Minimum resistance ship hull uncertainty optimization design based on simulation-based design method

In the ship hull optimization design based on simulation-based design (SBD) technology, low precision of the approximate model leads to an uncertainty form of optimization model. In order to enable the approximate model with finite precision to maximize the effectiveness, uncertainty optimization method is introduced here. Wave resistance coefficient approximation model, built by back propagation (BP) neural network, is represented as a form of interval. Afterwards, a minimum resistance optimization model is established with the design space constituted by principal dimensions and ship form coefficients. Double-level nested optimization architecture is proposed: for outer layer, improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm with learning factor improvement strategy is used to generate design variables, and for inner layer, modified very fast simulated annealing (MVFSA) algorithm is used to solve the objective function interval with uncertainty region. Cases calculation proves the effectiveness and superiority of uncertainty optimization method for ship hull SBD optimization design, thus providing a good way for finding optimal designs.     

船体型线多学科设计优化系统重构研究

文中分别阐述了目前应用较为普遍的MDF及IDF系统重构方法的基本原理,以46000t油船主尺度及型线的优化设计为例,采用两类不同的系统重构方法进行了优化．结果表明,IDF方法是船型多学科设计优化系统重构的理想方法．     

基于非线性规划法的最小阻力船型优化设计

为了获得阻力性能优良船型,以兴波阻力理论为基础,利用非线性规划法并结合CAD技术研究最小阻力船型的优化设计.以总阻力为目标函数,总阻力用兴波阻力和平板摩擦阻力之和来表达,设计变量取船型修改函数的参数,在保证必要的排水量为基本约束条件下,选取Wigley船型为初始船型,分别对船体的首部和全船线型进行优化设计.通过将改良船型的阻力性能、船体线型和基于Michell积分法的优化计算结果相比较,证实了在相同的设计参数和约束条件下,采用Rankine源法进行船型优化结果更可靠.     

基于参数法的船型自动生成

在船舶初步设计阶段,探求一种快速高效率的方法来确定优良船型.船型参数法通过高水平的描述符(形状参数)生成船体曲线和曲面所想要的几何外形.程序实现几何建模系统以船体的形状参数作为输入,以水动力计算所需要的船体型值作为输出,使几何船体与水动力性能成为一种内在决定性关系.因此,船型参数法是船舶水动力性能优化的重要基础和不可缺少的组成部分.     

Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

基于NURBS的三维船体曲面重构

针对重大件货仿真系统中船体曲面造型问题，给出了基于NURBS(非均匀有理B样条方法)技术重构船体曲面的主要步骤。对于给定的船舶型值点，用累加弦长参数化方法构造节点矢量，用非均匀有理B样条方法进行横剖线和水线的全局插值，并构造出规整的船体曲面的插值点网格，进而重构出以NURBS为统一数学表达式的船体曲面。仿真结果表明应用NURBS方法重构出的三维船体具有高度真实感。     

Geometry modeling of ship hull based on non-uniform B-spline

In order to generate the three-dimensional (3-D) hull surface accurately and smoothly, a mixed method which is made up of non-uniform B-spline together with an iterative procedure was developed. By using the iterative method the data points on each section curve are calculated and the generalized waterlines and transverse section curves are determined. Then using the non-uniform B-spline expression, the control vertex net of the hull is calculated based on the generalized waterlines and section curves. A ship with tunnel stern was taken as test case. The numerical results prove that the proposed approach for geometry modeling of 3-D ship hull surface is accurate and effective.     

Welded joint fatigue reliability analysis on bogie frame of high-speed electric multiple unit

A new method for welded joint fatigue reliability analysis on bogie frame of high-speed electric multiple unit (EMU) is proposed according to the International Union of Railways (UIC) standard, the Britain Standard Institute (BSI) standard and the Miner rule. Firstly, the fatigue calculation condition is loaded according to the UIC standard. The welded joint damage ratio is calculated by the BSI standard. Fatigue reliability analysis is conducted for a typical welded joint based on probabilistic design system (PDS) module in software ANSYS 14.0. In the system, the automatic program is prepared by ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) to calculate the welded joint fatigue damage ratio. Meantime, the relationship between the input variables and the output response is fitted by the response surface (RS) method. Then, the RS method is improved by the orthogonal design. Specifically, the selecting process optimization for the RS method based on the orthogonal design is conducted to improve the fitting efficiency of the RS method. Finally, a program of the automatic analysis documents is generated by Microsoft foundation class (MFC) technique. Through the self-defined interface, the researchers can easily import the automatic generation of the orthogonal table into the PDS module and analyze the fatigue reliability. Results show that the improved RS method can better fit the RS which covers the sample area, and the distribution law agrees well with the actual situation. At the same time, the improved RS method reduces the calculation time.     

