沉箱式防波堤动力计算中附加水质量的实验研究

对沉箱式防波堤动力计算中的一个重要动力参数———附加水质量的计算方法进行了模型实验研究,提出了通过动力模型实验确定附加水质量的方法。依据结构动力学理论,由无水情况和各种不同水深情况下沉箱动力特性的实验数据确定沉箱运动时的附加水质量;在对实验结果进行统计分析的基础上,建立了计算附加水质量的经验计算公式。最后通过数值模拟与实验结果的比较,对建立的经验公式进行了检验。     

三体滑行艇纵向运动稳定性的数值模拟

为了研究三体滑行艇在高航速下的纵向运动稳定性,利用重叠网格技术对三体滑行艇在失稳时产生的"海豚运动"现象进行CFD仿真。根据艇底的压力分布特征分析了发生"海豚运动"的机理;利用二分法制定了若干计算工况,得到静水航行时的稳定速度上限线和失稳速度下限线,实现了对纵向稳定性界限曲线的逼近。将数值计算结果与模型试验结果进行对比分析,计算值与实验值吻合较好,表明该数值方法具有较好的实用价值。     

基于重新建模法的滑行艇阻力数值计算

针对采用重叠网格法对滑行艇阻力数值计算时,采用不同子域的方式会增加网格数量,且在2套网格交接位置通过插值实现数据交换会引入额外的误差,从而导致计算精度和计算效率不高的问题,引入动态边界实现的网格方法,即重新建模法。借助计算流体动力学(CFD)软件STARCCM+,分别采用2种网格方法对一模型尺度滑行艇进行数值模拟,通过对试验结果进行对比和不确定度分析,对数值方法进行确认和验证。在此基础上,采用重叠网格方法和重新建模法对不同航速滑行艇进行绕流场数值模拟。并进行阻力和航态数值结果对比。结果表明,与重叠网格方法相比,重新建模方法的计算精度和计算效率均所有提高。     

Hybrid analytic-FEM approach for dynamic response analysis of air-cushion vehicle skirts

Focused on the assessment method for dynamic behavior of the skirts of an air cushion vehicle (ACV), this paper proposes a hybrid analytic-FEM approach, within which the self-developed subroutine considers the transient skirt-water contacting force through suggested semi-analytical formula based on the empirical results from CFD simulations of the equivalent flat-plate model. The dynamic explicit algorithm of FEM is adopted to solve the large deformation problem of flexible skirts. The validity of the approach has been confirmed by comparing with previous numerical results as well as published experimental results of steady seal deformation tests at University of Michigan. Afterward, more simulations for demonstration cases are carried out to study the complex dynamic response of the skirts under different skirt-water contacting conditions. The proposed method can obtain more reliable results than traditional analytical method and be more efficient than fluid-structure interaction simulations, thus providing a practical balanced approach aiming at the dynamic response analysis for whole skirts and contributing to the skirts dynamics performance assessment of an ACV.     

第二代完整稳性衡准直接评估方法研究

国际海事组织(IMO)船舶建造和设计委员会(SDC)4次会议把第二代完整稳性衡准直接评估方法提上议程,本文针对第二代完整稳性衡准的五种稳性失效模式——参数横摇、纯稳性丧失、骑浪/横甩、瘫船稳性和过度加速度,分别给出了直接评估的水动力原则性要求,然后针对这些水动力要求进行了分析,并给出了具体的数学模型.最后结合已有的计算结果对直接评估方法的可行性进行了分析,为二代稳性直接评估软件的开发和应用奠定了基础.     

Dynamic behavior of scaled tubular K-joints subjected to impact loads

This paper examines the dynamic behavior of the tubular K-joints in offshore platforms by means of experimental and numerical studies. The structural response is studied through Falling Weight Impact Tester(FWIT) with three different falling heights. A non-direct similitude method is developed and applied to the scaled K-joint models. The experimental results, including final deformed shapes and impact force responses, are reported to be useful for further benchmark studies. The finite element models are then developed by commercial software LS-DYNA, where nonlinear material properties are considered based on the corresponding tensile tests. Good correspondence between the numerical and experimental results is achieved, and relevant sensitivity analyses of numerical results are carried out to verify the reliability of the numerical models. Finally, the influence of the strain-rate definition and the reliability of the similarity are discussed. In general, the impact response in the present study is significantly dependent on the definition of dynamic material characteristics. The results obtained from Cowper-Symonds model with constants derived from the dynamic tensile test yield a good estimation when compared with the experimental results. Besides, scaled models tend to obtain un-conservative prediction results, and the developed non-direct similitude method is appropriate for the application.     

