混合变截面薄壁梁的抗撞性仿真分析

采用HyperMesh和LS-DYNA软件对几种混合变截面薄壁梁进行抗撞性仿真分析.分析了不同混合变截面对薄壁梁载荷变化和能量吸收情况的影响.比较分析了单一截面薄壁梁和昆合变截面薄壁梁的吸能特性,表明混合变截面薄壁梁在碰撞时的吸能特性更符合车辆的理想碰撞特性,更有利于乘员安全.     

一组新的薄壁曲梁单元公式

从曲线薄壁梁的控制微分方程出发，导出了一组新的有显式表达的曲线薄壁梁单元公式，经过算例验证，表明此单刚对于开口截面是可靠的，且具有很高的精度，这种思路具有一定的通用性，据此可推导出闭口截面曲线梁的单元公式。     

复合材料薄壁梁的翘曲

将薄壁结构杆件的平衡理论引入复合材料薄壁梁的分析中，来分析复合材料薄壁梁剖面的平面外翘曲规律。针对复合材料叠层对翘曲规律的影响，将复合材料薄壁梁视为叠层壳，用三维实体元对梁剖面的翘曲问题进行研究。数值实验结果证明：材料的叠层对薄壁梁截面翘曲影响不大，平衡理论可在复合材料薄壁结构中应用。     

不同截面薄壁梁的轴向耐撞性对比研究

针对汽车碰撞安全研究的需求,以汽车前纵梁为研究对象,分析了薄壁直梁的耐撞性评价指标,运用非线性有限元理论建立了方形和方锥形2种不同截面薄壁直梁的有限元模型,研究了这2种截面的薄壁直梁结构在轴向冲击载荷下的能量吸收与变形特性,并对他们的耐撞性能进行了对比.结果表明,锥形截面薄壁梁的吸能特性优于方形结构.     

车身结构中常用薄壁构件的刚度分析

本文利用有限元法计算了车身结构中常用的几种薄壁截面梁的弯扭刚度。在分析比较的基础上 ,从轻量化的角度出发 ,确定出弯扭刚度最佳的截面形状。对礼帽型组合薄壁截面梁进行了基于几何模型和基于有限元模型两种方式的参数研究。得出梁的弯曲刚度随其各个特征尺寸变化的规律。为薄壁构件的选型及刚度设计提供了依据。     

预应力混凝土简支T形梁优化设计

对预应力混凝土T梁进行优化设计，选取合理的截面有效高度及预应力筋截面面积，可以提高梁的承载能力，降低工程造价．文中以现行规范为依据，运用拉格朗日乘子法进行优化分析，提出了预应力混凝土T梁的优化设计方法，并推导了具有实用价值的计算公式．     

铁道货车结构优化设计中梁截面参数计算的一种新方法

本文给出了梁截面参数计算的一种新方法,优化设计变量的选取原则及其与截面参数之间的关系式,并编制了一个计算梁截面参数的微机程序,大大提高了工作效率和准确性.     

不同外框搭配不同内支撑的薄壁梁碰撞研究

为了提高客车碰撞的安全性,基于HyperMesh与LS-DYNA比较了正方形、五边形、六边形搭配X型、XO型内支撑的不同截面形状薄壁梁的碰撞性能,分析结果表明:XO型与X型内支撑搭配六边形外框的2种截面形状薄壁件碰撞性能最优;将优化结果结合整车模型进行碰撞分析验证,计算结果表明:2种形状薄壁梁碰撞总吸能差别不大,X型内...     

薄壁空心墩翻模法设计与施工

结合杭新景高速公路第7标段的薄壁墩施工实践,介绍了等截面薄壁空心高墩施工的模板设计、施工工艺,通过对模板的优化设计,提高了工作效率,取得了较好的经济效益.     

箱形结构截面扭转中心的确定及应用

基于箱形薄壁梁的实际构造情况和用于薄壁构件约束扭转计算的YMANCK第二理论,对工程结构中常用的单箱双室薄壁箱形梁截面的扭转中心位置进行了理论推导,并得到了扭转中心的显式表达式。算例表明,该计算公式正确、使用方便,具有广泛的适用性。     

基于有限单元法的钢-混凝土组合空腹板的优化设计

为了研究钢-混凝土组合空腹板最优截面几何尺寸,建立了四边简支条件下结构的有限元分析模型、优化参数模型和优化数学模型,通过对已建工程的优化设计分析,在给定条件下使造价减少24．7％,表明该方法优化效果显著,并且效率高,可广泛应用于钢-混凝土组合空腹板截面优化设计工程．通过对不同跨度的组合空腹板进行优化设计,获得在给定条件下的最优截面尺寸和最优网格尺寸．并探讨了长跨比的影响．给出组合窄腹板优化设计的几何尺寸窖议．     

