整车半主动悬架滑模控制器的设计与仿真

基于滑模理论设计了7自由度的整车半主动悬架系统的滑模控制器。采用极点配置法进行切换超平面的设计,应用顺序启动递阶算法和等速趋近率法进行多变量滑模变结构控制器的设计和优化。研究了系统在随机激励条件下的车身加速度、俯仰角、侧倾角、俯仰角加速度、侧倾角加速度、悬架动行程和轮胎动位移等主要性能指标在时域上的控制效果,并对其进行了功率谱密度的仿真分析。结果表明:该滑模控制器性能稳定,控制后悬架各性能参数在时域和频域中均得到明显改善,证实了该滑模控制器设计的有效性。     

基于径向基函数神经网络的半主动悬架滑模控制

采用天棚阻尼模型为参考模型,设计了1/4车辆悬架系统的滑模控制器,并用径向基函数神经网络对其进行了优化.研究了系统在随机激励条件下的车身加速度、悬架动行程和轮胎动位移等性能参数的控制效果,并对其功率谱密度进行了仿真分析.结果表明:该滑模控制器性能稳定,控制后悬架各性能参数在时域和频域中均得到明显改善.     

基于滑模理论的半主动悬架控制

建立了4自由度的1/2车辆悬架模型.采用极点配置法进行切换超平面的设计,基于滑模理论并应用自由递阶法进行多变量变结构滑模控制器的设计,并用光滑函数消减系统抖振.研究了系统在随机激励条件下的车身垂向加速度与俯仰角加速度、前后悬架动行程和前后轮胎动位移等性能的控制效果,并对其进行了功率谱密度的仿真分析.仿真结果表明:该滑模控制器性能稳定,控制后悬架各性能参数在时域和频域中均得到明显改善,证明了所设计的多输入滑模控制器的有效性.     

油气悬架车身高度控制研究

针对油气悬架系统,提出了一种由PID控制器和滑模控制器组成的双闭环控制的车身高度控制策略,外环为高度控制环,内环为力跟踪控制环。外环利用PID控制算法实现对期望高度的精确跟踪,输出一个最优控制力,该最优控制力作为内环的给定。内环的作用是通过油气悬架实现对最优控制力的跟踪,针对建立的油气悬架非线性数学模型,内环采用滑模控制算法,并对滑模控制存在的颤振问题进行了修正。结果表明,该控制器能满足车身高度控制的精度要求,同时具有较好的快速性和稳定性。     

半主动悬架模糊控制仿真

为缓和路面传递给车身的冲击,改善汽车行驶的平顺性和操作稳定性,文章建立了二自由度1／4车体半主动悬架非线性动力学模型,利用MATLAB模糊逻辑控制工具箱设计半主动悬架的模糊控制器,通过运用MATLAB／SIMULINK,对悬架系统进行了仿真分析。结果表明,该控制方法能有效地降低车身垂直加速度、悬架的动挠度和车轮动载荷,提高了汽车的平顺性和操纵稳定性。     

车辆悬架联合反馈半主动控制算法

为提高车辆乘坐舒适性,基于采用典型算法的车身加速度幅频特性分析,提出了基于车身速度和加速度信号联合反馈控制的半主动控制算法。以天棚半主动控制作为参照,对该算法的性能进行了分析和评价。结果表明,该算法能够实现对车身加速度、悬架挠度和车轮动载荷等悬架性能指标的有效控制,在大幅提高车辆乘坐舒适性的同时改善了操纵稳定性。算法简单实用、计算量小,适用于车辆悬架系统的振动控制。     

基于混合遗传算法的主动悬架集成优化研究

作者提出的主动悬架的集成优化方法是以主动悬架的结构参数与LQG控制器为优化对象,以主动悬架系统输出的车身垂直加速度、悬架动位移、轮胎动位移和主动控制力的加权和为优化性能指标。同时提出了一种混合优化算法,它利用梯度算法每次迭代得到的结果来改进遗传算法的群体,而用遗传算法的最优个体与梯度算法的迭代解相比较,选择其中的最优点作为梯度算法下一步迭代的初始点。运用该混合遗传算法进行主动悬架系统的集成优化控制能有效地提高汽车行驶平顺性和安全性。     

