基于NURBS的三维船体曲面重构

针对重大件货仿真系统中船体曲面造型问题，给出了基于NURBS(非均匀有理B样条方法)技术重构船体曲面的主要步骤。对于给定的船舶型值点，用累加弦长参数化方法构造节点矢量，用非均匀有理B样条方法进行横剖线和水线的全局插值，并构造出规整的船体曲面的插值点网格，进而重构出以NURBS为统一数学表达式的船体曲面。仿真结果表明应用NURBS方法重构出的三维船体具有高度真实感。     

Prediction of hydrodynamic forces on a moored ship induced by a passing ship in shallow water using a high-order panel method

A three-dimensional high-order panel method based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) is developed for predicting the hydrodynamic interaction forces on a moored ship induced by a passing ship in shallow water. An NURBS surface is used to precisely represent the hull geometry. Velocity potential on the hull surface is described by B-spline after the source density distribution on the boundary surface is determined. A collocation approach is applied to the boundary integral equation discretization. Under the assumption of low passing speed, the effect of free surface elevation is neglected in the numerical calculation, and infinite image method is used to deal with the finite water depth effect. The time stepping method is used to solve the velocity potential at each time step. Detailed convergence study with respect to time step, panel size and Green function is undertaken. The present results of hydrodynamic forces are compared with those obtained by slender-body theory to show the validity of the proposed numerical method. Calculations are conducted for different water depths and lateral distances between ships, and the detail results are presented to demonstrate the effects of these factors.     

Numerical research on wave-making resistance of trimaran

A 3D rankine panel method was developed for calculating the linear wave-making resistance of a tri-maran with Wigiey hulls. In order to calculate the normal vector and derivative of the body surface accurately,non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) was adopted to represent body surface and rankine source density.The radiation condition is satisfied using the numerical technology of staggered grids. Numerical results showthat the linear wave-making resistance of the trimaran can be calculated effectively using this method.     

基于NURBS的船体曲面自适应三角网格剖分

针对面向曲面的三维船体性能计算和真实感图形显示问题,应用NURBS曲线、曲面理论,提出一种新颖的船体NURBS曲面三角形网格自动生成算法,运用四角编码方法和改进的曲面片平坦性检验方法,保证在递归分割船体NURBS曲面时,能够快速有效地分割出四边形网格,在曲面片的高度方向和边界处同时满足给定的精度要求,在此基础上,应用割角剖分算法将一个四边形网格剖分成两个或多个三角形网格。应用结果表明,应用该算法生成的三角形平面片能够较好地逼近船体曲面,避免出现网格间的裂缝,与二叉树、四叉树方法相比,四角编码方法明显节省了时间和空间,提高了算法效率。     

A Methodology for Curve and Surface Fitting with Adaptive Fairing for Digitized Points

Introduction In the process of part or product design, re-verse engineering is a method for constructing aCAD model from the physical part that already ex-ists[1-4]. The whole process starts from digitizingthe part, i.e., the measuring of coordinates of t…     

二次B样条曲线的反问题求解

本文给出二次均匀 B 样条曲线反问题解法的两种计算格式,并给出稳定性分析;导出二次非均匀 B 样条曲线的矩阵表达式及反问题求解方法.     

基于傅汝德-克雷洛夫力非线性法的规则波浪中船舶运动数学模型

为准确预报规则波浪中船舶的运动, 提出基于四叉树划分的自适应网格法, 以生成船舶瞬时湿表面, 在船舶瞬时湿表面上计算傅汝德-克雷洛夫(F-K)力与静恢复力; 对于与波面相交的面元, 由于F-K力在波面处剧烈波动, 采用四叉树划分法进一步细分面元; 基于线性理论, 采用瞬时自由面格林函数在船舶平均湿表面上计算扰动力; 为避免瞬时自由面格林函数在自由液面处剧烈波动产生严重数值误差, 舍去扰动势所满足边界积分方程中的水线项, 并对迎浪前进速度为傅汝德数0.2的WigleyⅠ型船舶进行数值计算。计算结果表明: 对低于瞬时波面以下的船体部分, F-K力非线性法所需面元数更少, 为细网格法的1/4~1/8;除不规则频率外, 舍去与未舍去水线项所得水动力系数与试验值的相对误差分别小于33.4%、54.8%, 因此, 舍去水线项所得水动力系数更接近试验结果; 当入射波波幅为0.018 m, 波长与船长比为1.25时, 采用F-K力非线性法与线性法所得纵摇幅值响应因子的计算结果分别比试验值低3.2%、17.0%, 波长与船长比为2.00时, 采用F-K力非线性法与线性法所得纵摇幅值响应因子的计算结果分别比试验值低6.7%、13.5%, 可见, 采用F-K力非线性法能够准确地仿真规则波浪中船舶的运动。      

潜艇螺旋桨直接辐射噪声的数值计算

采用计算流体力学与声学边界元方法相结合求解了潜艇尾部大侧斜螺旋桨的直接辐射噪声.与一般螺旋桨噪声计算不同的是,螺旋桨非定常计算时引入了潜艇尾部桨盘面的速度分布作为非均匀来流,能够提供更加真实的螺旋桨脉动压力源场.提取桨叶表面的声偶极源项后,采用边界元方法,求解FW-H方程,得到了螺旋桨空间测点的声压谱和总声级.桨盘面速度分布由全附体潜艇粘性流场数值计算得到,其可信性由艇体表面的压力系数与试验值的比较给予了验证.螺旋桨数值模型的可信性由敞水特性预报值与试验值的比较进行了验证.     

