5083铝合金T型接头焊接残余应力分布及超声冲击处理工艺研究

为了获得5083铝合金T型接头焊接残余应力分布和减少焊接残余拉应力,文中采用X射线衍射法对8 mm和4 mm两种T型接头进行残余应力测试,分析了不同的冲击强度对8 mm T型接头残余应力的影响,并采用优化后的冲击强度处理4 mm T型接头,结果表明:两种接头底板和腹板上的纵向残余应力在近缝区均为较大的拉应力,随着远离焊趾残余应力逐渐减小,最后趋于无应力状态;4 mm T型接头近缝区的残余应力小于8 mm T型接头.采用4.0 s/cm~2冲击强度处理8 mm T型接头焊缝,冲击效果较好,在焊趾产成的压缩应力相对均匀;4 mm T型接头焊缝冲击处理前,底板背面的纵向残余应力整体上呈"几"型分布,超声冲击处理焊缝和焊趾后,没有被冲击处理的底板背面的残余应力整体上变成"M"型分布,纵向残余应力的平均应力值由163MPa降低到58MPa.     

超声冲击处理改善焊接接头疲劳性能的数值研究

超声冲击处理(UIT)作为一种有效的焊后改善焊接接头疲劳性能的工艺措施,近年来在国内外船舶行业受到了广泛关注。为评价UIT技术对焊接接头疲劳强度的影响,提出一套新的数值分析方法,包括焊接数值模拟、超声冲击处理过程的弹塑性动态有限元分析,以及基于断裂力学的疲劳强度评估。在有限元模型中考虑了实际的工艺参数和超声促成的材料软化效应。以非承载十字焊接接头为研究对象,将预测的超声冲击处理前后的残余应力分布及疲劳强度与实验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。     

超声冲击处理对5083铝合金焊接接头残余应力的影响

为了分析5083铝合金焊接接头残余应力分布和减少铝合金焊接接头残余拉应力,采用超声冲击处理技术对焊接接头进行处理,使用X射线衍射仪测试焊接接头冲击前后表面的残余应力.结果表明:纵向残余应力在焊缝起点和终点附近趋于零应力状态,中间稳定区为较大的拉应力;在近焊缝中心两侧为较大的拉应力,远离焊缝的两端为较小的压应力.经过超声冲击处理后的焊接接头,冲击区域的残余应力由较大的拉应力转变为压应力,随着冲击强度的增加,冲击区域表面的压应力也逐渐增大,当冲击强度大于2.0 s/cm~2后,冲击产生的压应力值最终在220 MPa处波动;只冲击焊趾也可以降低焊趾和焊缝的残余应力,但与全覆盖冲击相比,焊缝的残余应力下降程度较小;随着抛光深度的增加,超声冲击引入的压应力逐渐减小,在抛光深度达到2 mm后,冲击后的焊缝残余应力和未冲击处理的残余应力保持一致.     

超声冲击处理对高强钢焊接接头残余应力影响的数值模拟

超声冲击处理(UIT)是一种有效的焊后改善焊接接头疲劳性能的工艺措施,其借助机械撞击和超声振动的共同作用,使焊趾表面产生塑性变形从而引入有益的压缩残余应力。为评价UIT技术对焊接接头残余应力的影响,该文提出了一套新的数值分析方法,包括焊接数值模拟及随后的超声冲击处理过程的动态弹塑性有限元分析。在有限元模型中考虑了实际的工艺参数和超声促成的材料软化效应。以船用高强钢AH36非承载十字焊接接头为研究对象,将预测的超声冲击处理前后的残余应力分布与实验结果进行对比,两者有较好的吻合。在此基础上,探讨了静态预载荷对超声冲击处理态残余应力再分布的影响。     

AH32钢T型焊接接头疲劳强度的试验与数值模拟

对AH32钢T型试件进行疲劳试验,并利用有限元软件对T型焊接接头的应力分布及疲劳寿命进行数值模拟,最终将疲劳试验结果与数值模拟结果对比分析。研究发现,T型焊接接头在焊趾附近处应力值最大,寿命最短。本文研究结果为今后船海结构物的疲劳寿命预测提供了有益参考。     

