轿车外流场车轮转动时侧风效应的数值模拟研究

为了研究侧风条件下车辆行驶对交通安全的影响。以某轿车1∶5模型为算例,采用了移动地面模拟轿车相对地面的运动和旋转壁面模拟车轮转动的方法,进行了侧风角分别为0、5、10、15°和30°及车轮转动和静止情况下的数值模拟。输出了车身附近和转动车轮附近的流线、纵向对称面和左方前轮的压力曲线和部分车身表面摩擦力分布情况。对比分析了各侧风状态下的侧向力系数变化情况。研究结果表明:随着侧风角的增大侧向力迅速增大;转动车轮条件下的气动阻力较低,计算精度较高,基本与试验情况吻合。     

底部结构对轿车侧风气动特性的影响分析

应用计算流体动力学方法分别对带光滑底部和真实底部结构的某轿车进行侧风气动特性对比分析。结果表明:汽车底部结构对气动力影响显著,与光滑底部相比,实际底部结构使尾涡扩散区增大,车底流速减小,导致气动力增加;加装车底阻流板能改善侧风状态下汽车的底部、尾部和背风侧的流场结构,降低整车气动力,特别是气动升力。模型风洞试验验证了所采用数值分析方法的可靠性。本研究对指导汽车底部结构设计和侧风稳定性分析具有较好的参考价值。     

侧风对轿车气动特性影响的稳态和动态数值模拟对比研究

分别采用稳态方法和基于动网格技术的动态方法对侧风作用下的汽车外流场进行了3种情况的数值模拟,将3种模拟结果进行对比,同时将部分模拟结果与试验值进行了对比。结果表明合理选用数值模拟方案可获得较满意的计算结果;地面边界层对计算结果影响较大;稳态方法和动态方法的流场分布、阻力系数和升力系数以及较弱侧风条件下的侧向力系数有较好的一致性,强侧风条件下的侧向力系数则差别较大。     

某产品轿车侧窗风噪的数值分析

对某轿车的侧窗风噪进行数值分析,数值结果是通过使用商用软件PowerFLOW获取的.该软件数值分析的关键是其数值方式基于著名的格子布尔兹曼法(LBM),并结合了RNG湍流模型.这种方式能精确捕捉复杂模型的高雷诺数流动的基于时间的气动特性,包括气动噪声,频谱分析在仿真数据上进行.该仿真阐述了该数值方法预测由复杂流动现象引起的湍流波动的能力,介绍了先进的视觉和分析系统,用于获取近壁流场的瞬时现象.这些技术有助于识别车辆表面压力脉动产生的噪声以及在不同的流动工况下对噪声进行比较.     

不同角度侧风状态下油罐车的气动特性仿真研究

在高速长途运输中油罐车受侧风影响易出现侧翻等交通事故。文中采用横摆模型法建立不同角度侧风状态下油罐车车身外流场,并进行数值计算,得到油罐车气动特性随侧风角度变化的规律,即随着侧风角度的变化,油罐车受到的侧向力、升力和侧倾力矩、横摆力矩、纵倾力矩明显增大,阻力先增后减;当侧风角度大于60°后升力系数、侧向力系数均较高,说明此时油罐车高速行驶存在较高的危险性。     

基于SST湍流模型的超车时汽车外流场变化的仿真分析

基于k-w模型的SST(剪切应力输运)湍流模型综合了k-ε和k-w湍流模型在边界层内外计算的优点,能够准确及时预测分离的特性。利用SST湍流模型对轿车超越轿车的过程运用计算机仿真技术进行数值模拟,得出被超轿车在此过程中的气动阻力系数和气动侧力变化曲线图,并对这一工况进行了分析。     

某轿车车身外流场空气动力学研究

以某款轿车车身为研究对象,对该款轿车进行数值模拟计算,得到该轿车的压力云图、速度矢量图、湍流动能分布图和空气阻力系数。计算结果反映了该款轿车外流场的气动特性,较好地模拟了车身表面分离流的运动情况;得到该模型空气阻力系数为0.317,与实际车型数据基本吻合。借助正交实验法,对影响外流场性能的因素进行了优化,得到较好的结果,即:前部上翘角为12°,前风窗角为27°,后风窗角为28°,尾部上翘角为13°,可为今后研究提供理论参考。     