Multi-Objective Optimization of Rail Pre-Grinding Profile in Straight Line for High Speed Railway

In order to modify the rail pre-grinding profile smoothly, non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve with weight factors is used to establish a parameterized model of the profile. A wheel-rail contact stochastic finite element model (FEM) is constructed by the Latin hypercube sampling method and 3D elasto-plastic FEM, in which the wheelset’s lateral displacement quantity is regarded as a random variable. The maximum values of nodal accumulated contact stress (NACS) and nodal mean contact stress (NMCS) in different pre-grinding profiles with differential weight factors are calculated and taken as the training samples to establish two Kriging models. A multi-objective optimization model of pre-grinding profile is established, in which the objective functions are the NACS and NMCS Kriging models. The optimum weight factors are sought using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), and the corresponding optimum pre-grinding profile is obtained. The contact stress calculation before and after optimization indicates that the maximum values of NACS and NMCS decline significantly.     

框架结构箱型构件的通用齐次广义屈服函数

为了克服传统广义屈服函数的局限性，建立了适用于平面和空间框架结构，且对截面几何尺寸不敏感的箱型构件通用齐次广义屈服函数，提出了箱型框架极限承载力分析的高效线弹性迭代方法. 首先，通过对比分析遴选出对截面几何参数不敏感的箱型截面广义屈服函数作为基准；然后，根据全面试验法确定了拟合配点，并通过回归分析建立了考虑轴力和双向弯矩联合作用的箱型截面通用齐次广义屈服函数；最后，结合弹性模量缩减策略，提出了箱型截面框架结构极限承载力分析的高效线弹性迭代方法. 研究结果表明:建立的箱型截面通用齐次广义屈服函数不仅克服了普通广义屈服函数计算结果不稳定的缺陷，而且克服了现存齐次广义屈服函数存在的对截面几何尺寸敏感且不适用于空间结构等问题；建立的结构极限承载力分析的方法较传统的弹塑性增量分析法相对误差不超过3%，且计算时间不足传统分析法的10%，均表明本文建立方法的精确性和适用性.      

三维潮流数值预报方法

为了满足船舶驾驶员在航海活动中及时获取沿海潮流信息的需要,采用Backhaus三维非线性分层潮流数值模型,计算了黄海与渤海7000余计算点不同深度的潮流调和常数,开发了黄海与渤海三维潮流数值预报软件。实验结果表明,该软件可以在船上即时预报黄海与渤海任意点、任意时刻不同深度的潮流信息,同时可以在电子海图上显示出海区的潮流场,预报的表层潮流流向、流速曲线与实测海流曲线变化趋势一致,拟合良好,精度较高,达到了实用的程度,可以较好地为航海活动提供服务,保障船舶航行的安全。     

基于三次样条插值的船舶邦戎曲线计算

以船舶型值表为基础,利用三次样条插值函数近似船体曲线,然后用Simpson积分法得出船舶邦戎曲线,提高了邦戎曲线的精度.详细介绍了该方法的计算机算法,并用C#高级编程语言进行了编程计算.     

局部气垫双体船阻力性能及片体间距优化研究

基于流体计算软件STAR-CCM＋,使用VOF法模拟自由液面,联立求解N-S方程及运动方程,并结合湍流模型RNGk-ε及DFBI六自由度模型,对局部气垫双体船型阻力性能进行数值模拟计算,计算结果与船模水池试验结果吻合,精度可信,验证了此该数值方案的可行性.在此基础上,针对局部气垫双体船的片体间距对阻力性能的影响进行数值仿真计算,并对结果进行对比分析,得到了不同片体间距下的阻力变化趋势.针对该局部气垫双体船,综合考虑越峰性能及高速段、低速段阻力性能对片体间距进行选取,认为0.34m的片体间距较为合理.文中使用的CFD方法能够有效模拟局部气垫双体船的阻力性能,可用于船型优化设计.     

40m上承式钢板梁桥加固前后动力特性研究

从理论上对钢板梁桥横向加固效果进行了定性分析,并应用大型有限元分析软件AN-SYS建立了加固前后桥梁结构的三维空间有限元模型。通过模态分析获得了加固前后结构前10阶自振频率和振型,并对几种方案的加固效果进行了定量分析,得出有意义的结论。     

Study on Real-time Look-ahead and Adaptive Parametric Curve Interpolator

The principle of real-time look-ahead was introduced and analysed. An adaptive parametric curve interpolator with a real-time look-ahead function was developed for non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curves interpolation, which considering the maximum acceleration/deceleration of the machine tool. In order to deal with the acceleration/deceleration around the feedrate sensitive corners, the look-ahead function was designed and illustrated. It can detect and adjust the feedrate adaptively. With the help of real-time look-ahead, the acceleration/deceleration can be limited to the range of the machine tool capacity. Thus, feedrate fluctuation is reduced. A NURBS curve interpolation experiment was provided to verify the feasibility and advantages of the proposed interpolator with a real-time look-ahead function.     

