电控4轮转向控制的结构原理

4轮转向具有转向灵活稳定等优点，可使汽车具有更好的转向控制能力，概述了电控4轮转向系统的转向特点及结构原理。     

汽车四轮转向系统

介绍了汽车四轮转向系统(4WS)的类型及其主要结构,说明了其工作原理,分析了其工作特性,阐述了其转向角比例控制系统的原理,并与前轮转向(2WS)汽车进行了比较.     

多轮转向汽车电液控制系统的研究与开发

对多轮转向汽车控制系统的组成和结构原理作简单介绍，详细阐述电液控制式多轮转向汽车控制系统硬件设计，并对控制目标和控制方法作了进一步探讨。     

比例控制四轮转向车辆运动特性分析

系统地分析了二自由度四轮转向汽车模型的运动方程，得出了质心侧偏角、横摆角速度与前轮转角的传递函数。在此基础上，对四轮转向样车进行了前后轮转角成比例控制的四轮转向车辆（4WS）的运动学仿真，并针对仿真结果进行了系统的分析。结果阐明了四轮转向车辆与前轮转向车辆（2WS）相比的优势，并提出其发展方向。     

四轮转向车辆多体仿真与试验研究

以四轮转向原理样车为对象,运用多体动力学理论对四轮转向车辆的转向特性进行了计算机仿真研究和试验验证。对建立整车多体模型的方法进行了论述。通过对仿真数据与样车试验结果的对比分析,证明了四轮转向多体模型各类参数和控制方法的正确性和适用性。最后利用建立的整车多体模型,仿真分析了前后悬架刚度对操纵稳定性的影响,以及制动转向时的转向响应特性。     

Bliss-Fox F350型飞机拖车转向系统的工作原理

大型工程机械车辆、民用航空特种车辆等大多装有较为复杂的车轮转向控制系统，如二轮转向、四轮转向、蟹行等。本文以Bliss—Fox F350飞机拖车为例，对复杂转向控制系统的工作原理进行分析。     

汽车转向机构的优化设计

本文对由梯形机构和麦弗逊独立悬架构成的汽车转向机构进行优化设计，所用模型是非线性的空间机构运动学模型，具有转向输入角、左转向轮的跳动和右转向轮的跳动三个输入自由度，在优化设计中计入两个权系数，分别考虑不同转向输入带来的误差的影响不同，以及认为转向不足和过度转向的影响也不同。     

四轮转向车辆两比例系数对操纵稳定性的影响

分析了四轮转向车辆两比例系数对操纵稳定性的影响。建立了四轮转向车辆操纵动力学模型，分析了两比例系数对四轮转向车辆稳定性的影响，得出了车辆横摆角速度和侧向加速度与前轮转角的传递函数，借助Matlab／Simulink，根据四轮转向车辆的两组参数进行仿真分析，并与传统前轮转向车辆进行了比较，结果表明四轮转向车辆两比例系数在操纵稳定性上有各自的优势。研究结果可为评价四轮转向车辆的系统设计和控制律提供理论依据。     

我的后轮会转变——未来汽车的驱动模式

PSS后轮随动转向或是4WS四轮转向都不是新名词，不过BMW借着新一代7系的发表发布了一套全主动的后轮转向系统，让我们见识了这套系统对大块头的帮助。放眼未来，Audi的RSQ概念车仿佛在暗示我们未来汽车驱动的方向……     

独立悬架车辆转向轮侧滑及其影响因素的试验研究

结合独立悬架车辆转向轮定位参数的特点,采用二元二次回归正交组合设计方法设计了试验方案,并对影响转向轮侧滑的轮胎胎压、载荷和车速等相关因素进行了试验研究。通过对试验数据进行回归处理,得到了侧滑量与转向轮定位参数间的定量映射关系,并对其进行了回归系数、回归方程的显著性检验和失拟检验。结合汽车动力学相关理论对试验研究结果进行了分析。     

4WS汽车操纵稳定性建模和仿真研究

从改善汽车操纵稳定性角度出发,全面考虑轮胎载荷、转向系等对四轮转向汽车操纵稳定性的影响,建立4WS（4 Wheel Steering System）整车操纵稳定模型。并用Matalab/simulink进行了模拟仿真研究。比较性地研究汽车在低速和高速时控制方式的特点和不同之处。本模型为4WS汽车设计改进优化提供一种手段和方法,同时,为4WS汽车理论研究和试验校核提供了参考。     

Automatic path-tracking controller of a four-wheel steering vehicle

The present paper proposes an automatic path-tracking controller of a four-wheel steering (4WS) vehicle based on the sliding mode control theory. The controller has an advantage in that the front- and rear-wheel steering can be decoupled at the front and rear control points, which are defined as centres of percussion with respect to the rear and front wheels, respectively. Numerical simulations using a 27-degree-of-freedom vehicle model demonstrated the following characteristics: (1) the automatic 4WS controller has a more stable and more precise path-tracking capability than the 2WS controller, and (2) the automatic 4WS controller has robust stability against system uncertainties such as cornering power perturbation, path radius fluctuation, and cross-wind disturbance.     