运行速度在公路路线设计中的应用

针对目前以设计速度为依据的公路线形设计方法存在的局限性,可将运行速度设计方法应用到实际的线路设计中。根据基本的平、纵、横设计数据,进行运行速度测算分析,并以分析结果指导路线设计与优化,将逐渐成为我国公路设计工作中不可或缺的重要一环。     

中小跨径梁拱组合体系桥的设计应用

梁拱组合体系桥具有造型优美、集梁桥与拱桥之长,对地形地质条件适应性好等优点,上世纪90年代开始在大跨径桥梁中进行了应用实践,近年来在一些对桥型有特殊要求的中小跨径桥梁中,该桥型也逐步有了应用。对3座中小跨径梁拱组合体系桥的设计要点进行介绍,建议对30m以下小跨径桥主梁可采用空心板截面,30m以上中等跨径桥主梁可采用箱形截面,并应注重对结构截面尺寸及主要材料指标进行优化。     

Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

东北环松花江大桥主桥桥型结构的优化设计

东环松花江大桥为绕城高速公路东北段跨越松花江的一座特大桥,介绍了该桥主桥桥型结构的优化设计。     

Ship appearance optimal design on RCS reduction using response surface method and genetic algorithms

Radar cross section (RCS) reduction technologies are very important in survivability of the militarynaval vessels. Ship appearance shaping as an effective countermeasure of RCS reduction redirects the scatteredenergy from one angular region of interest in space to another region of little interest. To decrease the scatteringelectromagnetic signals from ship scientifically, optimization methods should be introduced in shaping design.Based on the assumption of the characteristic section design method, mathematical formulations for optimalshaping design were established. Because of the computation-intensive analysis and singularity in shapingoptimization, the response surface method (RSM) combined genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The poly-nomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employedto solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design,the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.Ky words: radar cross section (RCS); characteristic section design method; response surface method; genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The polynomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employed to solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design, the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.     

基于ANSYS的薄壁高墩参数优化

使用有限元程序ANSYS的优化模块,采用一阶优化法,以强度及非线性稳定系数为主要控制条件,对高墩大跨径连续刚构桥薄壁空心墩墩身截面尺寸进行优化计算。计算结果表明,利用有限元建立优化模型可达到优化尺寸的目的,为工程设计提供参考。     

Intelligent optimization of the structure of the large section highway tunnel based on improved immune genetic algorithm

As in the building of deep buried long tunnels, there are complicated conditions such as great deformation, high stress, multi-variables, high non-linearity and so on, the algorithm for structure optimization and its application in tunnel engineering are still in the starting stage. Along with the rapid development of highways across the country, It has become a very urgent task to be tackled to carry out the optimization design of the structure of the section of the tunnel to lessen excavation workload and to reinforce the support. Artificial intelligence demonstrates an extremely strong capability of identifying, expressing and disposing such kind of multiple variables and complicated non- linear relations. In this paper, a comprehensive consideration of the strategy of the selection and updating of the concentration and adaptability of the immune algorithm is made to replace the selection mode in the original genetic algorithm which depends simply on the adaptability value. Such an algorithm has the advantages of both the immune algorithm and the genetic algorithm, thus serving the purpose of not only enhancing the individual adaptability but maintaining the individual diversity as well. By use of the identifying function of the antigen memory, the global search capability of the immune genetic algorithm is raised, thereby avoiding the occurrence of the premature phenomenon. By optimizing the structure of the section of the Huayuan tunnel, the current excavation area and support design are adjusted. A conclusion with applicable value is arrived at. At a higher computational speed and a higher efficiency, the current method is verified to have advantages in the optimization computation of the tunnel project. This also suggests that the application of the immune genetic algorithm has a practical significance to the stability assessment and informationlzation design of the wall rock of the tunnel.     

天白水电站溢洪道弯曲段流态优化试验

为了改善开县天白水电工程溢洪道弯曲段流态,使断面内流量分布均匀,提高运行稳定性,根据其实际运行情况,结合以往类似工程的经验,提出了弯段底板高程正超高的优化设计方案。物理模型试验表明,采用这种工程方案可以很好地消减急流冲击波,改善弯曲段水流流态,提高下游消能能力。