“天津港深水航道建设综合技术研究”成果通过专家鉴定

2011年12月20日,天津市科学技术评价中心组织有关专家对天津港(集团)有限公司、中交第一航务工程勘察设计院有限公司、交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所、天津大学等单位联合承担的"天津港深水航道建设综合技术研究"项目进行了成果鉴定。该项目由3个专题组成,我公司承担其中的"专题1:天津港深水航道合理边坡技术研究"和"专题3:天津港航道通过能力研究"。该项目建立了适合天津港海域波浪条件的三维潮流和泥沙淤积计算公式,     

天津港冰情分析及破冰对策

2000年冬季，天津港发生了自1969年以来最为严重的一次冰情。这次冰情给天津港船舶靠泊、航行带来很大困难。蛤天津港的生产来了一定影响。认真分析天津港的冰情及破冰对策，对保障港口在冰情期间的安全生产是具有十分重要意义的。     

基于人工神经网络的胶州湾浮游植物生物量模拟

文章首先介绍了BP网络数据标准化、隐层神经元选择、网络训练和有效性检验方法。以2003年胶州湾环境监测资料为基础,建立了多输入单输出的3层BP人工神经网络模型,采用8个水环境因子预测浮游植物生物量(Chla浓度)。检测集样本网络预测值与观测值的相关系数为0.8943,平均绝对误差为11.33%。为避免个别网络输入初值对输出的干扰,采取全局灵敏度的方法,分析了各水环境因子变化对浮游植物生物量的相对影响。结果表明,浮游植物生物量对各水环境因子变化响应的敏感系数顺序为DOCODPO4-PSSTpHOilDINSiO3-Si。     

天津港环保疏浚的探索与研究

结合天津港水深维护疏浚的实际情况,对各类型挖泥船施工时悬浮物扩散对四周海域的影响进行了研究分析,提出了在天津港采用环保疏浚技术的新观点。     

天津临港产业区潮流模拟与方通物流码头通航本质安全分析

采用目前国际上广为应用的delft3d软件技术,建立了天津港临港产业区潮流二维数学模型。模型建成后,首先通过实测潮流、潮位资料,对模型进行率定。在计算成果与实测资料达到相似要求后,对模拟海域潮流分布情况进行分析。然后对天津港临港产业区近期相关工程竣工后工况进行研究,给出了工程区海域及工程近区潮流详细特征,最后对天津方通集团临港产业区物流码头工程进行了通航本质安全评价。     

天津港30万吨级航道建成后港区泥沙回淤分析

天津港是我国最大的人工港,近年来在港口深水化战略的实施下,航道等级已经提升到30万t级,通过实测资料和室内试验结果,对天津港海域的水文泥沙环境以及泥沙的水力特性进行了分析,同时利用实测水深图和数学模型计算,综合分析天津港30万t级航道建成后港区淤积强度以及分布规律,以期为天津港年度维护疏浚计划的制定提供依据。     

冬季庙岛群岛南部海域浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

2013年2月对庙岛群岛南部海域浮游植物群落及环境因子进行了采样调查,并利用PRIMER v6软件包中包含的一系列多元统计程序进行分析。结果表明,此次调查共采集到浮游植物82种,其中硅藻64种,是研究区域浮游植物的主要类群。研究海域根据水环境梯度可划分为5组,组Ⅰ为高温高盐组,组Ⅱ为高p H高营养盐组,组Ⅲ为低营养盐组,组Ⅳ为高磷酸盐和硅酸盐组,组Ⅴ为高p H高无机碳组。依据丰度进行了CLUSTER聚类和MDS标序图分析,结果可将研究站位划分为6个群落组。BIOENV分析结果表明,p H、盐度(Sal)和溶解有机碳(DTOC)组合可以最好地解释本次调查的浮游植物群落结构。     

渤海湾外来浮游植物种及其生态风险评估

通过调研、统计和分析渤海湾外来浮游植物,构建评价模型对其生态风险进行评估。渤海湾共发现5种外来浮游植物,除了威氏圆筛藻外,其他4种均为世界广布性赤潮种类。利用层次分析法评价渤海湾外来浮游植物的入侵生态风险,结果表明,渤海湾的5种外来浮游植物种的生态风险值位于中等风险到高风险区间,其中,多甲藻、球形棕囊藻和威氏圆筛藻的生态风险属于高风险,需要加强监控。     

天津港海区海域使用及管理

天津港是中国最大的人工港,港区大部分陆域由人工围海造陆形成,港区水域由海河下游39.5kmn河段和新港港区海域两部分组成,其中,新港港区包括现南北防波堤环抱的港池、调头区和航道区域,防波堤外主航道与习惯航路区域,现大沽锚地与拟辟深水外港、锚地区域以及抛泥A、B、C区和港口周边规划发展所需海域等.这些在1987年由交通部和市政府联合批准的<天津港总体布局规划>和2001年3月由市政府批准的<天津市海洋功能区划>均有相应规定与说明,并明确为用于港口功能的海域.     