打磨处理改善焊缝疲劳性能的试验研究

由于高强度钢的使用，船舶结构许用应力水平的提高，船舶结构的疲劳强度越来越受到关注。船舶结构的疲劳寿命取决于其焊接结构的疲劳寿命。因此，了解焊缝几何参数对焊件疲劳强度的影响以及采用经济实用的方法改善船舶结构的疲劳性能是十分重要的。本文首先对焊缝几何参数对焊件疲劳寿命的影响进行了分析，在此基础上用ABS钢和945钢两种钢板做试件，分别进行了简单拉伸实验及打磨和未打磨条件下对接接头的疲劳试验。试验结果表明焊件的疲劳寿命可以通过打磨焊缝得到改善；尤其对于高强度钢焊件。试验还说明手工打磨焊缝和机械磨削焊缝对焊件疲劳强度的改善效果差别很大，疲劳寿命的分散性也很大。因此，应当对改善焊件疲劳寿命的工艺进行更详细的研究。     

高强钢焊接接头超声冲击效果对比试验研究

文章采用高强度钢对接焊试板,分别开展超声冲击前后残余应力变化和低周疲劳寿命的对比试验研究。试验结果表明:经过超声冲击处理后,焊缝区的残余应力从焊后的拉伸残余应力转化为压缩残余应力,焊接试样的低周疲劳寿命有显著提高,平均提高30%以上,试验验证了超声冲击技术在改善残余应力和提高疲劳寿命上的实用性和有效性。     

船用钢T型接头焊趾选择优化研究

针对船体焊接构件焊趾处应力集中影响船艇结构寿命的问题,利用有限元软件建立船艇重要区域中内龙骨的有限元模型,在约束和载荷相同的情况下,对比分析不同焊趾形式及尺寸T型接头的应力分布和疲劳寿命。研究表明,对于陆军船艇而言,平面形焊趾形式应力集中程度较小,焊后加工方便,适合船艇修理实际要求;焊脚尺寸为4~6 mm的平面形焊趾形式的T型接头疲劳寿命最大,在船艇T型构件焊接时焊脚尺寸应选用此范围内。     

喷丸对小型船舶钢板焊接接头的腐蚀和疲劳影响

为了研究喷丸处理对小型船舶用薄板电弧焊缝的腐蚀和疲劳性能的影响,选用强度等级分别为440 MPa和1500 MPa的船舶热轧钢板进行试验研究,经焊接试验之后,分别加工焊后状态的试样和焊后喷丸处理状态的试样,并进行腐蚀和疲劳试验.结果 表明:焊后不经喷丸处理的试样焊缝处的最大腐蚀深度约为1.1 mm,而经喷丸处理的试样焊缝处的最大腐蚀深度约为0.2 mm;经喷丸处理后440 MPa等级钢焊接接头的疲劳极限约为450MPa,相比未经喷丸处理的疲劳强度360 MPa提高约25％;经喷丸处理后1500 MPa等级钢焊接接头的疲劳极限约为500MPa,相比未经喷丸处理的焊接接头提高约40％.喷丸处理可有效消除焊缝夹渣,进而显著提升焊缝的抗腐蚀性能;喷丸处理能显著提升船舶钢板电弧焊缝的疲劳强度.采用喷丸处理有助于促进船舶轻量化和提高焊缝质量.     

DH36钢趾端焊接接头低温疲劳试验研究

常温S-N曲线无法满足极地低温环境下船海结构疲劳设计的需要,开展了-60℃条件下的船用DH36钢焊接接头低温疲劳强度试验研究。根据国标准设计DH36钢趾端焊接接头的疲劳标准试件,将试件放置在低温箱内采用热点应力方法进行疲劳热点应力测试,并与有限元计算结果进行对比分析,验证了试验测量的可靠性。试验共测量了两级应力范围水平,每级应力范围水平测量14个试件,基于测得的热点应力范围及疲劳寿命,利用单侧容限系数法得到了不同存活率下的p-S-N曲线,结果表明,低温条件下疲劳寿命符合对数正态分布,低温疲劳寿命高于常温疲劳寿命。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

正~~     

第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.