不确定气动干扰效应影响下并列大跨度桥梁颤振导数识别方法

将处于自然风中一前一后并列布置的大跨度桥梁相互之间可能存在的不确定相互气动干扰处理成随机气动干扰,并归入到紊流风随机激励中,采用基于模态参数识别的随机子空间识别方法,开发了桥梁断面颤振导数识别的专用程序,并以具有理论解的Theodorsen平板为例,通过系统响应数值仿真和颤振导数识别,验证了该方法的可靠性。针对实际大跨度桥梁,设计了并列节段模型试验悬挂系统,开展了紊流风和随机气动干扰效应下的并列大跨度桥梁节段模型风洞试验,将迎风、背风侧桥梁断面的颤振导数结果与均匀流、紊流风中单个桥梁断面颤振导数值进行了对比。结果表明:背风侧桥梁对迎风侧桥梁的颤振导数影响很小,而迎风侧桥梁对背风侧桥梁的颤振导数有较大影响;该研究方法为存在这种随机气动干扰的并列大跨度桥梁颤振导数识别提供了一个较为合理的途径。     

汽车侧窗风振噪声特性差异研究

针对日益凸显的汽车侧窗风振噪声问题,进行了汽车侧窗风振噪声特性研究。首先分析汽车风振噪声产生机理,然后对某款轿车不同侧窗完全开启时引起的风振噪声进行了实车道路试验。通过分析监测点的声压和声压级频谱特征,发现不同侧窗开启模式下汽车侧窗风振噪声特性存在差异:单一后窗开启或者两后窗同时开启情况下风振噪声具有多谐振荡的特性;其它情况下风振噪声仅有单一的风振峰值;在发生共振时,两后窗同时开启引起的风振噪声最强。本研究从CFD数值模拟流场和前后窗造型等角度揭示了不同侧窗开启风振噪声特性存在差异的原因,为侧窗风振噪声的控制奠定了基础。     

桥墩附近桥面局部风环境数值研究

桥墩的存在改变了主梁的空气绕流特征,容易使桥面形成局部风场,可能导致桥上运行车辆气动力的突然变化而直接威胁行车安全。然而,目前对于桥墩影响下桥面的局部风环境少有研究。为探明桥墩影响下桥面的局部风场特性,本研究以数值模拟方为基础开展了研究。以某跨海大桥桥墩—主梁侧风绕流为对象,采用CFD数值分析方法建立模型,探究桥墩附近桥面不同行车道上局部风环境特征,通过有无风屏障的模拟分析风屏障对桥面风环境突变效应的影响,考察了桥墩影响下桥面局部风场沿桥轴向的变化。通过与风洞试验结果进行对比,验证了所采用数值模型及计算方法的准确性。通过不同风速条件确定了雷诺数对有无风屏障下桥面风场的影响,以桥墩-主梁绕流的流线明确了局部风场特征,采用风速变化率量化桥墩影响下桥面风环境的突变效应。分析表明:对于所采用的桥墩-主梁对象与风屏障,桥面风环境对雷诺数不敏感;桥墩的出现导致了桥面出现大的漩涡与分离流动从而形成了桥面局部风场,使得车辆高度范围内迎风侧车道风速总体大于背风侧车道;桥墩沿桥轴向对桥面局部风场的影响随车道与高度的不同而存在差异,背风侧车道受影响高度大于迎风侧车道;风屏障弱化了风速在桥墩附近的突变效应,有利于桥面行车安全。     

High speed driving stability of passenger car under crosswind effects

The driving stability of a passenger car at high-speed and under crosswind conditions is affected by aerodynamic characteristics as well as their dynamic characteristics, suspension, and weight distribution. In this study, the total measuring system was thought up to understand the transient vehicle dynamics and aerodynamics with driver’s control inputs all together. The test results were taken from a full-scale wind tunnel test, a crosswind generator test and an on-road test. We investigated major aerodynamic parameters that affect the driving stability of passenger cars under crosswind effects such as overtaking, passing each other, natural crosswind, etc. The reaction rate of high-speed stability will be improved when we minimize the total lift, side force and especially the yawing moment.     

Numerical simulation of aerodynamic performance of a couple multiple units high-speed train

In order to determine the effect of the coupling region on train aerodynamic performance, and how the coupling region affects aerodynamic performance of the couple multiple units trains when they both run and pass each other in open air, the entrance of two such trains into a tunnel and their passing each other in the tunnel was simulated in Fluent 14.0. The numerical algorithm employed in this study was verified by the data of scaled and full-scale train tests, and the difference lies within an acceptable range. The results demonstrate that the distribution of aerodynamic forces on the train cars is altered by the coupling region; however, the coupling region has marginal effect on the drag and lateral force on the whole train under crosswind, and the lateral force on the train cars is more sensitive to couple multiple units compared to the other two force coefficients. It is also determined that the component of the coupling region increases the fluctuation of aerodynamic coefficients for each train car under crosswind. Affected by the coupling region, a positive pressure pulse was introduced in the alternating pressure produced by trains passing by each other in the open air, and the amplitude of the alternating pressure was decreased by the coupling region. The amplitude of the alternating pressure on the train or on the tunnel was significantly decreased by the coupling region of the train. This phenomenon did not alter the distribution law of pressure on the train and tunnel; moreover, the effect of the coupling region on trains passing by each other in the tunnel is stronger than that on a single train passing through the tunnel.     

