试论水运管理改革

<正> 水上交通安全与运输管理是复杂、多环节、既密集又松散的系统工程。改革开放后,国家投入了大量的人力物力财力,促进了水运业的迅猛发展,为推动经济建设做出巨大贡献。然而现行管理中的管理机构多、牌证卡薄多、证费项目多、违章经营多、交通事故多、企业滑坡多,又制约了水运业的发展。交通部在2000年开展的“交通安全与运输市场管理年”活动,在贯彻执行中,只有在管理机制上深化改革,才能焕发生机。 一、现状与问题 现行的水上交通安全和运输管理在运作中出现了诸多亟待改革的问题,主要可归纳如下: 1.体制不顺 我国水上安全和运管体制以条块结合双重     

论阜阳市水上交通安全动态管理技术

安徽省阜阳市地方海事局结合全市水上交通安全情况和海事管理工作实际,近年在全市渡运安全监管、通航秩序巡逻维护、风景区游艇水上安全管理等动态水上交通安全监管工作中,实行“以人为本、预防为主”水上交通安全动态管理工作方针,树立“安全是幸福的源泉、安全是效益的保障”海事工作理念,采取“早摸底、早准备、早布置、早落实、早督促”的“五早”工作思路,提高水上交通安全控制能力,着力解决影响水上交通安全的突出问题,加大水上交通安全监管力度,建立健全水上交通安全长效监管机制。确保了全市水上交通安全无事故,为创建和谐阜阳营造了良好的水上交通安全环境。     

长江三峡通航管理局

【长江三峡通航管理局简介】长江三峡通航管理局是交通部设置在长江三峡河段,具有行政管理职能的事业单位。该局集船闸、海事、航道、调度、通信为一体,实行集中统一管理。其主要职责是负责长江三峡、葛洲坝水利枢纽通航建筑物及其配套设施的运行、维护,确保辖区水上交通安全畅通和航道设施、通信设备的维护与管理,对两坝过往船舶实行统一调度指挥。     

国家新政:加强全国水上交通安全

新冠疫情对全球经济带来了重大影响,但是中国经济一枝独秀,特别是水上运输对经济恢复发挥了重要作用. 今年一季度,水上运输已恢复到2019年水平,全国共发生水上交通事故18件、死亡失踪26人、沉船4艘、直接经济损失1438万元,分别同比2020年下降25％、下降21.2％、下降63.6％、下降61.9％,同比2019年下降30.4％、下降45.4％、下降71.4％、下降79.1％,事故四项指标全面下降,未发生重大水上交通事故,水上交通安全形势总体稳定.     

天生桥库区水上交通安全管理工作探讨

文章介绍了滇、黔、桂三省（区）海事部门联合开展天生桥库区水上交通安全监督管理工作的历程和成效,总结了跨省共管大型水库水上交通安全整治的经验,并就海事机构下一步如何紧密合作开展库区水上交通安全监管工作进行了探讨。     

长江航运发展的四大趋势

改革开放20多年来，长江航运为国民经济发展及满足人民物质文化生活发挥了重要作用。特别是随着我国科学发展观和可持续发展战略的制定，以及对外开放和全球经济一体化步伐的加快，水上运输越来越受到重视，长江航运呈现出持续、快速发展的良好趋势，将迎来加快发展的春天。长江航运的发展优势主要体现在以下四个方面：     

个体运输船舶的安全管理

<正> 在2000年“水上运输安全管理年”中,对个体运输船舶安全管理,理应摆上政府和主管部门的重要议事日程。 改革开放使水上个体运输船舶(下称个船)异军突起。国营、集体水运企业在改革改制中承包、买断产权,又扩大了个船范围。我国1.8万多公里海岸线,11万多公里通航河流中,全国民用船舶26.4万艘中,个船约占30％,遍及江河湖海,为经济建设做出积极的贡献。同时又出现了不少亟待解决的问题,应切实加以解决,确保水上运输交通安全。 现状不容乐观 1.个船超常发展,管理难度剧增。改革开放后,走出农田的、企业下岗的富余劳力纷纷买船营运。70年代江苏省一般县(市)有船200～250艘3000吨左右;目前大部分县市已发展到2000艘以上,5万吨左右,多的乡镇逾万吨,兴     

通江达海的特大型集团——中国长江航运集团

中国长江航运集团(简称中国长航)，是我国内河骨，干航运企业集团，以水上运输为主业，同时发展旅游、工业、贸易、房地产、金融等多种产业。货物运输主要航线包括长江干线运输和干支直达、江海直达以及沿海、近远洋运输。运输货类可概括为“巩固壮大煤、油、矿，开拓发展气、滚、箱”。集团还经营长江客运、旅游与酒店餐饮及海内外旅游：开展船舶修造、船舶代理、货运代理、燃油与物资贸易、对外经济技术合作等业务。     

从“黄金水道”多次出现浅情看长江航运现状及发展对策

<正> 最近以来,长江中游碾子湾水道多次出现浅情,致使过往船舶严重受阻,客货轮待航数日才能通过,不仅扰乱了正常的水上运输生产,也给国家造成巨大的经济损失。那么,长江航运的现状怎样?是否适应长江流域经济发展的需要?其发展对策又如何?     

