船用螺旋管换热器热工及水动力特性数值研究

为明晰船用螺旋管换热器内流体流动传热规律及其流致振动特性,提高运行效率及安全性能。本文建立船用螺旋管换热器三维模型,采用流固耦合方法进行换热器热工及水动力特性数值模拟,借助流致振动预测方法计算得到与流致振动密切相关的流体冲击能量变化特性。计算结果表明,螺旋管上、下游管间出现回流现象,极易导致杂质沉积;螺旋管上、下管壁对流传热系数小,管壁温度高,易诱发爆管现象;基于流体冲击能量变化特性,流体能量在螺旋管区域呈波峰值,且螺旋管侧管壁冲击能量高于上、下管壁,可以预测螺旋管侧管壁承受流致振动破坏较严重,实际试验数据验证了本文数值结果。     

Boussinesq方程数学模型的域内造波源函数研究

研究Boussinesq方程模型的域内造波源函数,理论推导该数学模型的源函数,证明其中的波速应使用能量速度,即群速度。域内生成正弦波和椭圆余弦波的数值试验结果证实了该结论。     

近底流速试验研究及随机相位分布

在明渠清水条件下,测量不同水深情况下近底流速瞬时分布,得知近底流速符合平稳随机过程。依据大量实测试验数据,利用傅立叶变换将时域内流速脉动信号转化到频域内进行谱分析,应用统计分析发现随机相位角服从正态分布,为近底流速谱的建立奠定基础。     

水声声管的壁厚和弹性对内部声场的影响

本文采用严格的弹性理论，研究了水声声管的内部声场的传播模式以及弹性和壁厚对内部声场的影响。研究结果表明，弹性管壁和刚性管壁在低频传播模式上存在着比较大的差异。最主要体现在存在弹性类波和准平面波模式。利用准平面波模式进行测量时，壁厚在一定范围内对测量结果影响并不很大。     

能量法估计全息面信噪比研究

在近场声全息技术中,全息面信噪比是一个非常重要的参数,但无法直接测量得到.为了解决该问题,给出了基于能量法的波数域内信噪比估值公式,并根据该公式分析估值误差的来源,指出全息面采样间隔对估值具有重要影响.为了判别估值是否准确,提出了选取全息面不同区域的数据进行重复估计的判别方法.当估值不准确时,指出可以通过减小全息面采样间隔来降低估值误差.仿真给出满足不同误差条件的不同采样间隔所对应的最大信噪比估值,可作为实际应用中的参考.     

能量法估计全息面信噪比研究

在近场声全息技术中,全息面信噪比是一个非常重要的参数,但无法直接测量得到。为了解决该问题,给出了基于能量法的波数域内信噪比估值公式,并根据该公式分析估值误差的来源,指出全息面采样间隔对估值具有重要影响。为了判别估值是否准确,提出了选取全息面不同区域的数据进行重复估计的判别方法。当估值不准确时,指出可以通过减小全息面采样间隔来降低估值误差。仿真给出满足不同误差条件的不同采样间隔所对应的最大信噪比估值,可作为实际应用中的参考。     

频谱仪在卫星通信系统中的应用研究

频谱分析仪广泛应用于微波技术领域,是在频域内对信号的电平、功率、频率等参数进行测量并显示的仪器。文章从频谱分析仪的原理出发探讨了其作为测试仪器在卫星通信中的应用。     

射频信号时间域反射法监测液位

为了动态监测槽罐中液体的液位，利用时间域内射频信号在液体和空气中的响应特性测试液体的液位．在测试过程中通过网络分析仪将射频信号输入到自行设计的测试探针上，测试其S11参数，得到信号在空气和水中的频率响应，并经傅立叶变换至时域内．探针周围介质变化会引起反射信号相应的变化，结合信号在介质中的传播速度确定液体的液位．实验结果表明，射频信号时间域反射法能够精确、动态地监测液体的液位变化．与其它测试方法相比精度高，能实现自动化测试，尤其适合多层液位的测量．     

太阳能船舶的能量控制测量研究

环境污染、能源短缺问题日益突出,对于新能源设备的开发的呼声越来越大。太阳能船舶是适应时代的要求,也是未来旅游船舶发展的趋势。太阳能船舶的能量控制对于船舶性能的发挥至关重要,本文设计一套以DSP为基础的电能测量系统,旨在实时准确的测量船舶中电能储量及损耗,从而为船舶的进一步能量调控做准备。     

能量脉动的概念及其测量

本文揭示了紊流的能量脉动的概念,并对其进行了测量,提出了对它的初步认识.     