汽车主动悬架鲁棒保性能控制仿真研究

针对具有控制量和输出硬约束的不确定系统,研究了一种鲁棒保性能控制方法,将汽车主动悬架的控制问题视为有时域硬约束的鲁棒干扰抑制问题。将车身加速度作为系统的H2最小化输出性能指标,悬架动行程和轮胎动载荷作为H∞性能指标,得到系统的鲁棒H2/H∞最优保性能控制律。通过实例的仿真验证了鲁棒保性能控制方法的有效性和可行性,改善了带主动悬架系统汽车的乘坐舒适性。     

摇臂推杆式电磁主动悬架的鲁棒控制与优化

针对被动悬架和半主动悬架在抑制车辆振动方面存在的不足,提出一种摇臂推杆式电磁主动悬架并试制样机,它具有结构新颖、加工容易和模块化设计等特点。对该悬架系统非线性特性进行分析,得到等效刚度和等效簧下质量等参数的摄动区间。在保证系统鲁棒稳定性的前提下,以车身加速度、悬架动行程、轮胎动位移和主动力最小作为优化目标,设计鲁棒H∞控制器。为降低控制器保守性,将车身质量参数摄动范围分段,优化设计自适应鲁棒H∞控制器,通过静态查表方式离线控制,保证实时性,且无需切换控制器,避免对乘员产生的冲击感。     

基于MATLAB/Simulink的半主动悬架仿真分析

采用四自由度半车数学模型,根据运动学定律,对模型受力进行分析,列出状态方程;根据已建立的模型和所列方程确定加权矩阵,采用最优控制策略设计控制器;利用MATLAB软件搭建模块,调整加权系数,将车身垂直加速度、俯仰角加速度、悬架动行程及轮胎动载荷4个目标控制在有效范围内;通过半主动悬架时域内仿真分析,并与被动悬架对比,得出具有控制器的半主动悬架在一定程度上改善了悬架系统的工作性能,验证了控制器设计的有效性。     

工程车辆非线性橡胶悬架动力学建模与优化

以AD250铰接式自卸车的非线性变刚度橡胶悬架为研究对象,应用模态综合法和多柔体系统动力学理论,并通过整车试验建立了整车刚柔耦合动力学模型。以行驶平顺性和操纵稳定性为优化目标,采用序列二次规划法,对不同载荷、不同等级路面和不同车速下的悬架特性参数进行优化,得到了不同工况下的最优悬架特性参数。通过最小二乘法拟合得到了橡胶悬架刚度参数的理想非线性特性曲线。仿真结果表明,优化后的橡胶悬架系统能使车辆保持良好的行驶平顺性。     

A Pitch-Plane Model of a Vehicle with Controlled Suspension

A vehicle model incorporating front and rear wheel suspensions and seat suspension is presented. The suspension control includes algorithms to provide both dynamic and steady state (levelling) control. Vehicle response to (a) vertical inputs due to ground disturbances at the wheels and (b) longitudinal inputs due to the inertial forces during braking and accelerating, are investigated. It is shown that the static (self-levelling) control causes a slight deterioration in dynamic performance. The active ride control produces improvements of ride comfort under dynamic conditions compared to an equivalent passively suspended vehicle. In steady state the proposed control eliminates the error heave of the body caused by tilting of the vehicle with active suspension.     

汽车主动悬架的单神经元自适应控制

在1/4汽车动力学模型的基础上,设计了汽车主动悬架的自适应神经元控制器。以车辆的行驶平顺性为主要控制目标,车身垂直加速度、悬架动挠度、车轮动位移为具体评价参数,研究了系统在随机路面激励条件下的时域响应,计算了振动响应的均方根值,考察了在变参数条件下控制器的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该控制器能有效改善车辆的综合性能,尤其是平顺性和舒适性,并且具有较好的鲁棒性,对模型参数的变化有一定的适应性。     

油气弹簧非线性特性对车辆平顺性的影响分析

推导并建立了某工程车辆油气弹簧的非线性刚度和阻尼特性的数学模型，并将其导入到车辆模型中。根据汽车悬架质量分配特点．将汽车简化为两自由度的舣质量振动系统，对此两自由度模型的车轮加速度、车身加速度和悬架动行程进行了仿真从仿真结果可以看出，非线性油气弹簧能很好地衰减由路面传递来的振动。分析了刚度和阻尼的变化对车辆平顺性的影响。     

Roll- and pitch-plane-coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension. Part 2: dynamic response analyses

