Slamming and Green Water Loads on Bow-Flare Ship in Regular Head Waves Investigated by Hydroelasticity Theory and Experiment

With the development of ships towards large scale, high speed and light weight, ship hydroelastic responses and slamming strength issues are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, a time-domain nonlinear hydroelasticity theory is developed to predict ship motion and load responses in harsh regular waves.Hydrostatic restoring force, wave excitation force and radiation force are calculated on the instantaneously wetted body surface to consider the nonlinear effects caused by large amplitude motions of ship in steep waves. A twodimensional(2 D) generalized Wagner model and a one-dimensional(1 D) dam-breaking model are used to estimate the impact loads caused by bow flare slamming and green water on deck, respectively; the impact loads are coupled with the hydroelastic equation in time-domain. Moreover, segmented model tests are carried out in a towing tank to investigate the wave and slamming loads acting on the hull sailing in harsh regular head waves and also validate the numerical results.     

表面有螺旋装饰条的大跨贝壳形屋盖风荷载特性

为了解装饰造型对大跨贝壳形屋盖风荷载特性的影响，研究了某表面有螺旋形装饰条高铁站房屋盖的风压分布特征. 首先，基于Reynolds时均RNG k-ε湍流模型，建立表面有装饰条大跨贝壳形屋盖的数值风洞模型，以模拟屋盖风压分布，通过与风洞试验结果的对比分析，验证了数值模型的可靠性和适用性；然后，建立表面无装饰条贝壳形屋盖的数值风洞，并进行数值模拟；最后，将表面有装饰条屋盖和表面无装饰条屋盖的计算结果进行对比，从风荷载升力系数、局部体型系数和局部区域速度矢量分布方面，分析表面有螺旋形装饰条贝壳形屋盖的风场变化特性. 研究结果表明:数值模拟得到的表面有装饰肋条大跨贝壳形屋盖风载体型系数与风洞试验的体型系数相对误差在 ± 25%以内，风荷载升力系数偏差率在?7.1%～6.1%；表面有装饰条模型的风载升力系数小于表面无装饰条模型，最大偏差率达22.4%，设置装饰条对大跨贝壳形屋盖的整体抗风有利；设置装饰条可以使屋面大部分区域的局部风压减小0～50%，但也会使得个别区域增大2～5倍，在对局部附属构件设计时应予以重点关注；装饰肋条间有一定的狭管效应，肋条对风流的阻挡效应致使风流在肋条处有明显的漩涡产生，并使得肋条自身的风压较高，表面有装饰条屋盖会在背风面产生比表面无装饰条屋盖更大范围的尾涡.      

Research on Dynamic Response Characteristics of 6MW Spar-Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

A 6 MW spar-type floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT) model is put forward and a fully coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic time domain model is established in the fatigue,aerodynamics,structures and turbulence(FAST) code.Influence rules of wind load and wave load on the characteristics of 6 MW spar-type FOWT are investigated.Firstly,validation of the model is carried out and a satisfactory result is obtained.The maximal deviations of rotor thrust and power between simulation results and reference values are 4.54% and-2.74%,respectively.Then the characteristics,including rotor thrust,rotor power,out-of-plane blade deflection,tower base fore-aft bending moment,and mooring line tension,are researched.The results illustrate that the mean value of dynamic response characteristics is mainly controlled by the wind-induced action.For characteristics of tower base fore-aft bending moment and platform pitch motion,the oscillation is dominated by the wave-induced action during all conditions considered.For characteristics of out-of-plane blade tip deflection and mooring line tension,the oscillation is commanded by combination effect of wave and wind loads when the wind speed is lower than the rated wind speed(hereinafter referred to as below rated wind speed) and is controlled by the wave-induced action when the wind speed is higher than the rated wind speed(hereinafter referred to as above rated wind speed).As to the rotor thrust and power,the oscillation is dominated by the wind induced action at below rated wind speed and by the combination action of wind and wave loads at above rated wind speed.The results should be useful to the detailed design and model basin test of the 6 MW spar-type FOWT.     

