结构刚度变化对箱式超大型浮体结构水弹性响应的影响

结构刚度改变会导致结构固有频率变化和结构广义刚度的变化。必然会对结构在波浪中的水弹性响应产生影响，本文在某箱式超大型浮体结构单位幅值正弦规则波和不规则波水弹性响应计算的基础上，假定结构质量分布不变，研究了结构刚度变化对箱式超大型浮体结构水弹性响应的影响。得到了一些有价值的结论。     

波浪作用下弹性板的水动力响应

为准确预报聚焦波作用下弹性板的非线性动力响应，充分掌握极端波浪条件对超大型浮体动力响应的影响，选用一种基于离散模块-梁单元的水弹性分析方法，对弹性板在规则波和聚焦波作用下的不同响应特性进行研究。同时，开展水槽模拟试验，并将试验结果与理论结果进行对比，验证该水弹性分析方法的有效性。试验结果表明：基于离散模块-梁单元的水弹性分析方法在超大型浮体动力响应分析方面具有良好的准确性和简便性；在规则波作用下，随着规则波波陡和波长的增加，弹性板响应幅值增大；在聚焦波作用下，谱峰波长和最大波幅对弹性板响应的峰值和谷值有显著影响。     

近岛礁超大型浮体水弹性响应研究

文章将Boussinesq方程和格林函数法相结合,提出了一种新的用于计算布放在岛礁附近的超大型浮体水弹性响应的数值方法。应用该方法,计算了超大型浮体的运动响应和连接器载荷,并与水池试验的实测值进行了对比。文中的研究内容可为后续的超大型浮体的结构和连接器的设计和安全性评估打下基础。     

非均匀海底环境下铰接超大型浮体的水弹性响应分析

本文采用基于离散模块思想的频域水弹性分析方法,对处于非均匀海洋环境下的铰接超大型浮体的水弹性响应进行分析.该方法首先将连续浮体离散为多刚体系统;然后应用三维势流理论获得各个刚体的水动力系数,将其与弹性梁刚度阵进行耦合,得到浮体在波浪作用下的运动学方程;随后引入铰接约束矩阵,建立铰接超大型浮体在非均匀海底环境下的运动学方程,在频域中求解该方程得到浮体的位移响应;最后利用梁的弯曲理论,获得浮体的弯矩分布以及铰接点处的轴向力和剪力.通过对比不同入射角度、波长和海底条件下浮体的水弹性响应,发现非均匀海底对铰接点的位移和受力有明显的影响.     

预报超大型浮体水弹性响应的模态函数展开方法和特征函数展开方法比较

超大型海洋浮式结构物对于开发海洋资源和利用海洋空间有着很大的实用价值，目前国际海洋工程界已掀起了研究超大型浮式结构物的热潮。如何计算浮体结构在波浪中的水弹性响应是设计过程中的一个非常重要的技术问题。Wu，C．，Watanabe，E．and Utsunomiya，T．(1995)提出了利用平板模态函数展开方法预报超大型浮体的水弹性响应；Kim，J．w．and Ertekin，R．C．(1998)提出利用特征函数展开方法预报超大型浮体的水弹性响应。本文对这两种方法进行了系统的比较，分别根据这两种方法计算了浮体结构的挠曲变形及弯矩、剪力的分布，并辐讨了不同参数对于水弹性响应的影响。     

超大型浮体结构考虑非线性项的波浪力响应计算

为求解超大型浮体结构波浪响应问题,将其简化成弹性梁板模型。以有限元软件为基础来建立超大型浮体结构的弹性梁板模型,在势流理论的基础上,将速度势分解为入射势、绕射势和辐射势三部分,并利用格林函数法推导出一阶、二阶波浪速度势的表达式。以此为理论基础,编制了相应的计算程序来计算浮体结构所受到的二阶波浪力,最后建立了梁板模型的水弹性响应方程,对非线性波浪力作用下的浮体结构的水弹性响应进行求解分析,并分析了波向对响应振幅的影响。     

一种基于离散模块的浮体水弹性响应预报方法

文章基于传统的多体水动力学和有限元方法,将连续的浮体离散为由有限个弹性梁元连接的刚体子模块,各个模块不仅受到相邻模块的水动力的干扰,同时还受到为保证结构连续性而引入的等效连接梁的作用,从而建立了一种新的可以用于求解浮体水弹性响应的数值方法。采用文中的数值计算方法,对一个箱形的超大型浮体的水弹性响应进行了研究。并通过与传统的水弹性方法计算结果的对比,证明了文中的方法的正确性和可靠性。该文的数值计算方法可为以后非均匀海洋环境下浮式结构物的水弹性响应计算提供依据。     

超大型浮体的水弹性响应分析

针对海上超大型浮体与波浪相互作用这一流固耦合问题,把超大型浮体简化为二维薄板,应用特征函数展开法求解流场速度势,采用正弦模态函数对结构运动进行模态展开分析,计算浮体的水弹性响应。     

