一种级联型自适应滤波器的混响抑制技术

在浅海环境中混响是造成主动声呐性能下降的主要原因之一。混响是由发射信号引起的,其频域上覆盖区域与发射信号基本重合,时域上与发射信号及目标回波强相关,这给混响和目标的分离造成了很大的困难。本文借鉴PD雷达中的动目标检测方法,提出一种适用于声呐动目标检测的滤波器设计算法。该算法利用运动目标回波和混响在时频域上的不同特性,设计了级联自适应滤波器实现混响抑制和目标增强。在此基础上进行匹配滤波等处理可以获得理想的效果。该算法可大幅提高信混比,有效改善运动目标的检测能力。     

基于听觉感知特征的水下目标回波分类(英文)

In underwater target detection, the bottom reverberation has some of the same properties as the target echo, which has a great impact on the performance. It is essential to study the difference between target echo and reverberation. In this paper based on the unique advantage of human listening ability on objects distinction, the Gammatone filter is taken as the auditory model. In addition, time-frequency perception features and auditory spectra features are extracted for active sonar target echo and bottom reverberation separation. The features of the experimental data have good concentration characteristics in the same class and have a large amount of differences between different classes, which shows that this method can effectively distinguish between the target echo and reverberation.     

Classification of underwater target echoes based on auditory perception characteristics

In underwater target detection, the bottom reverberation has some of the same properties as the target echo, which has a great impact on the performance. It is essential to study the difference between target echo and reverberation. In this paper, based on the unique advantage of human listening ability on objects distinction, the Gammatone filter is taken as the auditory model. In addition, time-frequency perception features and auditory spectral features are extracted for active sonar target echo and bottom reverberation separation. The features of the experimental data have good concentration characteristics in the same class and have a large amount of differences between different classes, which shows that this method can effectively distinguish between the target echo and reverberation.     

水平分置海底混响信号的空间相关特性研究

海洋混响是影响声呐性能的主要因素之一,同时也包含了大量的海洋环境信息,因此对海洋混响的研究就显得尤为重要.本文依据海底散射系数的空间相关半径来划分散射单元,给出一种水平分置多阵元接收海底混响信号的仿真模型,重点分析了混响信号的空间相关特性.从理论上得出水平分置海底混响信号的空间相关特性符合sinc(x)函数衰减规律;根据仿真信号分析得出,混响信号的空间相关性随海底散射系数相关半径和发射信号脉宽增大而减小.     

运动声纳界面混响仿真研究

研究了一种基于空间非均匀分布散射元信号合成的运动声纳混响信号仿真方法。综合考虑了发射信号形式、声纳运动特性、海洋环境等多种混响影响因素,实现了对运动声纳混响信号的数学仿真。对仿真混响信号及其概率密度分布、空间相关系数进行了检验,结果证明了仿真的有效性。     

多通道运动声呐混响仿真

提出了一种直观,易于实现的方法完成多通道声呐混响信号的仿真,采用空间非均匀方式分布散射元,直接对散射元的回波信号进行迭加。仿真综合考虑了多种影响混响的因素,包括发射信号本身的参数,声呐平台的运动,海洋环境等。对仿真信号的平均混响级,瞬时值和包络值概率密度分布,空间相关系数,空时二维谱几个方面进行了检验,结果与理论分析和经验值具有较好的一致性,证明了仿真的有效性。该仿真数据能够满足空时自适应处理(STAP)方法研究的需要。     

掩埋目标声散射特征提取（英文）

Elastic acoustic scattering is important for buried target detection and identification. For elastic spherical objects, studies have shown that a series of narrowband energetic arrivals follow the first specular one. However, in practice, the elastic echo is rather weak because of the acoustic absorption, propagation loss, and reverberation, which makes it difficult to extract elastic scattering features, especially for buried targets. To remove the interference and enhance the elastic scattering, the de-chirping method was adopted here to address the target scattering echo when a linear frequency modulation(LFM) signal is transmitted. The parameters of the incident signal were known. With the de-chirping operation, a target echo was transformed into a cluster of narrowband signals, and the elastic components could be extracted with a band-pass filter and then recovered by remodulation.The simulation results indicate the feasibility of the elastic scattering extraction and recovery. The experimental result demonstrates that the interference was removed and the elastic scattering was visibly enhanced after de-chirping, which facilitates the subsequent resonance feature extraction for target classification and recognition.     

