Signal Detection Algorithm Design Based on Stochastic Resonance Technology Under Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio

In the current 4 th generation(4 G)communication network,the base station with the same frequency transmission makes a serious interference among adjacent cells,and information transmission is susceptible to interference such as channel multipath fading and occlusion effect.Detecting effectively spectrum signal under low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR.),directly affects the whole performance of the wireless communication network system.This paper designs an energy signal detection algorithm based on stochastic resonance technology which transforms noise's signal energy into useful signal energy,and improves output SNR.The energy signal detection algorithm realizes the function of providing effective detection of signal under low SNR,and promotes the performance of the whole communication system.     

一种新的循环谱统计量频谱感知算法

为了提高认知无线电中感知用户对授权用户（主用户）的检测概率,提出一种新的基于循环谱统计量的主用户信号检测算法．该算法利用循环谱离散频域平滑方法,对信号的循环谱在循环频率处建立合理的检测统计量,然后求解得到对应不同虚警概率的判决门限,以使感知用户能检测信噪比更低的授权用户信号．该算法具有检测结构简单,易实现的特点．仿真结果表明,在高斯白噪声信道中,虚警概率为0．1,频域平滑累积次数为255,在信噪比为-16dB的条件下,与Dandawate-Giannakis（DG）方法相比,本文算法的检测概率提高23％．     

线性调频连续波雷达信号匹配滤波

利用周期模糊函数分析了线性调频连续波信号的匹配滤波输出．用频域加权匹配处理可有效抑制距离耄瓣，提高多目标的分辨能力，但无法避免主瓣变宽，并使线性调频连续波信号的匹配滤波输出有信噪比损失．若采用汉宁加权，信噪比损失为3．52dB．     

Capacitance Sensing and Software-Realized Lock-in Amplifier for the Electromagnetically Levitated Micro Gyroscope

In the novel prototype of micro-gyroscope structure,the new configured capacitance sensing scheme for the micro gyroscope was analyzed and the virtual instrument based detection scheme was implemented.The digital lock-in amplifier was employed in the capacitance detection to restrain the noise interference.The capacitance analysis shows that 1 fF capacitance variation corresponds to 0.1 degree of the turn angle.The differential capacitance bridge and the charge integral amplifier were used as the front signal input interface.In the implementation of digital lock-in amplifier,a new routine which warranted the exactly matching of the reference phase to signal phase was proposed.The result of the experiment shows that digital lock-in amplifier can greatly eliminate the noise in the output signal.The non linearity of the turn angle output is 2.3% and the minimum resolution of turn angle is 0.04 degrees.The application of the software demodulation in the signal detection of micro-electro-mechanical-system(MEMS)device is a new attempt,and it shows the prospective for a high-performance application.     

最小方差控制中的最优输入信号设计

为研究最小方差控制中的最优输入信号设计问题,推导了最小方差控制器与闭环反馈结构中对象模型、噪声模型之间的关系.基于闭环反馈系统中频响函数估计的渐近分析,考虑系统对象模型、噪声模型和控制器三者之间的摄动性.分别采用输出端误差平方的均值、输入端误差平方的均值和输出端估计值平方的均值作为评价性能指标函数,推导三种情况下最优输...     

自适应线谱增强算法改进及其在轴频电场信号检测中的应用

在分析自适应线谱增强算法理论的基础上,对该算法进行了改进,即在增加相干累加算法的基础上,对几个输出误差进行加权处理,使得越接近当前时刻的误差其权值越大,从而使误差信息更接近于真实值．对实测数据和仿真数据的分析表明,在低信噪比情况下,文中算法能较好地检测到轴频电场信号的线谱,其性能要优于普通的自适应线谱增强算法．     

基于差分Poincaré映射的间歇混沌信号判别方法

针对混沌振子微弱信号检测中间歇混沌信号难以判别的问题,利用混沌系统的参数敏感特性,提出一种差分Poincaré映射判别方法,实现强噪声干扰下输出间歇混沌信号的判别．该方法选取周期激励幅值具有微小差异的两个混沌振子的Poincaré映射进行差值运算,利用周期状态下输出信号收敛,而混沌状态下输出信号分离的特点,降低了噪声对周期区域的影响,使可检测输入信号的信噪比达到了-87dB．实验表明,在时域或Poincaré映射已经无法进行分辨的情况下,该方法仍然实现了检测系统输出间歇混沌信号的有效判别．     