新概念汽车模型风洞试验研究

用模型风洞对新概念车在不同横摆角下纵对称面上压力系数、整车气动力和气动力矩的变化以及纵对称面尾部流态分布进行了试验研究。通过和同等试验条件下典型汽车的气动性能对比,由于新概念车良好的外部流线,其气动性能明显优于典型汽车。     

Dynamic performance of high-speed train passing windbreak breach under unsteady crosswind

Field test and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method are conducted to investigate the safety of high-speed train under unsteady crosswind. Wheel–rail forces of high-speed train passing a breach between two windbreaks under strong crosswind are measured in a field test. The derailment coefficient of first wheelset of front car at the windward side reaches the allowable value. Meanwhile, the left and right of lateral wheel–rail force are in the opposite direction. This kind of phenomenon has not been tested before. Therefore, CFD and multi-body simulations are performed in order to study the phenomena. Good agreement is obtained between the simulation results and the experimental data. It is concluded that the sudden increase of transient aerodynamic loads, when the train passing the breach, is the root of this phenomenon; after running along the same direction as carbody and bogie run along the opposite direction during the high-speed train passing the windbreak breach; larger opposite longitudinal creeping forces of first wheelset compel the first wheelset to yaw toward the windward side; meanwhile, larger lateral wheel–rail forces compel the first wheelset to run toward the windward side rail; the left and right lateral wheel–rail forces become opposite because the right wheel impacts the windward side rail.     

高速行驶遭遇侧风的SUV汽车气动特性模拟研究

采用计算流体力学和合成风方法研究某SUV汽车高速行驶遭遇比较危险强度侧风下的外流场分布并得到气动力（矩）及系数。该方法使乘用车高速行驶遭遇危险侧风情况下气动特性预测成为可能。为深入研究高速行驶侧风作用下乘用车气动特性以及结合汽车操纵动力学对侧风稳定性进行动力学仿真提供了有利的参考。     

Effect of rear slant angle on vehicle crosswind stability simulation on a simplified car model

It is important to know the effect of the aerodynamic forces and moments on driving stability because it is responsible for the excitation and influences the response of the vehicle. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of rear slant angle of a surface vehicle on crosswind sensitivity for stability analysis. The vehicle mathematical model used to conduct a dynamic simulation was based on a simple reduced order lateral dynamics of sideslip and yaw rate motion coupled with aerodynamics model. The intention here is to compare the effect of rear slant angles response to crosswind and to rank the crosswind sensitivity ratings. The aerodynamic loads are defined as the function of the aerodynamic derivatives from the static wind tunnel tests. Result shows a 20° rear slant angle demonstrates the highest rating of crosswind sensitivity, while zero degree slant exhibits the least.     

Crosswind Sensitivity of Passenger Cars and the Influence of Chassis and Aerodynamic Properties on Driver Preferences

Results of vehicle crosswind research involving both full-scale driver-vehicle tests and associated analyses are presented. The paper focuses on experimental crosswind testing of several different vehicle configurations and a group of seven drivers. A test procedure, which utilized wind-generating fans arranged in alternating directions to provide a crosswind “gauntlet”, is introduced and described. Driver preferences for certain basic chassis and aerodynamic properties are demonstrated and linked to elementary system responses measured during the crosswind gauntlet tests. Based on these experimental findings and confirming analytical results, a two-stage vehicle design process is then recommended for predicting and analyzing the crosswind sensitivity of a particular vehicle or new design.     

全寿命成本分析法在侧风影响下桥梁行车安全决策中的应用

为了顺利进行桥梁行车安全决策,基于全寿命成本分析法的基本原理,采用计算社会成本的方法综合考虑公众安全和社会效益,对侧风影响下桥梁行车安全设计方案的全寿命成本内容进行分析研究,并提出计算其全寿命成本的思路。其中,社会成本的计算主要研究采取管理措施关闭大桥导致的运输成本增加和侧风导致的事故人员伤亡损失,并总结出其考虑资金时间效应的计算模型。最后,以某跨海大桥的行车安全决策问题为例进行示例研究,在研究得到的数据和假定参数的基础上计算出各安全决策方案的全寿命期业主成本和社会成本并进行比较研究,以说明全寿命成本分析法在桥梁行车安全决策中的应用。     

CFD在轿车造型设计上的应用

对某轿车进行了数值模拟,分析了扰流板对整车流场结构和尾流场涡系结构的影响,成功地模拟了气流分离和拖拽涡现象。车身后部的速度矢量图,较清楚地显示了轿车后部尾涡的形成及演变过程,揭示了尾涡特性对空气阻力的影响,研究结果对改进车型,减小尾涡,降低空气阻力有一定的指导作用。