大跨翘曲屋盖风压分布的风洞试验与数值模拟

为了解大跨翘曲屋盖结构的风压分布特征,对某大跨翘曲屋盖进行了风洞试验和计算流体动力学数值模拟.首先,根据风洞试验结果分析了屋盖风压分布情况及门窗开启状态对风压分布的影响;然后,基于CFX软件平台,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型模拟了该屋盖结构的平均风压分布,并将模拟结果与风洞试验数据进行了比较.研究结果表明:门窗开启对外风压影响较小,对内压有一定影响,开一边门窗时,屋盖会受到向上的升力,两边同时开启时,内压对屋盖有向下的吸力作用;采用RNG k-ε湍流模型模拟大跨翘曲屋盖结构的平均风压分布具有较好的计算精度,可较准确地反映实际风压;屋面风压分布以吸力为主,风荷载最不利位置在翘曲边缘和屋面顶部区域;来流方向为翘曲向时,风流在翘曲边缘有较大的分离,在翘曲面有较强的漩涡产生,风流绕过建筑后,在来流方向建筑两侧会伴随着分离和漩涡产生,且在背风面会形成两个大的对称尾涡,而来流方向为凹曲向时,侧面和背风面的分离和漩涡并不明显.      

Effects of Tuned Mass Damper on Wind-Induced Vibration of Free Standing Pylon by Wind Tunnel Test

In order to assess the effects of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) on wind actions, an aeroelastic model with a scale of 1:60 was constructed. Tests were performed in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel to investigate the buffeting response of the pylon with a TMD fixed by a wire rope instead of a spring. The model was tested under different levels of damping. The experimental and numerical results showed that with the TMD in the optimal condition, the buffeting response was reduced by 47%.     

滑行艇波浪中砰击压力极值研究

滑行艇在波浪中高速滑行时,会引起局部较大的砰击载荷和非常复杂的表面压力分布。为了在保证安全的前提下将装载能力和动力最大化,艇体初步设计时必须合理的估算使用海域可能出现的局部极限载荷大小,来调整艇体抗压能力,获取最优化设计。通过在规则和不规则波浪中的模型试验,测得艇体局部受到的砰击压力极值及特性。并引用简单有效的方法计算该值,与试验测量值吻合较好,证明该方法有一定的工程应用性。     

Aerodynamic characteristics of airship Zhiyuan-1

An airship named ＂Zhiyuan-l＂ was designed/fabricated/flied as a technical demonstration for stratospheric airship during 2007--2009 by Shanghai Jiaotong University. The calculation method and procedure of aerodynamic parameters were introduced, and the optimized configuration of the hull and the aerodynamic layout were given in this paper. Wind tunnel tests with different configurations, different pitch angles and different yaw angles were performed to study the wind load characteristics of the rigid model of the airship ＂Zhiyuan-1＂ in the φ3.2 m wind tunnel at China Aerodynamics Research ＆ Development Center. Also the numerical calculation about the test model was carried out to investigate the aerodynamic behavior. According to the results of wind test and numerical calculation, the excellent hull configuration of the airship ＂Zhiyuan-1＂ with lower drag characteristic was confirmed, which is based on optimism of the Michel transition law. And the phenomena of pressure coefficient distribution were discussed according to the results of wind tunnel test and numerical calculation at different flight attitudes.     

浅埋隧道掘进爆破地表震动效应数值模拟

以渝怀铁路人和场隧道爆破施工为背景，采用动力有限元法对浅埋隧道掘进爆破引起的地表震动效应进行了数值模拟．所建立的数值计算模型以地表和隧道已开挖区周边作为自由边界，其余为固定边界，实测隧道壁质点振动波形作为输入荷载．模拟获得的振动波形与实测波形相近，振动速度随时间和距离的衰减规律也与现场实测基本一致．对比分析模拟波形和实测波形的振动特征参数表明，模拟波形能反映质点的实际振动特征，其振幅、主频和持时的相对误差均值分别为9．14％，12．85％和17．57％．     