天津港引航中心提升引船尺度

为配合天津港实现今年的生产目标，天津港引航中心针对天津港海域实际和引航专业人员级别比例不均衡的状况，提升引船尺度，优化人力结构，确保安全和生产实现双赢。     

Distribution of phytoplankton in the southern Black Sea in summer 1996, spring and autumn 1998

The species composition, abundance, and biomass of micro- (>15 μm) and nano- (<15 μm) phytoplankton were studied along the southern Black Sea during June–July 1996 and March–April and September 1998. A total of 150 species were identified, 50% of them being dinoflagellates. The average total phytoplankton abundance changed from 77×10³ cells l⁻¹ in spring to 110×10³ cells l⁻¹ in autumn and biomass from 250 μg l⁻¹ in summer to 1370 μg l⁻¹ in spring. Based on the extensive sampling grid from June–July 1996, phytoplankton seemed to have a rather homogeneous biomass distribution in the southern Black Sea. In all periods, the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi was the most abundant species, its contribution to the total abundance ranging from 73% in autumn to 43% in spring. However, in terms of biomass, diatoms made up the bulk of phytoplankton in spring (97%, majority being Proboscia alata) and autumn (73%, majority being Pseudosolenia calcar-avis), and dinoflagellates in summer (74%, Gymnodinium sp.). There was a remarkable similarity in the dominant species between the western and eastern regions of the southern Black Sea, indicating transport of phytoplankton within the basin.     

100-years-changes in the phytoplankton community of Kiel Bight (Baltic Sea)

Literature data from 1905/06, 1912/13 and 1949/50 were compared with recent data (2001–2003) from Kiel Bight in order to investigate changes in phytoplankton composition and biomass, which may serve as indicators of environmental changes. In terms of biomass, diatomophyceae and dinophyceae are by far the most important groups. Their ratio is still close to unity. The share of diatomophyceae increased strongly in years with exceptionally high summer blooms (2001) or exceptionally early spring blooms (2003). The summer and autumn blooms of Chaetoceros and Skeletonema, detected in the early 20th century, are replaced by other diatoms (Cerataulina pelagica, Dactyliosolen fragilissimus, Proboscia alata, Pseudo-nitzschia spp.). Chaetoceros and Skeletonema are still important components of the spring blooms. Now as before, the autumn blooms are dominated by Ceratium spp., sometimes also by diatoms. Newly appearing bloom-forming species are mostly potentially toxic (Dictyocha speculum, Prorocentrum minimum, Pseudo-nitzschia spp.). The total phytoplankton biomass has roughly doubled in the course of the last century. The reference condition for phytoplankton biomass in Kiel Bight in the sense of the Water Framework Directive was defined at 55 mg C m^− 3 (± 10%, annual mean). The mean annual biomass of diatomophyceae and dinophyceae was 25 mg C m^− 3 (± 40%) for each, indicating that the sum of their carbon biomass amounted to 90% (± 10%) of the total phytoplankton biomass on an annual average. Diatomophyceae represented at least 80% of carbon biomass in the spring bloom peak at the beginning of the 20th century.     

Seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological processes during 1994–2001 in the Sea of Japan/East Sea: A three-dimensional physical–biogeochemical modeling study