考虑二阶效应的空间刚架结构布局优化

针对三维空间刚架布局优化问题,以七自由度节点梁柱单元二阶弹性理论推导考虑构件几何非线性和截面翘曲变形的非线性刚度矩阵,通过整合梁柱单元非线性刚度矩阵对刚架结构进行整体的二阶弹性分析,建立满足刚架结构强度、刚度和稳定性要求的布局优化数值模型;并针对复杂刚架结构布局优化数值求解问题,改进遗传搜索算法（GA）,提出可靠拓扑和引导型遗传算法双向控制方法（KLGA）. 该方法一方面将拓扑变量从布局设计变量中分离,以构件重要度评定结构可靠拓扑变量组合,再与设计变量整合;另一方面将结构特有的引导信息加入算法中,为GA提供全局最优解的指引路径. 通过两种典型的刚架算例表明二阶效应模型和KLGA算法的可行性和有效性,例如算例2中基于二阶效应模型的KLGA得到的最优结构质量比GA减轻了24.5%,波动幅度从9.61%提升到1.39%,算法更加稳定.      

基于NURBS的船体曲面自适应三角网格剖分

针对面向曲面的三维船体性能计算和真实感图形显示问题,应用NURBS曲线、曲面理论,提出一种新颖的船体NURBS曲面三角形网格自动生成算法,运用四角编码方法和改进的曲面片平坦性检验方法,保证在递归分割船体NURBS曲面时,能够快速有效地分割出四边形网格,在曲面片的高度方向和边界处同时满足给定的精度要求,在此基础上,应用割角剖分算法将一个四边形网格剖分成两个或多个三角形网格。应用结果表明,应用该算法生成的三角形平面片能够较好地逼近船体曲面,避免出现网格间的裂缝,与二叉树、四叉树方法相比,四角编码方法明显节省了时间和空间,提高了算法效率。     

Surface reconstruction by structured light projection

A rapid and practical method is proposed to reconstruct surface based on the linked structured light stripes which are produced by structured light projection. The subpixel points on a stripe are linked firstly one by one to form a stripe ensemble which is then transformed to a point ensemble in 3D space. The initial mesh with local optimization is generated by triangulating each two adjacent point ensembles. In order to obtain a better mesh, our improved edge flipping algorithm is employed to optimize the initial mesh globally. Because of employing the information of the linked structured stripes, our reconstruction algorithm is performed fastly. Moreover, the subpixel points on each stripe are already linked on the captured images such that they do not require the high sampling density. The experiments show that the proposed method constructs a surface rapidly and effectively.     

Research on the Optimization Approach for Cargo Oil Tank Design Based on the Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Based on the improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm,an optimization approach for the cargo oil tank design(COTD) is presented in this paper.The purpose is to design an optimal overall dimension of the cargo oil tank(COT) under various kinds of constraints in the preliminary design stage.A non-linear programming model is built to simulate the optimization design,in which the requirements and rules for COTD are used as the constraints.Considering the distance between the inner shell and hull,a fuzzy constraint is used to express the feasibility degree of the double-hull configuration.In terms of the characteristic of COTD,the PSO algorithm is improved to solve this problem.A bivariate extremum strategy is presented to deal with the fuzzy constraint,by which the maximum and minimum cargo capacities are obtained simultaneously.Finally,the simulation demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Slamming and Green Water Loads on Bow-Flare Ship in Regular Head Waves Investigated by Hydroelasticity Theory and Experiment

With the development of ships towards large scale, high speed and light weight, ship hydroelastic responses and slamming strength issues are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, a time-domain nonlinear hydroelasticity theory is developed to predict ship motion and load responses in harsh regular waves.Hydrostatic restoring force, wave excitation force and radiation force are calculated on the instantaneously wetted body surface to consider the nonlinear effects caused by large amplitude motions of ship in steep waves. A twodimensional(2 D) generalized Wagner model and a one-dimensional(1 D) dam-breaking model are used to estimate the impact loads caused by bow flare slamming and green water on deck, respectively; the impact loads are coupled with the hydroelastic equation in time-domain. Moreover, segmented model tests are carried out in a towing tank to investigate the wave and slamming loads acting on the hull sailing in harsh regular head waves and also validate the numerical results.     