高速列车头部气动性能的模拟计算与试验

为了研究高速列车的头形对列车整车的气动性能有着重要的影响,对一节半车编组列车分别进行了空气动力学仿真分析和风洞试验．采用有限体积法对列车头部周围流场进行区域离散,进行气动性能仿真分析,得到高速列车头车的气动特性参数．在满足几何相似的基础上,对一节半编组的列车模型进行风洞试验,获取头部的气动参数,并从模拟仿真分析结果与风洞试验结果对比分析中验证,两种方法能够相互补充,相互印证,为高速列车头形的研究总结出有效的研究途径．     

建筑结构风荷载的三维数值模拟

本文介绍了建筑结构风载的三维数值模拟的湍流模型,列出了三雏不可压缩流的时均化方程、连续方程和K-S方程,并介绍了其求解过程,分析了数值模拟与风洞试验之间的差别。     

空气弹簧试验台的设计及特性试验

利用CATIA建模以及有限元分析设计了一款1/4车辆模型的电控空气悬架试验台,该台架不仅适用于测试气囊特性曲线,还可以模拟由静态载荷、动态载荷以及交变载荷变化引起气囊高度的改变,从而观察系统为保持车辆高度不变所做出的反应,最后通过空气弹簧特性试验,验证了该台架符合设计需求,为下一步开发空气悬架控制策略提供了平台。     

高速列车头部气动性能的模拟计算与试验

为了研究高速列车的头形对列车整车的气动性能有着重要的影响,对一节半车编组列车分别进行了空气动力学仿真分析和风洞试验.采用有限体积法对列车头部周围流场进行区域离散,进行气动性能仿真分析,得到高速列车头车的气动特性参数.在满足几何相似的基础上,对一节半编组的列车模型进行风洞试验,获取头部的气动参数,并从模拟仿真分析结果与风洞试验结果对比分析中验证,两种方法能够相互补充,相互印证,为高速列车头形的研究总结出有效的研究途径.     

冲击载荷作用下隧道逃生管动力响应研究

为保证隧道塌方时施工人员有足够的逃生空间,结合具体工程,介绍了隧道逃生管设计要点,并对其在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应进行了弹塑性数值模拟。研究表明,逃生管变形随着落石尺寸的增大而增大,随着逃生管壁厚的增大而减小,随着与逃生管端部距离的增大而减小。     

Wind Vibration Study of Long-span Steel Arch Structure of Beijing Capital International Airport

IntroductionThe long-span light-weight steel arch struc-tures have been widely used in the world due to itsbeautiful shape and reasonable mechanical charac-teristics. With the development of the computa-tional theory, the steel arch span becomes longerand longer. So, the wind loads become the majoror even dominant loads applied on steel arch struc-tural system[1~3]. The distress and damage willprobably occur in the structure, because of thelong term wind-induced vibration.1 Structural Wind-in…     

风、浪、流荷载组合对跨海桥梁动力响应的影响

为研究跨海桥梁所受风、浪、流环境荷载及其组合影响,采用国际结构安全性联合委员会（JCSS）提出的组合模型将风浪流荷载进行组合,并考虑了风浪流要素之间的相关性,对于风浪相关性采用了耿贝尔联合概率模型,并通过风海流实现了水流与风场的联合. 以某跨海大桥为工程背景,分析了不同荷载组合对主梁动力响应的影响及其机理,并讨论了荷载组合中参与荷载时段和不同波浪场对计算结果的影响. 研究结果表明:风、浪、流荷载对主梁位移响应影响较大,以风为主要荷载的JCSS组合比以波浪和水流为主要荷载的JCSS组合跨中位移响应偏大20%～30%;随机波浪和桥梁横向基阶模态对跨中横向响应贡献显著;主梁不同位置的位移响应受同一环境要素的影响程度不同,主跨跨中响应主要受风荷载的影响,塔梁结合处主梁响应主要受波浪荷载的影响;波浪场采用规则波模拟会低估主梁跨中位移响应.      