Dynamic behavior of conveying-fluid pipes with variable wall thickness through circumferential and axial directions

In addition to the traditional hollow circular sections used in marine structures, other hollow sections have attracted the attention of architects and design engineers due to their mechanical characteristics such as torsional rigidity and local strength against impact loading. The purpose of this study is to investigate dynamic response of pipes conveying fluid with variable wall thickness through both circumferential and axial directions. Pipes with variable wall thickness have different flexural rigidities about two different principal axes. This property allows these pipes to be oriented efficiently, meet various design requirements and resist the applied loads. The results of this investigation provide a better insight into the physics and dynamic behavior of non-circular pipes conveying fluid. Two different geometries are studied, (i) the pipe is assumed with a general non-circular cross section with variable wall thickness along the circumferential direction, (ii) both inner and outer boundaries of the pipe cross section are assumed to be circles whereas the wall thickness of the pipe along axial direction is varied with a specified function. The governing differential equations of the problem are derived using Timoshenko beam theory with the effect of shear deformation included in the formulation. The discretization of the problem domain is done using the finite element method. Consequently, a modal analysis is employed to calculate the critical flow velocities of the pipe with clamped-clamped end conditions. The effects of different cross sections on the critical flow velocity are investigated. The importance of Coriolis forces on the presence of coupled-mode flutter and re-stabilization point are also discussed for different values of mass ratio.     

流固耦合作用下的注水管路流激振动噪声数值模拟

大压差工况下,船舶内部液舱自流注水时管路振动噪声问题突出。采用有限体积法离散大涡模拟的流体控制方程,计算分析典型工况下注水系统管内流场。考虑管内液体对管道结构振动的影响,计算注水管路的“湿模态”。以管路壁面流体压力脉动作为激励源,基于有限元法对流固耦合作用下管道结构的振动和流激振动辐射噪声进行数值模拟。对阀门上下游不同监测点的流激振动噪声频谱进行分析,探究管路流激振动噪声产生、传播和衰减规律。分析结果表明:注水系统管道结构流激振动噪声沿管道传播基本无衰减;流激振动噪声频带较宽,主频率为80 Hz;管道结构的流激振动噪声整体幅值较大,需要采取增加弹性管卡等措施进行治理。     

The impact of periodic axial loads on nonlinear dynamic instability behavior of Inconel 625 pipes

In various engineering fields like aerospace and aircraft structures or marine and offshore platforms, constitutive material of critical components should be made of specific materials that can work properly in the required workspace. Such materials must have excellent properties such as high mechanical strength as well as great resistance to corrosion, oxidation, and creep. Inconel 625 is a superalloy that is chosen as constitutive material of critical components due to its great abilities. On the other hand, since investigating Inconel 625 pipe has not been done yet, different mechanical characteristics of using structures made of Inconel 625 should be assessed. Additionally, doing so would be necessary to gather information for current industrial affairs and also future investigations. Therefore, the nonlinear dynamic instability response of axially loaded Inconel 625 pipes is investigated in the current article. The pipe structure is modeled via the Donnell shell theory and nonlinear von Kármán theory. The motion equations of pipes are established by applying the Hamiltonian approach. Then, in order to alter the nonlinear derived partial differential equations into the Mathieu-Hill equation, both Navier's solution and Airy stress function are implemented. Additionally, the amplitudes of steady-state oscillation of the Inconel 625 pipe are determined by employing Bolotin's method. Eventually, the impacts of various effective parameters on the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of Inconel 625 pipes are evaluated. The results indicate static and dynamic load factors possess a remarkable effect on instability exciting areas and steady-state vibration amplitudes of pipe. Moreover, the dynamic instability response of the pipe is dependent on the radius-to-thickness and length-to-radius ratios, and also how the ratios are affected depends on the wave number.     