超大型浮体模块水弹性响应和结构强度分析

水弹性方法针对超大型浮体的刚度特点,充分考虑了结构变形与流体运动的相互作用,是进行结构安全性分析的有效手段。文章采用水弹性分析方法研究了超大型浮体单模块总体波浪载荷以及结构应力响应。首先基于三维有限元方法分析了模块在真空中的总振动模态,然后结合模态叠加法和边界元法计算了模块在流场里面的谐振和模态响应。在此基础上,研究了各模态下结构的应力响应以及总应力响应,并分析了危险载荷工况,评估了超大型浮体单模块的结构强度,研究结果对超大型浮体单模块结构优化设计和安全性评估具有一定的指导意义。     

超大型浮体结构在规则波中的水弹性响应理论研究

介绍颇具先进性和强大处理功能的三维水弹性计算程序，它能开展近似于实际复杂海域环境下的不同类型的超大型浮体结构(VLFS)水弹性响应分析。为了阐明它的功能，进行了两个试算。首先计算了刚性和重量变化下的不对称超大浮体，然后进行了不同水深时的分析处理。通过与Utsunomiya的相应水弹性响应分析的比较，证实了它的适用性。最后还对实际超大浮体模型，进行了计及防浪堤影响下的1000m级超大浮体第二段模型的模拟计算，获得了合理的水动力性能。另一个试算是对长4770m、最宽处达2055m的东京湾机场模型的模拟计算。模拟结果显示了VLFS的特有水弹性性能，其结果与相似的超大矩形板极为吻合，从而证实了该程序的实际应用计算的可行性。由此证明了该程序对于大范围真实的VLFS的适用性。结论是：本文所提供的三维水弹性响应程序，不失为以实际超大型浮体结构为对象的一个强有力的应用设计工具。     

波浪作用下带式舟桥的水弹性响应研究

对于设计和使用在波浪和流作用下作业的浮桥,充分了解其水弹性性能尤为重要.就在国防和桥梁工程中极为重要的带式舟桥而言,预报其在波浪中的水弹性响应在实际工程中就显得十分必要.该文主要研究带式舟桥在波浪作用下的水弹性性能.首先,简要地介绍了预报浮桥动力响应的不同方法及它们与试验比较的结果;其次,在三维水弹性理论的基础上采用模态叠加法对带式舟桥的有限元模型进行了水弹性分析,同时与十分之一模型试验结果做了比较(该试验由上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室承担).研究表明,文中的方法计算分析波浪中浮桥的水弹性响应是可行的.     

The design and commissioning of a fully elastic model of a uniform container ship

Experimental hydroelasticity has not followed the rapid evolution of its computational counterpart. Hydroelastic codes have changed significantly in the past few decades, moving to more detailed modelling of both the structure and the fluid domain. Physical models of ships are, even today, manufactured with a very simplified structural arrangement, usually consisting of a hollow rectangular cross section. Appropriate depiction of the internal structural details ensures that properties relevant to antisymmetric vibration are scaled accurately from the real ship to the model. Attempts to create continuous, ship-like structures had limited success, as manufacturing constraints did not allow for much internal structural detail to be included. In this investigation, the first continuous model of a ship with a detailed internal arrangement resembling a container ship is designed, produced using 3D printing and tested in waves. It is demonstrated that the global responses of the hull in regular head waves agree well with theory and past literature, confirming that such a model can represent the behaviour of a ship. Furthermore, it is found that the model is capable of capturing local responses of the structure, something that would be impossible with “traditional” hydroelastic ship models. Finally, the capability of the model to be used to investigate antisymmetric vibrations is confirmed. The methodology developed here opens a whole new world of possibilities for experiments with models that are tailored to the focus of the investigation at hand. Moreover, it offers a powerful tool for the validation of modern state-of-the-art hydroelastic codes. Ultimately, it creates the next step in the investigation of dynamic responses of ship structures, which contribute significantly to accumulating damage of the hull. Better understanding of these responses will allow designers to avoid over-engineering and use of big safety factors to account for uncertainties in their predictions.     

Simplified estimation for the dynamic behavior and reliability analysis of very large floating structures under wave-induced loads

This paper deals with the dynamic response and strength of very large floating structures (VLFS) in regular and irregular waves, considering the propagation of the hydroelastic deflection wave of the structure. First, a simplified estimation method is presented for the dynamic response and strength of the structure in regular waves. Then, the validity of the method is demonstrated by comparing its results with analytical results and experimental results for a mat-type floating structure model. Next, a simplified estimation method for dynamic responses under long crested irregular wave conditions is presented by using the above results and by combining them with irregular sea wave spectra. Finally, the applicability of the method is investigated through numerical examples carried out for a 4,800-m class VLFS under trial design. Characteristics of the hydroelastic waves, short-term responses, and reliability levels are numerically identified. Received for publication on April 14, 1999; accepted on Sept. 10, 1999     

基于离散模块梁单元水弹性理论的复杂连接处建模方法

[目的]在离散模块?梁单元(DMB)水弹性理论框架下,提出针对连接形式复杂的超大型浮体结构(VLFS)的新的建模方法,并与已有方法进行对比分析.[方法]首先,概述基于DMB的水弹性分析方法,给出求解连续VLFS结构在波浪作用下的动力响应步骤;然后,针对VLFS复杂连接处进行建模,通过定义连接处的刚度矩阵,对与连接处相邻...     