客运专线斜拉桥梁轨相互作用设计参数

采用非线性弹簧模拟桥梁和轨道的相互作用,根据相关文献的试验结果对模拟方法进行验证。以沪昆客运专线上某槽型截面独塔斜拉桥为算例,采用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS建立了塔-索-轨-梁-墩统一的空间有限元模型,对斜拉桥钢轨纵向力的传递规律进行了分析,研究了纵向阻力模型、斜拉桥结构体系、温度荷载与风荷载等设计参数对钢轨纵向力的影响。分析结果表明:钢轨纵向阻力可按理想弹塑性模型进行简化;与漂浮体系相比,塔梁固结可减小约30%的钢轨纵向力;在计算钢轨伸缩力时可按照梁体升温15℃和拉索升温40℃加载;在风速较大的地区,风力引起的斜拉桥上钢轨纵向力可超过60kN。     

盾构隧道纵向地震响应分析

为了探讨盾构隧道的纵向地震响应特性，采用地层一隧道整体三维有限元模型，对武汉长江越江盾构隧道的地震响应进行了分析，主要研究了合理的盾构隧道力学模型、隧道与地层之间的相互作用以及隧道的振动特性．通过隧道与地层的整体分析，得到了盾构隧道位移和应力的分布及其随时间的变化曲线．计算结果表明：压缩波引起的纵向拉、压应力和剪切波引起的扭曲变形是隧道抗震设计的关键．     

山区单悬臂廊桥结构抖振响应及等效风荷载

为研究山区风环境下悬挑式人行桥梁抖振响应及风荷载,以某单悬臂观景廊桥为背景,通过风洞试验对结构的静力三分力系数以及不同风参数下的抖振响应进行了测量,并将结构横桥向最大等效风荷载规范计算值与试验值进行比较. 结果表明:山体地形对结构三分力系数及抖振响应影响较大,二者最大值均未出现在常规风向角;结构抖振响应随风速的增大而增大,受小幅风攻角的影响较小;横向抖振响应受一定程度紊流度变化的影响不敏感,但竖向及扭转响应整体随紊流度的增加呈明显增大趋势,在紊流度增大约40%的情况下二者均增大15%左右;竖向抖振响应随紊流积分尺度的增大（增幅约20%）而增大,增幅在9%左右,但积分尺度对横向抖振响应几乎无影响,对扭转响应的影响随风攻角的不同有较大差异,随着积分尺度的增大,3° 攻角下扭转响应增幅约为8%,0° 攻角其受积分尺度的变化影响较小;相比横桥向最大等效风荷载试验值,利用桥梁规范计算的结果偏于保守,静阵风系数的取值有待修正.      

海洋环境中复合桩基水平方向波浪荷载研究

为研究承台淹没深度及波浪入射角对桩-承台复合基础水平方向波浪荷载的影响,以平潭海峡公铁两用大桥某复合基础为研究对象,通过求解RANS方程（Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation）和k-ε湍流模型,借助FLOW-3D软件建立了波浪与复合基础相互作用的三维数值模型.研究了承台淹没深度及波浪入射角对复合基础水平方向波浪荷载的影响,并给出了不同波浪入射角下复合基础水平方向波浪荷载幅值随承台淹没深度的变化曲线.研究结果表明:承台位于波峰与波谷之间时,复合基础所受波浪荷载较大,承台淹没深度为1倍承台高度时波浪荷载达到峰值;当波浪入射角定义为承台长轴线与波浪传播方向之间夹角时,复合基础所受波浪荷载随着波浪入射角增大,当波浪入射角达到90°时,波浪荷载最大,其值约为波浪入射角为0°时的1.4倍左右.      

风切变条件下的空速稳定性分析

建立了讨论空速稳定性的数学模型，并对该数学模型的数值结果进行了分析，认识飞机的空速稳定性参数和空速时间常数与空速、翼载荷、阻力系数以及机型大小有关。其结果对掌握风切变条件下的飞行处置有一定意义。