后轮轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的液压复合制动系统匹配方法

根据某电动汽车的总体设计要求,提出了该类型电动汽车的液压复合制动系统前、后制动力分配和匹配原则,分析了后轮轮毂电机特性对液压复合制动系统设计的影响.以满足理想制动力分配为目标,利用非线性最小二乘法优化方法对该液压复合制动系统前、后制动力分配和匹配进行了优化设计,并在不同循环工况、整车质量及电机外特性情况下评估了优化结果.     

某微型客车制动力分配优化设计

提出了M1类车辆空、满载制动力分配系数的计算公式.以理想制动力分配曲线与实际应用的两段不同斜率制动力分配线之间面积最小为优化目标,同时保证满载状况时的制动效率不小于75%,优化设计了某微型客车变比值的制动力分配曲线.考虑制动器推出压耗,建立了各轴制动力与管路液压的转化公式,由优化后的变比值制动力分配线确定了液压比例阀的特性曲线.对制动力分配曲线优化前、后的微型客车制动距离进行的对比计算表明,优化后的微型客车制动距离明显减小.     

装有制动力调节装置的汽车的同步附着系数的优化设计

介绍了同步附着系数对汽车制动力分配特性的影响。以提高制动效能和制动稳定性为目标,并参照EEC法规,给出了装有制动力调节装置的汽车的同步附着系数优化设计方法。以BJ121型汽车为例,对同步附着系数进行了优化设计。     

复合制动系统制动力分配算法研究

针对电机液压复合制动系统的制动力分配问题,设计不同分配方法以满足相应的需求,针对各种分配方法提出了合理的制动力分配算法.同时基于Matlab/Simulink平台,建立了制动力分配模型对分配算法进行仿真,验证了分配算法的合理性.     

复合制动系统制动力分配算法研究

针对电机液压复合制动系统的制动力分配问题，设计不同分配方法以满足相应的需求，针对各种分配方法提出了合理的制动力分配算法。同时基于Matlab／Simulink平台。建立了制动力分配模型对分配算法进行仿真，验证了分配算法的合理性。     

基于路面附着系数的制动力利用率评价法

为了考察在各种附着系数的路面上汽车的制动性能,分析了理想汽车前、后车轮制动力分配曲线与前、后制动器制动力分配曲线之间的匹配关系.引入能够反映制动性能的概念“制动力利用率”作为评价方法,根据不同的匹配关系导出对应的制动力利用率算法.针对某轻型客车,详细地分析了其在不同附着系数路面上的制动性能.同时改变制动器制动力分配系数,分析不同匹配关系下汽车的制动性能.结果表明:随着路面附着系数的增加,制动力利用率呈现先增后减的趋势;随着制动器制动力分配系数的增大,汽车在低附着系数路面的制动力利用率降低,在高附着系数路面的制动力利用率升高;制动力利用率评价法能够有效地评价汽车在不同附着系数路面上的制动性能.     

某车型制动力分配系数的设计与计算

制动力分配系数的设计是整车制动系统设计的主要内容。文章以某车型为例,对制动过程的受力进行分析,参照ECE法规,利用Matlab软件取得最优制动力分配系数,以及整车在该分配系数下,在不同附着路面上直线制动时制动过程的分析。     

基于安全特性电子液压制动前后轴制动力分配改进方法EI北大核心CSCD

为提高电子液压制动安全性能,本文中对前后轴制动力分配方法进行了改进。首先研究ECE R13制动法规对汽车前后轴制动力分配的影响,然后对电子液压制动安全特性进行分析,得到如下结论:电子液压制动中电机泵的作用频次与制动需液量成正比;输出相同的制动力矩的情况下,单独使用后轮制动器比单独使用前轮制动器需要更少的制动液体积;在低于某一制动强度时,共同使用前后轴制动器时制动需液量大于单独使用前轴制动器;利用单侧车轮的进/出液阀控制左右两侧车轮制动器实施制动,可以降低高速电磁阀的使用频次。最后基于上述结论提出了基于安全特性的电子液压制动的前后轴制动力分配改进方法,并进行NYCC循环工况的仿真。结果表明,与理想制动力分配方法相比,采用所提出的改进方法,电机泵和前轴进/出液阀的作用频次约降低50%,而后轴进/出液阀的使用频次降低90%。     

FSC赛车制动系统设计

本文提出了一套适用于FSC赛车制动系统的设计方法。选用简单液压盘式制动系统，并且加装平衡杆以调节制动器制动力分配系数。计算和分析表明，该制动系统能够满足比赛时动态测试的要求。     

汽车液压感载比例阀

感载比例阀能改变前后制动器制动力的比值,使汽车制动时方向稳定并有足够的制动减速度、文章介绍了汽车液压感载比例阀的原理、输入压力和输出压力的比例关系,阐述了变比值制动力分配汽车的利用附着系数和路面附着系数利用率的计算方法,表明虽然该方法比固定比值制动力分配汽车的计算分析方法复杂,但利用该计算方法得到的带比例阀汽车的利用附着系数完全满足M1类车辆的制动法规的要求,并且利用附着系数和制动强度之间的关系曲线与路面附着系数利用率曲线完全吻合,指出使用该计算方法匹配感载比例阀完全正确。     

