Investigation on transient dynamic behaviors of low-tension undersea cables

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the dynamic transient behaviors of undersea cables. In this numerical study, the governing equations based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory are adopted, and they can satisfy many applications no matter what the magnitude of the cable tension is. The nonlinear coupled equations are solved by a popular central finite difference method, and the numerical results of transient behaviors are presented when several kinds of surrounding conditions, such as different towing speeds of surface vessel, different currents and waves with various frequencies and amplitudes, are exerted. Then a detailed comparison of the results, including the upper end tension and cable shape in time-domain, is made under the above external excitations, and finally the possible reasons for these are further explained.     

连续沉井在船闸工程中的应用

淮安三线船闸上下游引航道驳岸大量采用连续沉井结构,文章介绍了淮安三线船闸的结构特点,连续沉井的准备、制作以及下沉等工艺流程、施工要点与质量控制,同时也介绍了连续沉井与一般沉井下沉的不同点。     

Slamming and Green Water Loads on Bow-Flare Ship in Regular Head Waves Investigated by Hydroelasticity Theory and Experiment

With the development of ships towards large scale, high speed and light weight, ship hydroelastic responses and slamming strength issues are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, a time-domain nonlinear hydroelasticity theory is developed to predict ship motion and load responses in harsh regular waves.Hydrostatic restoring force, wave excitation force and radiation force are calculated on the instantaneously wetted body surface to consider the nonlinear effects caused by large amplitude motions of ship in steep waves. A twodimensional(2 D) generalized Wagner model and a one-dimensional(1 D) dam-breaking model are used to estimate the impact loads caused by bow flare slamming and green water on deck, respectively; the impact loads are coupled with the hydroelastic equation in time-domain. Moreover, segmented model tests are carried out in a towing tank to investigate the wave and slamming loads acting on the hull sailing in harsh regular head waves and also validate the numerical results.     

Dynamic response analysis of towed cable during deployment/retrieval

A numerical approach was developed to analyze the transient behavior of towed cable during ac- tively controlled deployment/retrieval (DR). The cable motion is described by the lumped parameter method, its corresponding boundary conditions are presented. In view of its varying length during DR, two auxiliary arguments are introduced to describe its continuous varying length and discrete number of nodes(equations), the length is determined by the pay out(or reel-in) rate, which is then used to determine the node number by a logic relation. For the discrete mathematical model of towed cable, an algorithm was developed to deal with the discrete governing equations. The simulation results indicate that the cable experiences more com- plex motions due to its varying length, and tension fluctuates seriously in the startup and ending stage of deployment/retrieval. The effect of towing ship's motion in waves on cable during deployment/retrieval is also considered via numerical simulation.     

Numerical study of wave loads on a caisson-pile-deck composite structure over permeability seabed

To get the accurate wave loads on wharf composite structure, the wave force on small-scale piles and the uplift force on lower surface of caisson must be considered. Based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, the pore media theory and the volume of fluid (VoF) method, a three-dimensional numerical model is established. The model has been developed to simulate wave interaction with a composite structure including caisson, piles and deck. The numerical results agree very well with the experimental data on total force. The spatial distributions of the non-dimensional wave height and the maximum of wave pressure on surface of composite structure are presented and discussed. The effects of relative caisson length, relative wave height and relative caisson height on horizontal wave force are given. The result indicates that the horizontal wave force achieves maximum value at the relative caisson length of 0.18 and increases linearly with the increase of the relative caisson and wave height. It is proved that the model is an accurate and efficient numerical tool to investigate different problems of wave-structure interaction.     

大跨度悬索桥沉井基础施工过程研究

沉井因其基础刚度大、经济性好的优点被广泛用于桥梁的深水基础和悬索桥锚碇基础.沉井的下沉是施工控制的关键技术,已经引起了高度关注,但设计中多采用偏于保守的平面简化计算方法,造成资源的浪费.采用三维有限元软件建立了沉井基础的平面和空间实体有限元计算模型,对某大跨度悬索桥锚碇沉井基础施工关键技术进行了平面和空间受力分析,进一步分析了沉井的隔墙与井壁在施工过程中的受力特性.对沉井基础的设计和施工均具有较大的指导和借鉴作用.     

