软土深基坑考虑时空效应的空间计算分析

本文在以前工作和上海时空软土工程研究咨询中心多年的研究成果的基础上,提出了在软突坑围护结构设计中考虑时空效应的空间计算模型以及有限元子结构解法,并编制了相应的增量法程序。     

深基坑坑底土体抗隆起稳定性的验算方法辨析

深基坑抗隆起验算是基坑设计中的一项重要内容。本文对现有技术标准中有关基坑抗隆起稳定性验算的内容进行了系统的梳理,并就验算模式的适用条件、计算参数的取值和抗隆起安全度的指标值等提出了一些建议,推导和完善了部分计算公式,以供同行参考。     

时空效应规律在深基坑施工中的应用

时空效应理论是一套研究软土深基坑参数优化及变形控制的理论，它包括了设计理论、施工控制方法及相应的环境监控方法。该理论综合考虑了地基参数、支护结构力学性能参数、施工工艺参数，并着重考虑了特殊条件下周围环境要求。以可靠而合理地发挥软土自身控制变形的潜力，从而达到控制地层变形的目的。简要介绍了考虑时空效应的施工控制原理与方法，并通过实例说明了该理论在工程中的应用。     

基坑支挡结构增量法计算模型的研究

增量法是我国目前进行基坑围护结构计算时较常采用的方法,但目前国内对于增量法的研究却不多,尤其是关于"对围护结构施加预加力"这种工况尚无合适的计算模型.文章利用增量法的原理,结合结构计算,研究增量法在对基坑围护墙体施加预加力工况下的计算模型.     

基坑开挖引起下方运营隧道位移的预测与控制技术研究

针对基坑开挖过程中对下方运营地铁隧道的保护问题,通过基于工程实测的隧道回弹隆起值的监控,对隧道回弹隆起的规律进行了分析研究。在考虑基坑开挖时空效应的基础上,分别对基坑放置时间、开挖方式、分块开挖宽度对隧道回弹变形的影响进行了分析和归纳,得出了隧道位移受基坑放置时间、开挖方式、分块开挖土体宽度的影响的规律。     

咬合桩围护结构基坑开挖变形性状的离心模型试验分析

本文通过土工离心模型试验,研究压缩性高、孔隙比大、强度低等特点的全新世冲淤沉积层地层中使用全套管咬合桩围护结构的技术可行性,基坑开挖时围护结构的位移、周围地层的变形、基坑隆起等,综合评定基坑的稳定性。     

钻孔咬合桩在上海地铁车站围护结构设计中的应用

针对软土地基常用的地下围护结构进行分析比较,阐述钻孔咬合桩的基本原理和技术特点,提出较完整的设计过程和计算方法。结合上海市轨道交通8号线虹口足球场站的围护结构设计,介绍钻孔咬合桩在对环境保护有特殊要求的地铁深基坑工程中的应用。     

基坑开挖对近接地铁车站的影响规律研究

文章依托广州地区某邻近运营地铁车站的基坑工程,使用数值分析方法,建立了考虑车站结构-土体-基坑围护结构共同作用的二维非线性数值计算模型,研究了基坑与车站间隔距离、基坑开挖深度等参数变化情况下,地铁车站结构的变形规律及振动响应特性。计算结果表明,基坑开挖明显改变了邻近地铁车站的变形场。基坑开挖越深,距离车站越近,影响越加明显。基坑开挖引起地铁车站的变形表现为竖向隆起和向基坑内侧移动;随着基坑开挖深度的增加,车站结构水平位移变化较为明显,最大竖向位移变化不大,但竖向位移差变化明显,对结构影响较大;在列车动载作用下,随着基坑开挖深度增加和间隔距离的减小,对基坑围护结构本身和邻近车站结构的振动响应特征都将产生影响,而且这种影响均是加剧结构的振动。文章进一步提出了控制车站结构变形的技术措施,为类似地铁车站设计和施工提供了参考。     

地下工程坑中坑围护结构计算方法及影响分析

地下工程坑中坑围护结构的计算可采用分离法和整体法。苏州金鸡湖隧道工程采用两种不同方法分别模拟了坑中坑围护结构的开挖回筑过程,介绍和分析比较了两种方法的围护结构变形、整体稳定性以及围护结构内力的计算结果。     

改进的深基坑多层支撑温度应力计算方法

文章在弹性地基梁法的基础上,考虑了支撑-围护结构-土体相互作用的过程,假设了更合理的温度变化引起的围护结构变形形式;基于winkler地基梁模型,建立了改进的多层支撑温度变化引起的轴力简化计算方法.算例分析结果表明,本计算方法误差更小,迭代次数更少,更加便于应用于实际.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.