汽车四轮转向技术研究综述

作为线控转向技术的应用场景之一,四轮转向(4WS)技术能够改善车辆低速行驶的灵活性和中高速行驶的操纵稳定性。文章主要从4WS结构方案、控制策略和失效容错方案3个方面进行文献综述,分析当前汽车4WS技术中的主要研究方法和成果,为进一步研发安全可靠的四轮转向系统提供借鉴。     

Independent Suspension, Self Steered Axle, and 4WS for Busses

The dynamic behavior of commercial vehicles fitted with differentr types of suspension mechanisms and steering devices is investigated in this paper. Six vehicle models have been constructed: 2WS-SA is a standard two wheel steering bus with solid axles; 2WS-DW is a 2WSA vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in front and rear axles; SSA-SA is a 2WS system with solid axles, the rear one being mounted on a self steered mechanism; SSA-DW is a vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in the front axle, and a solid self steered rear axle; 4WS-SA has four wheel steering with solid axles; and 4WS-DW is a 4WS vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in front and rear axles. The dynamic response of these models has been assessed in terms of lateral acceleration, yaw velocity, tire forces, tire force reserves, and slip angles. The expected advantages of a 4WS system (higher acceleration rates and lower slip angles) will be corroborated but, at the same time, it will be shown that they are obtained at the cost of lower force reserves. Self steered mechanisms produce smaller body slip angles, but it will be shown that they give rise to larger yaw velocity overshootings. The particular independent suspension analyzed does not show significant improvements with respect to the solid axle counterpart.     

Design of Optimal Four-Wheel Steering System

Optimal design of the four wheel steering (4WS) system of the ground vehicle is studied. 4WS vehicles with the optimal control scheme are considered first. General formulation of the optimal control law is developed based on the linear quadratic regulator theory. The vehicle speed function (VSF) based 4WS vehicle with a simple feedback controller is considered as a special case of the optimal system. Two new designs of the VSF 4WS system are proposed and their performances are compared with the optimal 4WS systems and the existing VSF 4WS system. The first system is designed for the maximum stability while the second system is designed to emulate the response of the optimal 4WS vehicle. Advantages of the new VSF designs are discussed.     

Design of Optimal Four-Wheel Steering System

SUMMARY

Optimal design of the four wheel steering (4WS) system of the ground vehicle is studied. 4WS vehicles with the optimal control scheme are considered first. General formulation of the optimal control law is developed based on the linear quadratic regulator theory. The vehicle speed function (VSF) based 4WS vehicle with a simple feedback controller is considered as a special case of the optimal system. Two new designs of the VSF 4WS system are proposed and their performances are compared with the optimal 4WS systems and the existing VSF 4WS system. The first system is designed for the maximum stability while the second system is designed to emulate the response of the optimal 4WS vehicle. Advantages of the new VSF designs are discussed.     

A Review of Four-Wheel Steering Studies from the Viewpoint of Vehicle Dynamics and Control

As the four-wheel steering (4WS) system has great potentials, many researchers' attention was attracted to this technique and active research was made. As a result, passenger cars equipped with 4WS systems were put on the market a few years ago. This report tries to identify the essential elements of the 4WS technology in terms of vehicledynamics and control techniques. Based on the findings of this investigation, the report gives an outline and perspective of the research areas involved.     

A Review of Four-Wheel Steering Studies from the Viewpoint of Vehicle Dynamics and Control

SUMMARY

As the four-wheel steering (4WS) system has great potentials, many researchers' attention was attracted to this technique and active research was made. As a result, passenger cars equipped with 4WS systems were put on the market a few years ago. This report tries to identify the essential elements of the 4WS technology in terms of vehicledynamics and control techniques. Based on the findings of this investigation, the report gives an outline and perspective of the research areas involved.     

四轮转向汽车自适应模型跟踪控制研究

使用单点预瞄驾驶员模型，针对确定性汽车模型探讨了４ＷＳ汽车在单移线行驶过程中后轮的最优转向控制规律。通过引入状态反馈，改善了整车的转向特性，将实际汽车的前后轮胎侧刚度及外界干扰视为有界的不确定性参数，采用自适应模型跟踪变结构控制方法，使得不确定的实际汽车模型能够很好地跟踪确定的最优理论模型，仿真结果表明该方法的可行性，控制系统能够有效地克服参数摄动及外界干扰对系统稳定性的影响。