A stability analysis of tandem offloading systems at sea

In this article, we analyze the linear stability of tandem offloading systems in wind, current, and waves. The wind and current forces are evaluated with the help of published experimental data, while the hydrodynamic coefficients and wave drift forces are rigorously estimated by using a three-dimensional singularity distribution method based on potential theory. The bow hawser and mooring lines are described quasistatically by elastic catenary equations. In order to examine the linear static and dynamic stability of the system, the equations for surge, sway, and yaw are linearized. The effect of design parameters such as turret position, mooring stiffness, and hawser length and stiffness on stability is investigated based on linearized model. The stability analysis clarifies the mechanism of the limit cycle for tandem offloading systems, which is known as fishtailing motion. The theoretical results of the shape and amplitude of the limit cycle are found to be in good agreement with those of simulations and experiments.     

渡船螺旋桨水动力性能的数值预报

采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对某渡船螺旋桨的水动力性能进行数值预报.先用DTMB P5168桨验证数值模型和方法的准确性与可信性,数值计算其推力系数、力矩系数和敞水效率.整个计算域网格划分均采用全六面体形式,分别采用三种湍流模型进行计算.计算结果与实验的比较表明,SST模型和雷诺应力模型有近乎相同的计算精度,但SST模型的计算速度更快;推力系数误差最大5.8%,力矩系数误差最大为1.7%,敞水效率误差最大为4.3%.然后,将此方法运用到渡船螺旋桨,通过对渡船螺旋桨的网格灵敏度、尺度作用以及相关的流场分析,证明该方法能实现对螺旋桨敞水粘性流场的模拟,以及其敞水性能的预报.     

Reliability-based design of subsea light weight pipeline against lateral stability

The application of non-metallic light weight pipeline (LWP) in subsea oil/gas transmission system is subject to subsea pipeline on-bottom stability problem because of their light weight. Additional weight required for the stabilization of subsea LWP is a critical item to consider when decreasing the cost of the pipeline system. This paper presents an effective approach to determine the additional weight by utilizing a reliability-based assessment of subsea LWP against on-bottom stability. In the approach, a dynamic non-linear finite element model (FEM), including a model of fluids-pipe-soil interaction for the subsea pipeline, is used to study the pipeline displacement response. In-place analysis of a flexible pipe is presented as an example of the authors' methodology. Results show that displacements are largely affected with and without considering the lift force. Additionally, the uncertainties of all parameters used in the model are considered. With 145 cases of FEM calculations being the samples, a response surface model (RSM) is developed to predict the pipeline lateral displacement using the software Design-Expert. Combing with the RSM equation, the Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to estimate the probability of exceeding pipeline stability. To calculate the reliability of LWP for different submerged weights, the method introduces a calibrated factor into the serviceability limit state (SLS) function. The proposed approach can be used to determine the additional weight required for the on-bottom stability of subsea pipelines while considering the uncertainties of all relevant parameters.     

船舶撞击弧形防撞装置模型试验及数值模拟方法研究

文章采用船舶撞击防撞装置模型试验与数值模拟对比分析的方法,验证了拱型桥梁新型弧形防撞装置结构碰撞计算模型的准确性。试验中采集4000t级1:100自航船模撞击防撞装置比例模型的碰撞力、撞击点挠度、弧形两端支反力三者的历程曲线作为数值模拟对比的依据。碰撞计算模型应用了一种新的基于ABAQUS用户子程序模块开发的动浮态计算方法,以及新的基于最小二乘法的混合数值-试验阻尼系数识别方法。通过对比发现,计算结果各参数曲线峰值与模型试验结果相差15%左右,其中碰撞力峰值点误差在10%以内,挠度和支反力峰值点误差在15%以内,对比的误差大小也反映了整个碰撞模型的准确程度,该误差可考虑为结构设计中评价依据或安全系数。     