非均匀流场中桨叶剖面设计方法

给出了非均匀流场中螺旋桨桨叶剖面的设计方法，提出了保持剖面空泡特征不变的等效运转曲线的思想，并创建了等效运转曲线的确定方法．基于等效运转曲线设计的桨叶剖面能有效地控制空泡范围和空泡类型，得到期望的空泡性能．剖面采用母型剖面方法来设计，进而可确定桨叶弦向环量分布，然后由升力面理论设计三维桨叶的几何形状．通过实例螺旋桨的设计，说明本方法是合理和有效的．     

Shape optimization of bow bulbs with minimum wave-making resistance based on Rankine source method

The hull form optimization concerns one of the most important applications of wave-making resistance theories. In recent years, scholars can determine the hull form by using the optimization method based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and other mathematical techniques. In this paper, the hull form optimization method based on the Rankine source method and nonlinear programming (NLP) is discussed; in the optimization process, a hull form modification function is introduced to represent an improved hull surface and to generate a new smooth hull surface by changing its frame lines and bow stem profiles under the prescribed design constraints. Numerical example is given for a practical container hull form. Finally, shape optimization of bow bulls is shown for non-protruding and protruding bow bulls. This study presents a simplified and practical design method to the select frame lines of bow bulls.     

Research of Springing and Whipping Influence on Ultra-Large Containerships’ Fatigue Analysis

Rules of Classification Societies all around the world have made changes on design wave loads’ value and fatigue influence factor modification due to the influence of springing and whipping on ultra-large containerships. The paper firstly introduced 3-D linear hydroelastic theory in frequency domain and 3-D nonlinear hydroelastic theory in time domain, considering large amplitude motion nonlinearity and slamming force due to the severe relative motion between ship hull and wave. Then the spectrum analysis method and time domain statistical analysis method were introduced, which can make fatigue analysis under a series of standard steps in frequency and time domain, respectively. Finally, discussions on the influence factor of springing and whipping on fatigue damages of 8500TEU and 10000TEU containerships with different loading states were made. The fatigue assessment of different position on the midship section was done on the basis of nominal stress. The fatigue damage due to whipping can be the same as the fatigue damage due to springing and even sometimes can be larger than the springing damage. Besides, some suggestions on calculating load case selection were made to minimize the quantity of work in frequency and time domain. Thus, tools for fatigue influence factor modification were provided to meet the demand of IACS-UR.     

基于三维时域Green函数法的船舶在规则波浪中的运动数学模型

在小时间区域采用级数展开法, 在大时间区域采用渐进展开法, 在大、小时间过渡区域采用精细积分法, 对三维时域Green函数进行数值计算; 采用线性叠加原理求解船舶辐射与绕射问题, 构造出船舶在规则波浪中的运动数学模型, 并采用数值方法计算WigleyⅠ型船舶和S60型船舶以Froude数为0.2迎波浪航行时的水动力系数、波浪激励力与运动时间历程。计算结果表明: 由于不规则频率的影响, 当量纲一频率为1.7时, WigleyⅠ型船舶的垂荡附加质量计算结果比试验结果小44%, 当量纲一频率为2.5时, S60型船舶的纵摇阻尼系数计算结果比试验结果小43%;随着入射波频率的增加, WigleyⅠ型船舶和S60型船舶的水动力系数和波浪激励力的大部分计算结果与试验结果的相对误差小于30%, 且二者的变化趋势一致; 对于WigleyⅠ型船舶, 当波长与船长比为1.25时, 采用三维时域方法计算的垂荡幅值响应因子和纵摇幅值响应因子分别比试验值小11.3%和4.8%, 采用三维频域方法计算的垂荡幅值响应因子比试验值大48.4%, 纵摇幅值响应因子比试验值小48.4%, 当波长与船长比为1.50时, 采用三维时域方法计算的垂荡幅值响应因子和纵摇幅值响应因子分别比试验值小3.0%和11.3%, 采用三维频域方法计算的垂荡幅值响应因子比试验值大9.8%, 纵摇幅值响应因子比试验值小23.6%。可见, 采用三维时域方法能准确地仿真船舶在波浪中的运动时间历程。      

基于UGNX4．0的整体叶轮曲面造型

应用三次B样条曲线对图纸所给的叶片中性面上的轴盘曲线和盖盘曲线上的离散数据点进行插值，得到轴盘曲线和盖盘曲线，将曲线上的对应点相连得到直纹面形式的叶片中性面；根据图纸给出的叶片上不同点的厚度值，构造轴盘曲线和盖盘曲线的左右偏置曲线，进而得到直纹面形式的叶片曲面．最后将计算所得数据导入UGNX4．0软件，应用此软件对整体叶轮进行实体建模．