悬索桥锚碇沉井基础工作性状研究

针对建造于软土地层中的锚碇沉井基础受力和变形情况复杂且无完善的计算理论的现状,文章以某跨江悬索桥锚碇沉井基础为工程背景,建立了三维实体有限元模型,系统地分析了锚碇沉井基础在多荷载工况下的工作性状,结果表明：锚碇沉井基础极限承载状态的主要控制因素是锚碇前端土体极限承载力,为新型锚碇沉井基础优化设计提供参考.     

沉井刃脚岩壁的处理

以渝怀铁路阿蓬江大桥深水基础钢沉井施工为例,介绍了深水钻岩爆破技术在沉井刃脚岩壁处理中的应用。详细说明了爆破方案的选择、参数设计等,分析了实际爆破效果。施工结果表明,深水钻岩爆破技术安全性高、效益明显,是解决大高差河床中沉井稳定性问题的有效手段之一。     

三峡明渠汛期通航技术研究

全面介绍了三峡明渠汛期通航条件,论证了采用大功率推轮换推与施绞相结合措施,把明渠通航流量提高到３５０００ｍ３／ｓ的可行性,为制定换推、绞滩方案提供科学依据     

挖孔桩施工工艺简论

根据桩基钻孔与桩基挖孔两种施工工艺的对比分析,最终选择挖孔桩施工,就挖孔桩的施工过程及其安全措施进行了分析。     

泰州长江大桥巨型深水沉井施工技术

泰州长江大桥中塔沉井号称"世界第一巨型深水沉井",高76m,入土深度达55m,详细介绍了该沉井施工的整体工艺流程,其多项创新性施工工艺对类似沉井施工具有借鉴意义。     

考虑传输函数特性的行波幅值比较式纵联保护原理

为了精确描述行波在输电线路上的传播过程及其衰减规律,挖掘其携带的故障信息并应用于输电线路继电保护,将线路时域上的波动方程进行Laplace变换,分析了有损均匀传输线的戴维南等效电路,建立了故障附加网络的集总等效电路.在此基础上,推导出输电线两端初始反向行波的数学关系,并提出一种考虑传输函数特性的行波纵联保护算法.该算法利用S变换提取初始行波,计算线路两端初始反向行波的衰减比,依据衰减比识别区内外故障.最后,利用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真数据对保护算法进行测试,结果表明:区内故障时,衰减比大于0.81,区外故障时,衰减比接近0,说明保护算法能可靠识别区内外故障,从原理上克服了线路模型误差、线路参数不确定性等因素产生的不利影响.      

可门港XX泊位沉箱混凝土浇筑设备的比选

论文依托福建省重点工程可门港XX泊位工程,基于对一些常用的混凝土浇筑设备的性能的分析,提出一些适宜于本项目混凝土浇筑施工的几种设备组合方案,并对这些组合方案进行了经济比选和工效比选,结合本工程实际情况及公司现有资源的合理利用,建议采用浇筑方式为：以拖泵＋自动布料杆为主,37m泵车作为辅助浇筑设备。本文的研究对于沉箱浇筑设备配套选择有较好的鉴赏作用。     

超大型沉井基础的施工风险评估

超大型沉井基础受尺寸巨大、地质条件复杂等因素影响,在施工阶段具有较高的安全及质量风险. 为准确有效地实现大型锚碇沉井基础施工过程的风险评估,采用工作分解结构-风险分解结构（WBS-RBS）,并结合专家调查法进行施工全过程风险识别;基于分解结构估测风险事件概率及损失等级从而确定初始风险分解矩阵,通过模糊层次分析（FAHP）法分析各类风险权重对其加权修正,并以修正风险矩阵值评估风险等级;采用该风险评估方法开展连镇铁路五峰山长江大桥北锚碇沉井基础施工风险评估. 研究结果表明:基于WBS-RBS法及专家调查法识别出“井壁开裂”等158项风险源;逐项计算初始风险值、综合风险值权重,并按等级划分标准评估出修正风险值大于1.696的“沉井突沉”“几何偏斜”等重大风险源共16项;针对重大风险源提出施工专项方案、实时施工监控及风险预案等措施控制. 为该沉井基础工程施工风险控制提供了依据,并为类似工程风险评估与控制提供借鉴.      