单点系泊海洋资料浮标的动力分析

本文在静力计算的基础上，应用三维势流理论数值计算程序计算浮标体的附加质量（矩）、阻尼系数和所受波浪力。采用美国数据浮标中心（NDBC）提出的分析方法，即将锚泊线动力方程线性化，并考虑到锚泊线与浮标体之间相互耦合的关系，在频率域中对单点系泊浮标进行了动力分析。文中还提出了当锚泊线中间有集中质量（悬挂重量或浮球）时相应的处理方法，因而不仅适用于简单的单点系泊浮标的动力分析，也适用于水平系泊浮标的动力分析。文中对三种典型的海洋资料浮标进行了考核计算，计算结果与试验结果比较有较好的一致性。     

Methodology for the simulation of a ship's damage stability and ultimate strength conditions following a collision

This paper presents a methodology called SHARC developed for the simulation and analysis of a ship's damage stability and ULS conditions following a collision. SHARC combines three types of methods: advanced nonlinear finite element simulations that simulate the collision scenario, a dynamic damage stability simulation tool called SIMCAP, and a modified Smith method for the ULS analysis of a collision-damaged ship structure. The novelty of the presented methodology is that it can be used for real-time simulations to study the ingress of water through the damage opening of a struck vessel and how it affects the ship's stability, structural integrity (ULS) and survival capability against, e.g., capsizing. The results for an intact and a damaged oil tanker under noncorroded and corroded structural conditions and various sea states are presented to demonstrate the features of SHARC.     

Numerical study on the dynamic response of a truncated ship-hull structure under asymmetrical slamming

Dynamic response of ship-hull structure under slamming has tracked widespread attention in the marine structural design. However, our understanding on the dynamic characteristics largely relies on the symmetrical slamming cases. This paper presented a preliminary numerical investigation on the dynamic response of a truncated ship-hull structure under asymmetrical slamming based on the uncoupled CFD-FE method. Asymmetrical slamming loads were predicted through combining the seakeeping analysis and CFD method. In there, three kinds of motions (vertical, horizontal and roll motions) of 2D ship sections were obtained through the seakeeping analysis and then the slamming pressure was predicted through simulating the water entry with various motions based on CFD method. The dynamic response was analyzed through finite element method. Numerical predictions including ship motions, slamming loads and dynamic analysis were validated against published experimental data and numerical calculations. The characteristics of asymmetrical slamming loads were analyzed showing obvious asymmetry in space, and the dynamic characteristic of the ship bow structure was further clarified through discussing the deformation and stress distribution. These results are useful for readers for better understanding the dynamic characteristics of the bow structure under slamming.     

船闸输水过程闸室船舶系缆力数值模拟

文章基于“船舶—水流”耦合动力响应,建立了船闸闸室船舶纵向和横向受力方程及其运动控制方程。利用 FLUENT 软件,采用 RNG k-ε三维紊流模型,运用 VOF 法捕捉自由液面,阀门的开启过程及船舶运动利用动网格技术,船舶的运动控制及系缆力的并行计算程序采用用户自定义函数（UDF）进行编写。针对带格栅消能室的船闸集中输水系统,进行了灌水过程的闸室船舶系缆力数值模拟研究,通过与模型试验系缆力过程线的比较,证明了数值方法的正确性和有效性。数值研究了消能室内有无设置辅助消能工情形下的闸室船舶系缆力,并分析了辅助消能工的功能和效果。     

基于浮式风机实验与数值分析的方法论与挑战研究综述（英文）

Due to the dissimilar scaling issues, the conventional experimental method of FOWTs can hardly be used directly to validate the full-scale global dynamic responses accurately. Therefore, it is of absolute necessity to find a more accurate, economic and efficient approach, which can be utilized to predict the full-scale global dynamic responses of FOWTs. In this paper, a literature review of experimental-numerical methodologies and challenges for FOWTs is made. Several key challenges in the conventional basin experiment issues are discussed, including scaling issues; coupling effects between aero-hydro and structural dynamic responses; blade pitch control strategies; experimental facilities and calibration methods. Several basin experiments, industrial projects and numerical codes are summarized to demonstrate the progress of hybrid experimental methods. Besides, time delay in hardware-in-the-loop challenges is concluded to emphasize their significant role in real-time hybrid approaches. It is of great use to comprehend these methodologies and challenges, which can help some future researchers to make a footstone for proposing a more efficient and functional hybrid basin experimental and numerical method.     