基于交叉感应回线的磁浮车辆连续测速定位方法

分析了交叉回线区域空间磁场分布, 利用磁通密度纵向分布周期性特征, 将车辆位移、速度用感应电压包络信号相位角与角速度来表征; 建立了采用简单交叉回线的车辆测速定位状态空间方程组, 将车辆运行位置和速度作为状态变量在测试过程中连续输出; 考虑实际运行工况下的复杂电磁环境, 引入了噪声自适应算法, 提出了基于新息自适应的磁浮车辆实时连续测速定位计算方法; 在实验室条件下建立了交叉感应回线标定系统, 验证了方法的基本原理; 为了验证方法的有效性和准确性, 进了数值仿真算例分析, 考虑正常噪声和突变噪声工况, 并对比了包含和不包含自适应噪声处理过程的计算结果。试验结果表明: 不同间隔距离条件下, 感应电压包络线都接近于正弦波, 1次谐波是包络信号的主要成分, 相同阶次的谐波幅值与间隔距离成近似线性关系, 与理论分析结果一致; 在正常噪声区段, 速度误差不超过0.03 m·s-1, 定位误差约为3 mm, 在突变噪声区段, 速度误差均值为0.027 m·s-1, 最大值为0.130 m·s-1, 定位误差均值为4.82 mm, 最大值为23.39 mm, 说明测速定位方法可以满足实际应用需求; 数值仿真中突变噪声区段的低信噪比信号在实际应用中是极端情况, 对比正常噪声区段和突变噪声区段的计算结果可知改善输入信号的信噪比可以明显提高测试精度。      

基于小波变换的高速列车表面脉动压力提取

高速列车表面压力测试过程中,为了克服微型压阻式气压传感器测试的脉动压力信噪比低的缺点,有效提取出脉动压力,建立了传感器输出模型;利用相关系数法确定分解层数,根据3原则计算分层阈值,提出一种小波变换阈值去噪方法.用该方法对CRH(China railway high-speed)某型动车组静态测试信号进行去噪处理;并进行200 km/h动车组表面压力测试信号脉动压力的提取,建立了脉动压力功率谱模型.研究结果表明:该方法能有效提取出列车表面脉动压力,测点处脉动压力的幅值在20 Pa范围内时刻波动,频率主要集中在0~200 Hz;建立的脉动压力功率谱模型为列车减振和降噪提供理论指导.      

Robust ergodic rate transmission for time division duplex beamforming systems

In time division duplex(TDD)beamforming systems,the base station estimates the channel state information(CSI)at transmitter based on uplink pilots and then uses it to generate the beamforming vector in the downlink transmission.Because of the constraints of the TDD frame structure and the uplink pilot overhead,there inevitably exists CSI delay and channel estimation error between CSI estimation and downlink transmission channel,which would degrade system ergodic rate.In this paper,we propose a robust ergodic rate transmission scheme,in which the uplink pilot time interval(UPTI)of an active user is adaptively adjusted according to the changing channel conditions such as Doppler frequency shift,uplink pilot signal to noise ratio(SNR),to minimize the impact of CSI delay and channel estimation error on the ergodic rate of TDD beamforming systems.In order to get the optimal UPTI,we first derive the average post-processing SNR for TDD beamforming systems with channel estimation error and CSI delay.We then obtain the optimal UPTI,which maximizes the average post-processing SNR,given the normalized pilot overhead(the number of pilot symbols per data symbol).The numerical simulation results validate that the the proposed robust ergodic rate transmission scheme not only maximizes the average post-processing SNR but also maximizes the system ergodic rate.Moreover,the scheme can adapt well to the changing channel environments compared with the current fixed UPTI scheme.Especially our research is valuable for the uplink sounding reference signal design in long term evolution advanced(LTEAdvanced)system.     

Pulsed eddy current signal denoising based on singular value decomposition

The noise as an undesired phenomenon often appears in the pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) signal, and it is difficult to recognize the character of the testing signal. One of the most common noises presented in the PECT signal is the Gaussian noise, since it is caused by the testing environment. A new denoising approach based on singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed in this paper to reduce the Gaussian noise of PECT signal. The approach first discusses the relationship between signal to noise ratio (SNR) and negentropy of PECT signal. Then the Hankel matrix of PECT signal is constructed for noise reduction, and the matrix is divided into noise subspace and signal subspace by a singular valve threshold. Based on the theory of negentropy, the optimal matrix dimension and threshold are chosen to improve the performance of denoising. The denoised signal Hankel matrix is reconstructed by the singular values of signal subspace, and the denoised signal is finally extracted from this matrix. Experiment is performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach, and the results indicate that the proposed approach can reduce the Gaussian noise of PECT signal more effectively compared with other existing approaches.     

基于简化差分相干积累的北斗B1频点信号精捕获算法

北斗卫星信号的捕获速度、灵敏度及精度将直接影响接收机的性能指标.本文提出了一种提高北斗导航卫星B1频点信号检测信噪比的精捕获算法,该算法基于简化差分相干积累（SDCI）的短时匹配滤波器（STMF）和快速傅里叶变换（FFT）运算（STMF-FFT）.为了保证在降低FFT运算量和提高信号检测概率的条件下,获得更精确的多普勒频率估计,采用逼近效果较好的切比雪夫线性最小二乘曲线拟合法得到多普勒频移的精确化估计值.理论分析和仿真验证表明：本文提出的SDCI算法比非相干积累算法获得的检测信噪比高约3.2 dB.     