顶管沉井止水帷幕设计与施工

以西气东输郑州黄河顶管工程4#沉井止水帷幕的设计与施工为例,详细说明了顶管沉井止水帷幕各设计参数确定以及施工方法的选择,并对顶管沉井止水帷幕所采用的高压旋喷技术做了较为详尽的介绍,该工程经验总结所得结论,对今后类似工程的设计与施工有一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

Calculation Method of Wave Forces on Large Round-Ended Caisson Foundation

This paper presents an analytical formula for estimating the longitudinal wave forces on a large roundended caisson foundation. The establishment of the formula is based on the superposition of the theoretical formula of wave forces on a large circular cylinder and the empirical formula of wave forces on a large rectangular cylinder. With the formula transformed into an inertial force form, a specific inertia coefficient with an exact expression is extracted from the formula. The numerical calculations of the wave forces on round-ended cylinders are carried out by the boundary-element method. The undetermined coefficients in the expression of the inertial coefficient are determined by the numerical results. It is obvious that the numerical values can be well expressed by the computation values from the established formula. By a model experiment carried out in laboratory wave flume, the correctness of the analytical formula is further verified by the measured wave forces on a test model of a round-ended bridge caisson foundation. The comparison shows that the experimental forces can be approximately estimated by this simple calculation method.     

Direct algorithms for steady-state solution of long slender marine structures

The steady state solution of long slender marine structures simply indicates the steady motion response to the excitation at top of the structure.It is very crucial especially for deep towing systems to find out how the towed body and towing cable work under certain towing speed.This paper has presented a direct algorithm using Runge-Kutta method for steady-state solution of long slender cylindrical structures and compared to the time iteration calculation;the direct algorithm spends much less time than the time-iteration scheme.Therefore, the direct algorithm proposed in this paper is quite efficient in providing credible reference for marine engineering applications.     

无掩护突堤式沉箱码头稳定性计算

通过对无掩护突堤式沉箱码头上的作用力分析,提出计算码头稳定性时要考虑船舶靠泊码头状态和只受波浪状态,并给出了码头稳定性计算公式．     

时速600公里磁浮列车隧道初始压缩波洞内传播特征和洞口微气压波特征

基于三维数值模拟方法，采用一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型和改进广义黎曼变量特征线方法，在隧道入口端未设置以及设置开口型缓冲结构条件下，分别研究了初始压缩波在隧道洞内的传播及洞口(默认为出口)的微气压波特性。研究结果表明:隧道入口设置开口型缓冲结构与无缓冲结构相比，其产生的初始压缩波的最大压力梯度下降了67.56%；初始压缩波在隧道内的传播过程中存在先激化后衰减的过程，其中未设置缓冲结构和设置开口型缓冲结构的临界长度分别为2和6 km，而满足微气压波控制标准的临界隧道长度分别为33和34 km；虽然开口型缓冲结构可较大幅度降低初始压缩波的最大压力梯度，但是对于长大隧道而言，由于传播过程中压缩波不断激化，开口型缓冲结构实际上对减缓微气压波的作用存在较大幅度的弱化，建议还应采取如竖井等工程措施以减缓激化；缓冲结构对不同隧道长度的洞口内压缩波的最大压力梯度的影响不同，所以需要结合不同类型缓冲结构和长度等因素来确定对应的最佳隧道长度匹配关系。      

Sensitivity Analysis of Wave Slamming Load with Respect to Wind Load for Semi-Submersible Platform Design

A design of offshore floating structure is mainly based on the extreme response analysis due to the forces experienced. The extreme response can induce the negative air gap response and potential impact to the deck bottom of floating structure. It is important to predict the slamming load in order to check the strength of local structures which withstand the wave slamming. In recent years, studies of the effects of wind load on air gap response and slamming load are ignored. When the platform suffers the extreme wave, the wind is also harsh.Moreover, the wind load can affect the motion response of the platform. The wind load cannot be simulated easily by model test in towing tank whereas it can be simulated accurately in wind tunnel test. Though the model test results are not accurate enough for air gap and slamming load evaluation due to the loss of wind effect, they can be used as a good basis for tuning the radiation damping and viscous drag in numerical simulation. This paper aims at presenting the sensitivity analysis results of wave slamming load with respect to the wind load for the design of semi-submersible platform. As an example of semi-submersible drilling platform design, the wind tunnel test has been carried out, and the sea-keeping model test is also performed in towing tank, while the wind load effect is ignored. According to the model test results, a numerical model is tuned and validated by ANSYS AQWA. Sensitivity analysis studies of the relative velocity between water particle and platform surface and the wave slamming load with respect to the wind load are performed in time domain by the tuned numerical model.Five simulation cases about the presented platform are simulated based on the results of wind tunnel tests and sea-keeping tests. The sensitivity analysis results are valuable for the floating platform design.