客车制动力调节分析与优化建模设计

根据对汽车制动过程的受力分析,建立理想制动力I曲线,初步确定前后轴制动力分配比,据ECE制动法规优化建模后,最终确定最佳制动力分配比,进而选定制动阀。     

摩擦材料摩擦特性对轿车前,后制动力之比的影响

本研究了摩擦材料摩擦特性对轿车（盘式），后（鼓式）制动器制动力之比的影响。根据对前，后制动器部总成大量的测功器试结果，计算并绘出前，后制动之比值随制动管路压力，车速，制动温度的变化关系曲线，并与设计作了对比分析，讨论了它对轿车制动稳定性的影响，为制动性能计算，制动器设计和制动衬片摩擦材料的选配提供依据和参考，从而保证了轿车的制动稳定性。     

Feedback brake distribution control for minimum pitch

The distribution of brake forces between front and rear axles of a vehicle is typically specified such that the same level of brake force coefficient is imposed at both front and rear wheels. This condition is known as ‘ideal’ distribution and it is required to deliver the maximum vehicle deceleration and minimum braking distance. For subcritical braking conditions, the deceleration demand may be delivered by different distributions between front and rear braking forces. In this research we show how to obtain the optimal distribution which minimises the pitch angle of a vehicle and hence enhances driver subjective feel during braking. A vehicle model including suspension geometry features is adopted. The problem of the minimum pitch brake distribution for a varying deceleration level demand is solved by means of a model predictive control (MPC) technique. To address the problem of the undesirable pitch rebound caused by a full-stop of the vehicle, a second controller is designed and implemented independently from the braking distribution in use. An extended Kalman filter is designed for state estimation and implemented in a high fidelity environment together with the MPC strategy. The proposed solution is compared with the reference ‘ideal’ distribution as well as another previous feed-forward solution.     

板簧变形与制动振跳分析

操纵稳定性是汽车重要性能,车桥摆振严重恶化汽车操纵稳定性,制动振跳是车桥摆振的表现形式之一。文章通过理论与试验相结合的方式探索制动振跳的诱发因素,对可能影响制动振跳的悬架布置形式、铜板弹簧刚度、前后轴制动力及其分配、前后轮抱死时间差、前桥下沉量、悬架系统阻尼等因素进行全面分析,简述了其对制动振跳的影响。然后根据装配工艺性、行驶平顺性等约束条件进行综合考虑,得出解决问题的方案。     

Improvement of Vehicle Dynamics by Rear Braking Force Control

A study on effective use of rear braking force to improve a brake performance and vehicle dynamics are carried out. On a ordinary condition, the rear braking force could be more increased to a conventional braking force distribution. Based on this thought, the brake performances are estimated. The results show the effects not only improve the brake performance but also reduce a pitching at braking and moderate a vehicle OS behavior in a turn during braking. These are verified by experimental test vehicle equipped with a rear braking force control system.     

Improvement of Vehicle Dynamics by Rear Braking Force Control

SUMMARY

A study on effective use of rear braking force to improve a brake performance and vehicle dynamics are carried out. On a ordinary condition, the rear braking force could be more increased to a conventional braking force distribution. Based on this thought, the brake performances are estimated. The results show the effects not only improve the brake performance but also reduce a pitching at braking and moderate a vehicle OS behavior in a turn during braking. These are verified by experimental test vehicle equipped with a rear braking force control system.     

新型汽车液压增力制动控制器

为了提高汽车制动效率开发一种汽车液压增力制动控制器（HBI）.它主要由增压缸等组成,串联于汽车制动主缸与前制动轮缸之间,将制动主缸输出压力制动液增压,送往前制动轮缸.同时还将压力制动液直接送往后制动轮缸,实现汽车增压制动,其制动效率高于现有减压分配阀组成的制动系统效率10%以上.对具有HBI系统的制动性能检测表明,HBI可用于多种车型的制动系统中,制动踏板力明显下降100 N左右,制动稳定性明显提高.     

Co-operative control for regenerative braking and friction braking to increase energy recovery without wheel lock

This paper presents a regenerative braking co-operative control algorithm to increase energy recovery without wheel lock. Considering the magnitude of the braking force available between the tire and road surface, the control algorithm was designed for the regenerative braking force at the front wheel and friction braking force at the rear wheel to be increased following the friction coefficient line. The performance of the proposed regenerative braking co-operative control algorithm was evaluated by the hardware in the loop simulation (HILS) with an electronic wedge brake on its front wheels and an electronic mechanical brake on its rear wheels. The HILS results showed that a proper braking force on the front and rear wheels on a low μ road prevented the lock of the front wheels that was connected to the motor, and maintained the regenerative braking and increased energy recovery.     

Effect of the front and rear weight distribution ratio of a Formula car during maximum-speed cornering on a circuit

Because Formula cars are lighter than ordinary cars, the optimal settings for this type of car are thought to be different from those of a ordinary car. The front and rear weight distribution ratio of a vehicle is an important parameter that exerts a significant influence on critical cornering. The tendency of a ordinary car to under-steer during critical cornering is determined by the front and rear weight distribution ratio of the vehicle. Specifically, when the front of an ordinary FR (front-engine, rear wheel drive) vehicle is slightly heavier than the rear, the car tends to understeer during critical cornering. However, the optimal weight distribution ratio for critical cornering is not obvious for a formula car because of its lightness. This observation was investigated using a driving course similar to a real driving course to perform a maximum speed cornering simulations. It was found that a front to rear weight distribution ratio of 40:60 resulted in the fastest lap time. This ratio also gave the best results in the maximum-speed driving experiment performed using a driving simulator. Moreover, the maximum lateral acceleration during turning, the driving force, and the load movement of the inside and outside wheels was calculated using experimental driving force data and the concept of a tire friction circle. As a result, driving mechanics have been determined for a vehicle having a front/rear weight distribution ratio of 40:60 while traveling at maximum speed.