Lattice reduction aided MMSE Tomlinson-Harashima precoding based on VBLAST algorithm for MIMO systems

A lattice reduction aided （LRA） minimum mean square error （MMSE） Tomlinson-Harashima precoding （THP） was proposed based on vertical Bell Labs layered space time （VBLAST） algorithm for multiple input multiple output （MIMO） systems. The extended channel was used to provide optimal tradeoff between residual interference and noise amplification. The processing based on lattice reduction method helps achieve maximal diversity order. The VBLAST algorithm was applied to get the optimal processing ordering for successive interference cancellation （SIC） at transmitter. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional THP and the LRA zero-forcing （ZF） THP with full diversity order.     

超声导波检测公路护栏立柱信号处理研究

由于超声导波多模态、易频散的特性,导致其在检测高速公路护栏立柱时会产生复杂的回 波信号,现有方法很难从中提取出有效的特征信号。为了解决该问题,首先提出了一种改进的子空间匹配追踪算法(ISMP)。它是将回波信号的先验信息在过完备Chirp 原子库上逐次迭代,得到 强相关原子集,然后对其再次进行迭代得到待匹配信号的最佳时频原子,从而实现对护栏立柱回波信号的特征提取。利用中心频率为128kHz和64kHz的检测信号进行实验验证,结果表明,ISMP可以有效提取出超声导波回波信号的特征原子,立柱检测长度与实际长度误差小于1%,满足工程检测要求。此外,还提出了一种基于离散傅里叶变换的相位检波算法,通过设置相位检测误差减少噪声带来的干扰。实验表明,在128kHz 和64kHz 检测信号下,可以得到设定相位的有用回波信息,满足工程检测要求。     

强干扰下无源雷达弱目标探测

当存在大型目标、近地机群或欺骗干扰时,无源雷达难以检测弱小目标.基于强信号与照射源发射信号之间的关系,导出了幅度-距离-多普勒曲面与照射源信号自模糊函数的关系,进而提出了在二维FIR(finiteimpulse response)系统辨识基础上抑制强回波以检测弱目标的方法.仿真结果表明,该方法对强信号的抑制超过60 dB;即使弱目标回波信噪比在-24 dB的情况下,也能实现弱目标检测.     

基于音频内容的DCT域脆弱水印算法

为了实现音频文件的完整性认证,提出了一种基于内容的脆弱水印算法.对于一维序列,改变其离散余弦变换(DCT)域交流系数不会改变该序列的幅值和.基于这一性质,在音频分帧后,再对每帧分组,计算每组采样点和的绝对值,相加后得到该帧的和,将其作为该帧音频的特征,量化后转换为二进制作为水印;然后,用量化索引调制方法,通过调整每组DCT域的低频系数嵌入水印.实验表明:该算法具有很好的不可感知性;得到的含水印音频的信噪比约为80 dB;算法对添加噪声、重量化、重采样、低通滤波、MP3压缩等操作具有很强的敏感性,并且能够确定替换等恶意篡改的位置.     

Neural Network Prediction Model for Ship Hydraulic Pressure Signal Under Wind Wave Background

The ship hydraulic pressure signal is one of the important characters for the target detection and recognition. At present, most of the researches on the detection focus on the ways in the time domain. The ways are usually invalid in the large wind wave background. In order to solve the problem efficiently, we present an effectual way to detect the ship using the ship hydraulic pressure signal. Firstly, the signature in the proposed method is decomposed by wavelet-transform technique and reconstructed at the low-frequency region. Then,a predictive model is set up by using the radial basis function(RBF) neural network. Finally, the signature predictive error is regarded as the testing signal which can be used to judge whether the target exists or does not.The practical result shows that the method can improve the signal to noise ratio(SNR) obviously.     

小波滤波器在弱信号检测中的应用及设计

根据小波变换的多尺度分解特性,构造了一种小波能量积累器,将不同分解尺度上的能量进行积累。在此基础上设计了一种用于弱信号检测的小波能量检测法,并对低信噪比信号的检测进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明,该检测法对低信噪比信号是比较有效的,而且与传统的脉内累加平均的信号检测方法相比,文中提出的信号检测方法具有一定的优越性。     

维格纳-威利分布算法研究及应用

介绍了一种利用FFT计算维格纳－威利（WVD）的算法。针对WVD二次时频分布数值计算的复杂性和计算量大的特点，提出了一种抽样算法。它在不改变采样频率的情况下，增加了处理数据的长度。在同样数据长度下，大大缩短计算时间。并用该算法对时变正弦信号和处理铁窗关闭声进行了时频联合分析，得到了满意的效果。     

基于小波变换的频谱检测算法分析

文章分析了认知无线电频谱检测中匹配滤波检测、能量检测、周期平稳过程特征检测的性能,指出了噪声对各自检测性能的影响,给出了一种基于小波变换的信号频谱检测算法,着重对含噪2FSK、2PSK信号进行分离仿真。仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地进行信号的成分分离,降低了噪声的频谱检测的影响。