一种回波信号的检测识别方法

本文研究了一种基于回波的目标自动识别方法。该方法首先通过粗取和精取两个步骤将目标回波信号检测提取出来,然后利用回波的Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ－Ｍｅｌｌｉｎ变换,提取具有位移及尺度双重不变的目标特征。最后的实验结果表明,该方法具有一定的优越性和较好的分类效果。     

Characteristic analysis of underwater acoustic scattering echoes in the wavelet transform domain

Underwater acoustic scattering echoes have time–space structures and are aliasing in time and frequency domains. Different series of echoes properties are not identified when incident angle is unknown. This article investigates variations in target echoes of monostatic sonar to address this problem. The mother wavelet with similar structures has been proposed on the basis of preprocessing signal waveform using matched filter, and the theoretical expressions between delay factor and incident angle are derived in the wavelet domain. Analysis of simulation data and experimental results in free-field pool show that this method can effectively separate geometrical scattering components of target echoes. The time delay estimation obtained from geometrical echoes at a single angle is consistent with target geometrical features, which provides a basis for object recognition without angle information. The findings provide valuable insights for analyzing elastic scattering echoes in actual ocean environment.     

基于FRFT的强时频干扰抑制方法

混响是影响双基地或多基地声呐对水中目标探测识别的最主要干扰,提高抗混响能力对识别水中目标有极其重要意义.本文针对混响对目标回波的强时频干扰特性,基于分数阶傅里叶变换所具有的时频耦合分离特性,研究一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换的强混响抑制方法,并进行模拟仿真和水池测试研究,研究结果验证算法的有效性.本算法适用于信号形式为线性调频的宽带信号抗混响干扰,将脉冲信号在分数阶变换域进行尺度压缩,进而将目标信号和干扰信号在变换域中进行分离,有效达到抗混响的目的.     

海底混响非瑞利特性研究及神经网络应用

基于单元散射理论介绍了瑞利分布模型和K分布模型,通过计算混响偏度和峰度判断出海底混响偏离瑞利分布模型,并利用CW信号、LFM信号的试验混响数据进行阵元域、波束域上的PDF曲线拟合。结果表明,海底混响的统计特性更趋向于K分布模型。利用BP网络方法和海底混响、点目标仿真信号的PDF特性进行了目标识别验证,其正确识别率达到了92%以上,且计算量大大降低。     

有限长双层加肋圆柱壳体低频回声:近似理论和实验

研究了有限长双层加肋圆柱壳体的低频回声特性,提出了一种近似预报方法并进行了实验验证。该方法将回声分为弹性部分和几何部分,弹性部分用薄壳理论求解的包含中间水层的弹性散射波来近似;几何部分用修正板块元法计算的壳体和肋板构成的类似角反射体的几何回声来近似,将两者按能量叠加得到总回声场。低频回声实验的ka值约在5～10之间,通过实测的频率—角度谱与理论计算结果的比较分析了各种回声的形成机理。最后将实测目标强度与近似理论预报的结果进行了对比,两者在大部分角度吻合良好。     

目标覆盖层在典型浅海波导中的消声作用

应用非刚性表面声散射的物理声学方法,发展了基于射线跟踪技术的浅海波导中覆盖消声层目标回声计算的数值方法。选取Benchmark潜艇模型和两种假想的消声覆盖层(反射系数在垂直入射时相同,随角度增加的速率不同),讨论了自由空间和浅海信道中弱正梯度和负梯度两种典型声速剖面条件下刚性及覆盖消声层目标的回声特性。结果指出:由于自由空间和浅海波导中目标回声形成机理不同,这两种覆盖层对自由空间中的消声作用影响较小,对浅海波导中的消声作用影响较大;自由空间中消声覆盖层的消声作用不能完全反映其在浅海波导中的实际效果;在实际浅海波导中为了获得较好的消声作用,不仅要在0度入射角还应在小角度(0-30度左右)范围内将覆盖层的反射系数控制在较小的数值区间。     

Extraction of echo characteristics of underwater target based on cepstrum method

The analysis and characteristic extraction of target echo characteristics are important in underwater target detection and recognition. Rigid acoustic scattering components are generally used as major echo contributors with relatively stable characteristic information. Previous studies focus on echo characteristics from a single angle, thereby limiting the amount of extracted characteristic information. This paper aims to establish a full-angle rigid echo components model and overcome the difficulty of the extraction of time delay characteristics of narrow-band acoustic scattering echoes. On the basis of the analysis of the target echo highlight model, the echo characteristics of rigid acoustic scattering components are extracted in the cepstrum domain, and a wavelet process is proposed to enhance the effect of time delay estimation. Experimental data indicate that the extracted time delay characteristics accord with the rigid echo characteristics of underwater target, thereby validating the effectiveness of the cepstrum method.     

