的．     

规则波中船舶复原力变化计算

基于切片理论,利用3个坐标系之间的转换关系,建立了任意规则波中重力与浮力平衡及纵倾力矩为零的瞬时静平衡方程,提出了任意规则波中船体各横剖面左右舷与波面一组或多组交点的求法及各浸水剖面面积的通用计算法;基于Froude-Krylov假说研究了规则波中船舶的复原力变化.通过对一艘油船的各种瞬时状态的计算,得到波浪中船舶的复原力变化特性.计算结果表明船-波相对位置是影响波浪中复原力变化的一个至关重要因素,且波浪中船舶复原力在横倾大角度时表现出明显的非线性.     

基于三维时域Green函数法的船舶在规则波浪中的运动数学模型

在小时间区域采用级数展开法, 在大时间区域采用渐进展开法, 在大、小时间过渡区域采用精细积分法, 对三维时域Green函数进行数值计算; 采用线性叠加原理求解船舶辐射与绕射问题, 构造出船舶在规则波浪中的运动数学模型, 并采用数值方法计算WigleyⅠ型船舶和S60型船舶以Froude数为0.2迎波浪航行时的水动力系数、波浪激励力与运动时间历程。计算结果表明: 由于不规则频率的影响, 当量纲一频率为1.7时, WigleyⅠ型船舶的垂荡附加质量计算结果比试验结果小44%, 当量纲一频率为2.5时, S60型船舶的纵摇阻尼系数计算结果比试验结果小43%;随着入射波频率的增加, WigleyⅠ型船舶和S60型船舶的水动力系数和波浪激励力的大部分计算结果与试验结果的相对误差小于30%, 且二者的变化趋势一致; 对于WigleyⅠ型船舶, 当波长与船长比为1.25时, 采用三维时域方法计算的垂荡幅值响应因子和纵摇幅值响应因子分别比试验值小11.3%和4.8%, 采用三维频域方法计算的垂荡幅值响应因子比试验值大48.4%, 纵摇幅值响应因子比试验值小48.4%, 当波长与船长比为1.50时, 采用三维时域方法计算的垂荡幅值响应因子和纵摇幅值响应因子分别比试验值小3.0%和11.3%, 采用三维频域方法计算的垂荡幅值响应因子比试验值大9.8%, 纵摇幅值响应因子比试验值小23.6%。可见, 采用三维时域方法能准确地仿真船舶在波浪中的运动时间历程。      

Geometry modeling of ship hull based on non-uniform B-spline

In order to generate the three-dimensional (3-D) hull surface accurately and smoothly, a mixed method which is made up of non-uniform B-spline together with an iterative procedure was developed. By using the iterative method the data points on each section curve are calculated and the generalized waterlines and transverse section curves are determined. Then using the non-uniform B-spline expression, the control vertex net of the hull is calculated based on the generalized waterlines and section curves. A ship with tunnel stern was taken as test case. The numerical results prove that the proposed approach for geometry modeling of 3-D ship hull surface is accurate and effective.     

Research of interaction force coefficients based on model test in loading condition

It is very difficult,for the component-type ship mathematical model,to estimate the interaction force coefficients among the hull,propeller and rudder. Some coefficients such as wake fraction and flow straightening coefficient were studied from the model tests in diffierent loading conditions and the normal force of rudder was tested in captive model tests to obtain the coefficients. From these results of the tests,the flow straightening coefficients increase with the increase of trims or drafts. Similarly,...     

船舶气泡润滑技术简介

目前,燃油价格不断上涨、市场不确定性突显、竞争日益激烈、气候变化以及社会上对环境保护的压力越来越大,迫使全球航运业在2020年之前要做出变化,采用新技术新概念以适应航运市场需求。本文介绍了一种通过向船舶底部注入气泡从而减小船舶与海水之间摩擦力的新型船舶节能减排技术：船舶气泡润滑技术。     

薄膜型LNG船船体结构晃荡强度研究

船体结构晃荡强度评估是保证薄膜型LNG船（No96型）安全航行的重要环节.参考一般液货船舶及薄膜型LNG船绝缘层晃荡强度评估方法,结合其自身特点,提出完整的针对No96型LNG船船体结构的晃荡强度评估方法.以某薄膜型LNG船为例进行了晃荡强度评估整个流程计算,并针对膨胀珍珠岩密度展开讨论.     

舰载直升机甲板牵引系统运动稳定性分析

为了研究舰船上直升机牵引系统的动力学性能,分析影响其稳定性的主要因素,建立了运动甲板上牵引系统力学模型,分析了船体横摇、纵摇和垂荡3个自由度的耦合运动对直升机牵引系统产生的惯性力、轮胎垂直载荷对轮胎侧偏刚度的影响.在此模型基础上,推导了具有周期系数的四自由度扰动方程,运用Floquet理论分析直升机牵引系统运动稳定性.结果表明:2级以上海况下,牵引系统的临界速度与陆地上相比大幅度降低,最小降幅为70%;随着直升机与牵引车质量比的减少和牵引车后轮侧偏刚度的增大,牵引系统的稳定性提高.     

Experimental Study on Ship-Bank Interaction of Very Large Crude Carrier in Shallow Water

In order to assess the influence of ship-bank interaction on ship manoeuvring motion, planar motion mechanism (PMM) tests on a scale model of the KRISO very large crude carrier (KVLCC2) are conducted in different water depths in circulating water channel (CWC). The asymmetric hydrodynamic derivatives are defined to characterize the bank effect, and they are measured through the straight towing test with varying lateral displacements. The linear and nonlinear hydrodynamic derivatives are determined from the test data of the Fourier integral and mathematical regression model. The rudder and heading angles required at equilibrium conditions in different ship-bank distances are calculated by the manoeuvring model. The directional stability with varying ship-bank distances is studied in terms of eigenvalue analysis. Analysis based on the test results shows that the KVLCC2 model ship appears inherently unstable for keeping course in deep and shallow water conditions. When the ship-bank distance decreases, the increasing ship-bank interaction can dramatically affect some parameters of the criteria for course keeping.     

船后伴流场影响因素的数值研究

以某型集装箱船为研究对象,使用PARNASSOS软件进行了船后伴流场影响因素的数值研究.采用GMS软件为前处理器,采用NAPA软件的Transformation模块进行线型变换,并将所建模型导入PARNASSOS进行伴流场的计算;计算结果与实验值比较,验证了该方法的有效性.在此基础上,以平均伴流和伴流目标函数（WOF）作为计算结果的衡量标准,依次研究了方形系数、尾部U,V度、船体长宽比、航速和桨盘面位置等对伴流场的影响.