Review of the uncertainties associated to hull girder hydroelastic response and wave load predictions

This paper reviews the importance of uncertainties in hull girder loads influenced by flexible fluid structure interactions. The focus is on developments in the field of hydroelastic modelling, simulation and model tests of practical relevance to the prediction hull girder wave load predictions and their validation. It is concluded that whereas hydroelastic methods for use in design development and assessment become increasingly useful, challenges in realizing and modelling uncertainties can be attributed to: (1) the limitations of numerical methods to suitably model nonlinearities; (2) the ambiguity of model tests; and (3) the systematic use of data emerging from computational, model- or full-scale methods. An approach is recommended to assess the uncertainty in the hydroelastic responses to wave loading and an example is provided to demonstrate the application of the procedure.     

预报超大型浮式结构物水弹性响应方法的比较

超大型海洋浮式结构物(VLFS)在利用海洋空间和开发海洋资源方面有着很大的实用价值.但如何精确有效地计算和预报其在波浪中的水弹性响应是设计过程中的一个非常重要的技术问题.目前,很多学者提出了不同的简化方法来预报VLFS的水弹性响应.文章全面地介绍了关于计算VLFS水弹性响应的解析方法和数值方法的研究现状,并将相应的数值结果与已有的试验数据相比较,进行了分析讨论.     

船舶对称响应的非线性水弹性微分分析法

本文给出了一个预报波浪诱导的船舶垂向运动和结构总体动响应的非线性时域水弹性力学微分分析法，这一理论是控制论的分析方法应用于船体与流体非线性相互作用研究领域的尝试，其流固耦合系统的非线性时域水动作用过程（含记忆效应）由一阶非齐次偏微分方程组来描述，理论预报与Ｓ１７５弹性材料船模型实验比较，结果令人满意。     

超大型FPSO原油质量分布模拟与水弹性响应研究

FPSO在近海油气田开发中得到了越来越广泛的应用.大多数在渤海海域服役的FPSO工作在浅水海域.主尺度大与水深吃水小,直接导致FPSO水动力特性与深水条件下船舶的水动力特性有较大区别,因此采用水弹性理论研究超大型FPSO在浅水中的运动与波浪诱导载荷响应具有重要意义.浅水超大型FPSO满载时原油重量将近占载重量的80%,因此如何正确模拟原油重量分布对干结构的固有频率、广义质量和振型的计算非常重要.本文建立了基于三维水弹性理论的数值模型,开发了有限水深复合格林函数的数值计算程序模块,对一艘300K DWT FPSO在特定水深海况下的运动与波浪载荷响应进行了研究;同时采用三种方法模拟了原油质量分布.计算结果表明,不同的原油质量分布模拟方法对水弹性计算分析影响很大.     

Hydroelastic responses and interactions of floating fuel storage modules placed side-by-side with floating breakwaters

This paper is concerned with the hydroelastic responses and hydrodynamic interactions of two large floating fuel storage modules placed side-by-side with the presence of floating breakwaters. These modules and breakwaters form the floating fuel storage facility (FFSF). The floating storage modules and breakwaters are modeled as plates and the linear wave theory is used to model the water waves in the numerical model. The numerical model is verified with existing numerical results and validated with experimental test. Numerical simulations are performed to determine the hydroelastic behavior and hydrodynamic interactions of floating storage modules placed adjacent to each other and enclosed by floating breakwaters under various incident wave angles. The effects of breakwaters, drafts, channel spacing formed by the two adjacent modules and water depth on the hydroelastic responses of the modules are investigated. The wave induced responses of multiple floating storage modules enclosed by floating breakwaters are also examined.     

Hydroelastic analysis of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type VLFS edged with dual inclined perforated plates

The fluid-structure interaction of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) edged with dual horizontal/inclined perforated plates has been investigated in the context of the direct time domain modal expansion theory. For the hydroelastic analysis, the boundary element method (BEM) based on time domain Kelvin sources is implemented to establish water wave model including the viscous effect of the perforated plates through the Darcy’s law, and the finite element method (FEM) is adopted for solving the deflections of the VLFS modeled as an equivalent Mindlin thick plate. In order to enhance the computing efficiency, the interpolation-tabulation scheme is applied to assess rapidly and accurately the free-surface Green function and its partial derivatives in finite water depth, and the boundary integral equation of a half or quarter VLFS model is further established taking advantage of symmetry of flow field and structure. Also, the numerical solutions are validated against a series of experimental tests. In the comparison, the empirical relationship between the actual porosity and porous parameter is successfully applied. Numerical solutions and model tests are executed to determine the hydroelastic response characteristics of VLFS with an attached anti-motion device. This study examines the effects of porosity, submerged depth, inclined angle and gap distance of such dual perforated anti-motion plates on the hydroelastic response to provide information regarding the optimal design. The effects of oblique wave angle on the performance of anti-motion and hydroelastic behavior of VLFS are also emphatically examined.