In the first part of this study, the potential performance benefits of fluidically coupled passive suspensions were demonstrated through analyses of suspension properties, design flexibility and feasibility. In this second part of the study, the dynamic responses of a vehicle equipped with different configurations of fluidically coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension systems are investigated for more comprehensive assessments of the coupled suspension concepts. A generalised 14 degree-of-freedom nonlinear vehicle model is developed and validated to evaluate vehicle ride and handling dynamic responses and suspension anti-roll and anti-pitch characteristics under various road excitations and steering/braking manoeuvres. The dynamic responses of the vehicle model with the coupled suspension are compared with those of the unconnected suspensions to demonstrate the performance potential of the fluidic couplings. The dynamic responses together with the suspension properties suggest that the full-vehicle-coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension could offer considerable potential in realising enhanced ride and handling performance, as well as improved anti-roll and anti-pitch properties in a very flexible and energy-saving manner.     

用柔性多体动力学方法预测悬架对汽车转向特性的影响系数

利用柔性多体动力学方法建立了基于ADAMS软件平台的麦弗逊式独立悬架动力学仿真分析模型。并根据所建立的模型，对某轿车麦弗逊式前独立悬架的力变形特性进行了仿真和试验对比分析。通过仿真计算出了决定汽车不足转向度相关参数的相关系数。     

Adaptive Control of Vehicle Suspension

An adaptive control scheme for a two-degree-of-freedom vehicle model with active suspension is proposed. The performance goal is to minimize the variance of vehicle body acceleration under inequality constraints imposed on the variance of either tire or suspension deflection. An active suspension is adapted to the changes in vehicle velocity and the type of road (or terrain) surface which is assumed to be reconstructable from the accelerometer measurements. The control gain factors are obtained by the iterative method taking advantage of stochastic linear control theory. The performance of the system is evaluated and compared to that of an active system with constant gain factors and a passive system with adjustable parameters.     

Preview Control Algorithms for the Active Suspension of an Off-Road Vehicle

The potential performance improvement using preview control for active vehicle suspension was first recognized in the late nineteen sixties. All work done since that time has been based on optimal control theory using simple vehicle models.

In this article, the performance of quarter vehicle preview controllers when applied to a real off-road vehicle is simulated using both two degree of freedom quarter and ten degree of freedom full vehicle models. The results, which are compared with non-preview active and conventional passive suspensions, confirm that preview control reduces vertical acceleration of the body centre of gravity, which results in improved ride quality. Further, reductions in pitch and roll motion result from smaller vertical displacements of the vehicle quarters. Coupling between quarters, through the vehicle body, appears to have a smoothing effect on the control.

As an alternative to optimal control theory based controllers, a simple ad hoc preview controller based on isolating the vehicle body from dynamic loads transmitted through the suspension is proposed. Simulation results show that such a controller outperforms the optimal control theory based controllers over small discrete disturbances but responds poorly to disturbances encountered from other than steady state.     

Semi-active control of tracked vehicle suspension incorporating magnetorheological dampers

In past years, the application of magnetorheological (MR) and electrorheological dampers in vehicle suspension has been widely studied, mainly for the purpose of vibration control. This paper presents theoretical study to identify an appropriate semi-active control method for MR-tracked vehicle suspension. Three representative control algorithms are simulated including the skyhook, hybrid and fuzzy-hybrid controllers. A seven degrees-of-freedom tracked vehicle suspension model incorporating MR dampers has been adopted for comparison between the performance of the three controllers. The model differential equations are derived based on Newton's second law of motion and the proposed control methods are developed. The performance of each control method under bump and sinusoidal road profiles for different vehicle speeds is simulated and compared with the performance of the conventional suspension system in time and frequency domains. The results show that the performance of tracked vehicle suspension with MR dampers is substantially improved. Moreover, the fuzzy-hybrid controller offers an excellent integrated performance in reducing the body accelerations as well as wheel bounce responses compared with the classical skyhook and hybrid controllers.     

Adaptive Control of Vehicle Suspension

SUMMARY

An adaptive control scheme for a two-degree-of-freedom vehicle model with active suspension is proposed. The performance goal is to minimize the variance of vehicle body acceleration under inequality constraints imposed on the variance of either tire or suspension deflection. An active suspension is adapted to the changes in vehicle velocity and the type of road (or terrain) surface which is assumed to be reconstructable from the accelerometer measurements. The control gain factors are obtained by the iterative method taking advantage of stochastic linear control theory. The performance of the system is evaluated and compared to that of an active system with constant gain factors and a passive system with adjustable parameters.