基于傅汝德-克雷洛夫力非线性法的规则波浪中船舶运动数学模型

为准确预报规则波浪中船舶的运动, 提出基于四叉树划分的自适应网格法, 以生成船舶瞬时湿表面, 在船舶瞬时湿表面上计算傅汝德-克雷洛夫(F-K)力与静恢复力; 对于与波面相交的面元, 由于F-K力在波面处剧烈波动, 采用四叉树划分法进一步细分面元; 基于线性理论, 采用瞬时自由面格林函数在船舶平均湿表面上计算扰动力; 为避免瞬时自由面格林函数在自由液面处剧烈波动产生严重数值误差, 舍去扰动势所满足边界积分方程中的水线项, 并对迎浪前进速度为傅汝德数0.2的WigleyⅠ型船舶进行数值计算。计算结果表明: 对低于瞬时波面以下的船体部分, F-K力非线性法所需面元数更少, 为细网格法的1/4~1/8;除不规则频率外, 舍去与未舍去水线项所得水动力系数与试验值的相对误差分别小于33.4%、54.8%, 因此, 舍去水线项所得水动力系数更接近试验结果; 当入射波波幅为0.018 m, 波长与船长比为1.25时, 采用F-K力非线性法与线性法所得纵摇幅值响应因子的计算结果分别比试验值低3.2%、17.0%, 波长与船长比为2.00时, 采用F-K力非线性法与线性法所得纵摇幅值响应因子的计算结果分别比试验值低6.7%、13.5%, 可见, 采用F-K力非线性法能够准确地仿真规则波浪中船舶的运动。      

基于快速性的船型优化及其在三用工作船中的应用

近年来,海洋石油开发事业相关装备产业快速升级,三用工作船作为海上油气平台作业必不可少的辅助船舶,发展迅速,需求量非常多,其船型优化也成为当前船舶设计中的热门研究问题。文中根据C FD的船型优化基本原理对现有三用工作船进行船体线型优化,比较优化前后船体阻力性能的区别,并用试验方法加以验证,从而达到优化船型的目的。     

大型船体焊接变形控制与校正技术研究

本文分析了焊接变形产生的原因和种类,强调在船体设计、结构设计、施工工艺等方面如何控制焊接变形,总结控制船体焊接变形方法和矫正的工艺方法。     

Prediction of hydrodynamic forces on a moored ship induced by a passing ship in shallow water using a high-order panel method

A three-dimensional high-order panel method based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) is developed for predicting the hydrodynamic interaction forces on a moored ship induced by a passing ship in shallow water. An NURBS surface is used to precisely represent the hull geometry. Velocity potential on the hull surface is described by B-spline after the source density distribution on the boundary surface is determined. A collocation approach is applied to the boundary integral equation discretization. Under the assumption of low passing speed, the effect of free surface elevation is neglected in the numerical calculation, and infinite image method is used to deal with the finite water depth effect. The time stepping method is used to solve the velocity potential at each time step. Detailed convergence study with respect to time step, panel size and Green function is undertaken. The present results of hydrodynamic forces are compared with those obtained by slender-body theory to show the validity of the proposed numerical method. Calculations are conducted for different water depths and lateral distances between ships, and the detail results are presented to demonstrate the effects of these factors.     

Robust Optimization Design of Metro Handrails

This paper presents the robust design and response surface method(RSM) based on finite element analysis for the optimization design of metro handrails. The response surface can be created for each output parameter. Sequential quadratic programming is used for the optimization of metro handrails. Taguchi design is employed to investigate the sensitive controlling factors for the strength and mass of metro handrails, by taking the material density, the column and cross bar thickness as controlling factors, and the acceleration, the elastic modulus and the fluctuation of material density as uncontrollable factors. Then, the best combination of controlling factors is found. The results by different methods show that the method of Taguchi design can improve the robustness of the structural performance and reduce the mass.     

微型汽车车架轻量化研究

以某微型汽车白车身为例,建立白车身的有限元模型,采用有限元法求得车架优化前白车身的动静态特性,计算结果为下一步车架轻量化设计提供参考依据.基于超单元法与灵敏度分析方法,以车架重量最小为目标函数,在保证白车身车架动静态特性不降低的前提下,优化微型汽车车架关键构件厚度.优化后的车架质量下降6.39%,白车身的弯曲刚度提高1.0%,白车身的一阶模态频率提高了0.41Hz.     

基于人工神经网络的船型设计与阻力预报

船舶阻力与船体形状之间的关系是复杂的非线性关系,在实际设计中预报船舶阻力的方法一般主要有经验公式法和CFD方法.从打破传统方法的局限性和避免CFD计算的高成本出发,考虑人工神经网络理论对处理非线性复杂问题具有良好的适应性,采用RBF神经网络,试图为不同设计阶段的需要提出新的船型设计方法,并建立了相应的船型-阻力性能预测模型.通过实际数据验证了此方法的可行性和实用性.