倒谱域水下目标回波特征提取（英文）

The analysis and characteristic extraction of target echo characteristics are important in underwater target detection and recognition. Rigid acoustic scattering components are generally used as major echo contributors with relatively stable characteristic information. Previous studies focus on echo characteristics from a single angle, thereby limiting the amount of extracted characteristic information. This paper aims to establish a full-angle rigid echo components model and overcome the difficulty of the extraction of time delay characteristics of narrow-band acoustic scattering echoes. On the basis of the analysis of the target echo highlight model, the echo characteristics of rigid acoustic scattering components are extracted in the cepstrum domain, and a wavelet process is proposed to enhance the effect of time delay estimation. Experimental data indicate that the extracted time delay characteristics accord with the rigid echo characteristics of underwater target, thereby validating the effectiveness of the cepstrum method.     

船舶喷水推进系统匹配特性仿真分析

以某型采用喷水推进的双体船为研究对象,借用MATLAB／SIMULINK软件平台开发了喷水推进系统仿真模型,通过对稳态和加速、换向、回转等动态工况的仿真分析,揭示了“船-机-桨”稳、动态匹配性能的特点,以及与螺旋桨推进舰船“船-机-桨”匹配的区别。     

主动全向声纳浮标回波信号仿真研究

声纳浮标是航空反潜主要的搜潜装备之一,对主动声纳浮标回波信号的研究是航空反潜作战的重要方面。从信号级对目标回波、混响和海洋噪声进行了计算机仿真,在此基础上建立了主动全向声纳浮标回波信号模型,并进行了计算机仿真。仿真结果参照主动声纳浮标系统将仿真的声纳浮标回波信号进行了频率历程图像显示。     

一种改进的混响精细结构模型及其特性分析

混响是鱼雷主动自导背景干扰的一部分,混响的建模与仿真对于研究鱼雷声自导系统具有重要意义。混响具有空时特性,利用空时自适应处理方法抑制混响成为一种可能。因此建立能准确反应水下声传播特性的混响模型,并在此基础上研究其空时特性,是声呐空时处理的重要环节。从水下声信号的特点出发,利用单元散射原理,对界面混响进行精细结构建模、仿真。仿真结果表明:该模型除了能比较完整细致地模拟混响的各种统计特性外,还能保持阵元间的空间相关性,而且能体现出混响的空时特性。     

Dynamics of five-bar COBOT using differential mechanism

COBOT is a new kind of collaborative robot, which can work with people in a shared space. In this paper a new kind of CVT using differential mechanism is introduced, which is major parts of five-bar COBOT and based the feature of nonhlonnmie constraint. The dynamic model of differential mechanism and five-bar architecture COBOT is founded. There are two kinds of coupled mode of two CVT:serial and parallel. In this paper, we present the dynamic model of serial and parallel COBOT take five-bar COBOT as research object. From the dynamic analysis foregoing, both serial and parallel COBOT model are have the feature of nonholonomic constraint. The ending track and moving state are controlled by the force of control motor and operator. The control motor can not control the movement and ending track of COBOT witbout the cooperation of cperator.     

Research on the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water

China’s coastal waters are turbid and the properties of the seabed are complex. This negatively impacts the performance of underwater detection equipment. The properties of sound absorption in turbid water are not well understood. In this paper, the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water was measured by the reverberation technique. All work was done in a reverberation barrel made of seamless aluminum. First, pure water was poured into the reverberation barrel and its reverberation time measured. Next, various concentrations of turbid water were poured into the barrel and their reverberation time measured. After all data had been gathered, the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water of different concentrations was calculated. From this we determined a law of sound absorption in turbid water as summarized in the paper.