发展长江低成本运输服务链的战略思考

长江流域经济发展的特点和我国的国情决定了我国需要发展长江低成本物流。本文提出了长江低成本运输服务链的概念,并论述了发展长江低成本运输服务链对长江流域经济发展的重要性,分析了发展长江低成本运输服务链对我国建设和谐社会与现代物流产业的积极影响。     

高速公路改扩建工程水土保持监测与评价

开展水土流失监测是水土保持监管的重要手段。文章以广西沿海高速公路改扩建工程一期工程水土保持监测实践为例,分析了工程建设水土流失特点,介绍了水土保持监测技术和方法,并通过对工程实例监测结果的分析评价,提出了水土保持监测工作中易出现的问题及相应的解决方案。     

Logsums for utility-maximizers and regret-minimizers,and their relation with desirability and satisfaction

This paper studies to what extent the Logsum-measure of user benefits relates to travelers’ perceptions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. Knowing these relations is important since researchers have recently started to analyze and interpret user benefits in general – and Logsums in specific – in terms of these more behaviorally oriented notions, rather than in terms of expected utility. Participants to a stated route choice experiment were asked to indicate, after each choice made, to what extent they considered the choice set to be desirable, or to what extent they were satisfied with the chosen alternative. These measurements were correlated with Logsums that were computed for each choice situation. In addition, the paper derives a regret-based Logsum (which gives the expected regret of a choice situation) and presents a comparison with its utilitarian counterpart. Also for this regret-based Logsum, correlations with desirability- and satisfaction-ratings are computed. As a general finding, it appears that all computed correlations are rather weak. This suggests that, at least in the context of our data, the utility-based Logsum and its regret-based counterpart appear to have only a fairly weak connection with the behavioral notions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction.     

公路与水路运输节能减排量化分析和比较

通过研究汽车与船舶的油耗特点,结合燃油种类与CO_2排放量的关系,建立了计算公路运输与水路运输单位耗油量与单位CO_2排放量的数学模型。通过敏感性分析,研究车速或航速与载货率对车辆或船舶单位CO_2排放量的影响。以从厦门港到盐田港的干散货运输为例,做了节能减排计算分析,并将结果与用其他方法获得的结果对比。在此基础上,对公路运输与水路运输节能减排做了敏感性分析研究,可以计算出能够体现水路运输节能减排优势的临界货运量。结果表明本文中介绍的方法能够为核算、比较公路运输与水路运输的节能减排效果提供更科学的量化参考。     

Resilience and accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities

Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands.     

隧道及地下工程结构防排水技术的发展和应用

文章总结了大瑶山隧道修建以来其复合式衬砌结构防排水试验研究和应用情况,介绍了塑料防水隔离层的防水机理及各种防水型式的优缺点,提出了改进建议.     

互联互通,走向繁荣

设施联通是"一带一路"国际合作高峰论坛六个平行主题会议之一,以"互联互通、走向繁荣"为主题,各国共商共议交通、能源、通信等设施联通务实合作。随着未来全球范围内基础设施的升级换代和互联互通,交通、能源与通信技术融合发展,催生新的业态,是拉动经济增长的新动能。在新一代基础设施网络体系的建设中,后发国家面临跨越发展的难得机遇,中国基础设施发展的经验具有重要借鉴意义。     

Subjective well-being and travel: retrospect and prospect

Although the improvement of well-being is often an implicitly-assumed goal of many, if not most, public policies, the study of subjective well-being (SWB) and travel has so far been confined to a relatively small segment of the travel behavior community. Accordingly, one main purpose of this paper is to introduce a larger share of the community to some fundamental SWB-related concepts and their application in transportation research, with the goal of attracting others to this rewarding area of study. At the same time, however, I also hope to offer some useful reflections to those already working in this field. After discussing some basic issues of terminology and measurement of SWB, I present from the literature four conceptual models relating travel and subjective well-being. Following one of those models, I review five ways in which travel can influence well-being. I conclude by examining some challenges associated with assessing the impacts of travel on well-being, as well as challenges associated with applying what we learn to policy.

     

科技创新与公共自行车系统发展

城市公共自行车的发展已经历了三代,正向着第四代公共自行车系统发展。为探究科技创新在其发展过程中所起的作用,高新技术是否能够从根本上解决中国城市公共自行车损坏率过高的问题,以及高新技术在新一代公共自行车系统中的发展方向,笔者通过对城市公共自行车系统发展历程的回顾,发现科技创新在公共自行车系统发展过程中起到了积极的推动作用,但不能从根本上解决车辆被盗和损坏的问题。进一步分析了高新科技对公共自行车系统的利弊,指出需要因地制宜的发展项目,不应一味的追求高新技术在系统中的应用。最后展望第四代公共自行车发展,探索了与公共自行车系统相关的高新技术下一步的发展方向。