三维复杂弹性耦合冲击隔离系统建模研究

针对带弹性筏体和弹性基础的三维复杂弹性耦合冲击隔离系统,综合运用多体动力学理论、结构动力学理论、子结构方法、有限元方法,考虑系统刚体运动与弹性振动的耦合,建立了三维复杂弹性耦合冲击隔离系统的动力学模型;编写计算程序计算系统的固有频率,并与用ANSYS软件建模计算的固有频率和实验值进行比较,结果吻合得较好,通过试验工况下计算的机组加速度响应与实测结果的比较,验证了模型的正确性;最后计算分析系统在三向冲击激励下的动力学响应,为分析浮筏系统的冲击响应控制和参数优化奠定理论基础。     

考虑涡泄模式的低质量比圆柱涡激运动数值模拟

本文与经典实验进行对比,对二维圆柱在不同来流速度下的涡激运动进行研究。将运动系统简化为质量(m)-弹簧(k)-阻尼(ζ)系统,分析浮式圆柱运动的控制方程并通过4阶Runge-Kutta法求解运动微分方程,借助UDF编程嵌入到Fluent求解器中进行求解,结合动网格技术实现流固耦合,对比Jauvtis和Williamson的经典实验以验证数值模拟的可靠性,再现了SS,2S,2T和2P的涡泄模式。虽得到了与Jauvtis和Williamson物理模型实验相近的一些典型结果,没有做更进一-步的研究,但通过实验数据与数值模拟的对比,能够区别研究相同质量比下其他不同参数对涡激运动特性的影响。对m^*=1的浮式圆柱与低质量比圆柱m^*-2.6进行涡激运动数值模拟研究对比,发现不同约化速度下对运动频率、涡泄模型等涡激运动特性均有不同程度的影响。     

潜堤及透浪式建筑物的波浪数值模拟研究

在工程设计中会遇到大范围潜堤及透浪式建筑物条件下的泊稳问题,物理模型试验受场地限制难以实施。尚无有效的解决实际工程问题的平面二维数值模拟方法。文章以某港为例,采用断面物理模型试验和数学模型试验相结合的方法,将断面物理模型试验实测的透射系数作为数学模型的输入条件,通过在数学模型中设置虚拟潜堤的方法有效模拟了潜堤的透射和反射。该方法为解决潜堤及透浪式建筑物的越浪与透浪问题,提出了一种有效的数、物模相结合的数值模拟方法,为港口总平面设计提供了科学的研究依据。     

第二代完整稳性瘫船失效模式直接评估方法研究

国际海事组织(IMO)在第二代完整稳性规则的制定中,针对每一种失效模式提出了3层薄弱性衡准.目前,瘫船稳性失效模式薄弱性衡准已经完成了第1、2层次的内容,第3层次直接评估方案还未形成.本文基于IMO船舶设计与构造分委会第一次会议(SDC1)提出的第2层薄弱性衡准草案中关于瘫船稳性的相关内容,采用单自由度横摇运动数学模型,编制数值计算程序,模拟船舶在极端恶劣条件下风浪联合作用的横摇运动,计算给定暴露时间船舶倾覆概率.将计算结果与CEHIPAR2792标准模型试验结果进行对比,验证并分析数值方法的可行性,为确定该失效模式的直接评估方法提供参考.     

基于时间步长自适应技术的海上浮基风电平台绕流数值模拟分析

圆柱绕流问题对于研究海上浮基风电平台在波浪和海流作用下的动力特性以及开发深海风能具有重要的理论和工程应用价值,很多不可压缩流体力学数值模拟方法都基于圆柱绕流的实验或计算结果进行验证。基于自适应时间步长理论及小雷诺数（Re=100）情况下,采用有限体积法,借助FLUENT软件中的用户自定义（UDF）功能,通过二次开发在FLUENT中实现圆柱绕流的数值模拟,并对计算结果与先前的研究结果作了比较,依此来验证时间步长自适应技术和精细边界层网格设计的合理性。计算结果表明了该方法能有效获得准确的流体动力学参数并提高数值模拟计算精度,为该领域的深入研究提供依据。