The similitude research on underwater complex shell-structure based on SEA

In this paper, the vibration and sound radiation of the underwater complex shell-structure which is the cylindrical shell with hemi-spherical shell on the ends are studied by statistical energy analysis (SEA). The whole shell-structure is divided into the four subsystems, and the SEA physical model and power flow balance equations among these subsystems are established. The similitude relations of input power, coupling loss factor and modal density of the subsystems between the complex shell-structure and its scaled-down model are analyzed. According to the similitude theory and power flow balance equations, when the immerged shell-structures are excited, the similar relations of spatially averaged vibration response and underwater radiating sound power are established for the complex shell-structure and its scaled-down model.     

功率流理论、统计能量分析和能量有限元法之间的关联性

基于能量的方法由于可以克服传统结构动力学在分析高频问题的某些不足,因而在很多工程领域得到广惴河τ?本文全面回顾了功率流理论、统计能量分析、能量有限元法四十年以来的研究进展,以功率流理论为线索,将统计能量分析和能量有限元法进行了较全面的讨论,并将其归纳到基于能量的分析方法的理论框架内.最后,比较三种理论的基本原理,并指出它们在基于类似的能量平衡方程,输入和损耗功率表达形式上的关联性.而且还指出了它们在处理结构振动和声辐射问题上各自适用的频率范围.     

水锤冲击时管路系统流固耦合响应的特征线分析方法研究

本文以Wiggert 和Hatfield[3]的特征线分析方法为基础,研究管路在水锤冲击下考虑泊松耦合时流体和结构的瞬态响应.推导了分别对应于管中流体压缩波和管壁中纵波的特征关系式和相容方程,并联合采用空间插值和显式时间插值进行数值求解.针对经典的水锤压力冲击的算例,将边界和初始条件离散化,编制了MATLAB程序进行计算,获得管道中流体压力和流速及轴向应力和振动速度的时程曲线,计算结果与理论分析相当吻合.根据计算结果,提出了对于实际管路设计和水锤防护有益的结论.鉴于特征线法本身的优势,有望在管路系统抗冲击设计分析和防护研究中得到进一步的应用.     

考虑流固耦合的任意支撑和分支角度三通管阻抗计算方法

计算分析任意支撑和分支角度三通管轴向和横向声阻抗和机械阻抗,为管路系统噪声预报和声学优化提供支撑.首先建立直管段14方程流固耦合模型,利用拉氏变换并对方程进行推导,得到直管段14个参量频域解析解.然后结合分支点的平衡条件和边界条件,得到任意支撑和分支角度三通管的最终解,在此基础上,利用阻抗计算公式结合不同的参数解,求得三通管1个声阻抗和6个机械阻抗值.最后,通过试验验证计算方法正确性,同时对不同支撑和分支角度的三通管阻抗特性进行计算和分析.     

基于流固耦合的线性充液卡箍管路振动研究

充液管路液压系统广泛应用于舰船、车床、制冷等大型运输系统上,由于管子的振动效果是充液流动情况所致,对其研究需要借助于流固耦合理论。本文针对线性充液管路,在有限元理论的基础上建立振动的流固耦合模型,研究对称布局限制下的管路振动模态及 Von Misses 应力分布情况,重点分析充液管路长度对压力波动的影响。结果表明：卡箍设置处能够明显减弱振幅,越远离卡箍设置处振动效果越明显,共振情况随着振动频率的增加明显得到加强;应力最大点只要布局在管子内部。压力变化是液压作用的宏观表现,波动的曲线反应出充液过程是一个复杂的作用过程,尽量选择布置长度较短的充液管路。     

挠性接管对管壁弯曲振动的隔离性能分析

采用分析软件ANSYS就理想情况下袖套式挠性接管在不同的边界条件和布置情况下，对管路中沿管壁传播的弯曲振动的隔离性能分析表明，挠性接管在大部分频段上能有效的隔离弯曲振动，但也有可能使振动放大，这与其边界条件和布置情况密切相关，由此对挠性接管的布置安装提出建议.     

圆柱壳结构输入功率流主动控制研究

利用导纳函数表示圆柱壳体在激励力与控制力同时作用下的响应,将输入壳体的总功率流表示为哈密顿二次型函数的形式,并以此为目标函数对壳体振动进行主动控制研究.另外,在目标函数中添加控制力幅值二次项以便用较小的控制力取得较为理想的控制效果.利用前馈二次型最优控制理论得到最优控制力并讨论了几个重要参数对控制效果的影响.