A Pacific basin-wide physical–biogeochemical model has been used to investigate the seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological fields with analyses focusing on the Sea of Japan/East Sea (JES). The physical model is based on the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), and the biogeochemical model is based on the Carbon, Si(OH)₄, Nitrogen Ecosystem (CoSiNE) model. The coupled ROMS–CoSiNE model is forced with the daily air–sea fluxes derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for the period of 1994 to 2001, and the model results are used to evaluate climate impact on nutrient transport in Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) and phytoplankton spring bloom dynamics in the JES.The model reproduces several key features of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface currents, which are consistent with the previous modeling and observational results in the JES. The calculated volume transports through the three major straits show that the Korea Strait (KS) dominates the inflow to the JES with 2.46 Sv annually, and the Tsugaru Strait (TS) and the Soya Strait (SS) are major outflows with 1.85 Sv and 0.64 Sv, respectively. Domain-averaged phytoplankton biomass in the JES reaches its spring peak 1.8 mmol N m^− 3 in May and shows a relatively weak autumn increase in November. Strong summer stratification and intense consumption of nitrate by phytoplankton during the spring result in very low nitrate concentration at the upper layer, which limits phytoplankton growth in the JES during the summer. On the other hand, the higher grazer abundance likely contributes to the strong suppression of phytoplankton biomass after the spring bloom in the JES. The model results show strong interannual variability of SST, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass with sudden changes in 1998, which correspond to large-scale changes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Regional comparisons of interannual variations in springtime were made for the southern and northern JES. Variations of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass related to the PDO warm/cold phase changes were detected in both the southern and northern JES, and there were regional differences with respect to the mechanisms and timing. During the warm PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD increased in the south and decreased in the north in winter. Conversely, during the cold PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD decreased in the south and increased in the north. Wind divergence/convergence likely drives the differences in the southern and northern regions when northerly and northwesterly monsoon dominates in winter in the JES. Subjected to the nutrient change, the growth of phytoplankton biomass appears to be limited neither by nutrient nor by light consistently both in the southern and northern regions. Namely, the JES is at the transition zone of the lower trophic-level ecosystem between light-limited and nutrient-limited zones.     

天津港工程泥沙研究及其进展

总结分析了天津港不同建设时期在工程泥沙治理方面的研究成果。根据长期实测水文、泥沙等资料,采用原观分析、物理模型、数学模型、水槽实验、中子示踪、遥感分析等多种手段对天津港进行了长期的跟踪式试验研究,弄清了天津港区的泥沙来源;泥沙的运动形态;港内及航道的淤积分布规律,并提出了一系列的计算公式。     

沉管浮运阻力系数的影响因子与取值分析研究

为解决沉管拖航和静态系泊施工中水流阻力系数取值的技术难题,结合实际的施工工况和作业环境,通过调研国内外大型沉管浮运阻力系数的取值,采用数值计算和物理模型试验的方法对沉管模型分别在静止和浮运状态时的阻力系数进行分析,并进一步探究了浮运阻力系数的影响因子,得出了适用于沉管静态锚泊和浮运时的水流阻力,通过实测验证了数据的正确性。     

Plankton distribution and the impact of copepod grazing on primary production in Fram Strait, Greenland Sea

Two hydrobiological transects across the East Greenland Shelf and the open waters of Fram Strait in summer were chosen to illustrate the distribution and production of phyto- and zooplankton in relation to water masses and ice cover. The parameters used were temperature and salinity, inorganic nutrients, chlorophyll a, primary production, phytoplankton species composition, abundance of the dominant herbivorous copepods Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, C. hyperboreus, Metridia longa and egg production of C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis. Grazing impact of copepodites and adults of these four species was modelled for each station by using egg production rates as an index of growth. Seasonal development of plankton communities was closely associated with the extent of the ice cover, hydrographic conditions and the water masses typical of the different hydrographic domains. Four regions were identified from their biological activities and physical environment: The Northeast Water polynya on the East Greenland Shelf, with a springbloom of diatoms and active reproduction of herbivorous copepods. The pack ice region, dominated by small flagellates and negligible grazing activities. The marginal ice zone, with high variability and strong gradients of autotroph production related to eddies and ice tongues, an active microbial loop and low egg production. The open water, with high station-to-station variability of most of the parameters, probably related to hydrographic mesoscale activities. Here, Phaeocystis pouchetii was a prominent species in the phytoplankton communities. Its presence may at least partly be responsible for the generally low egg production in the open waters. Grazing impact on primary production was always small, due to low zooplankton biomass in the polynya and due to low ingestion in the remaining regions.     

Distribution, reproduction and development of Calanus species in the Northeast water in relation to environmental conditions

The vertical and horizontal distribution of mesozooplankton biomass and its composition, together with the reproduction and development of the three dominant herbivorous copepods Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus, were studied in the Northeast Water between the end of May and end of July, 1993. Biomass varied between 0.15 and 10.6 g m⁻² and was lower on the shallow banks. Highest biomass was found on the shelf slope and in the entrances to Belgica and Westwind Troughs. There was no seasonal trend during the study period. Among the zooplankton taxa, copepods were dominant, with 84% biomass of all other taxa, followed by chaetognaths with 14%. The large Calanus species made up 91% of copepod biomass. The most abundant species, C. glacialis, inhabited areas of low current speeds on Belgica and Ob Bank, C. hyperboreus dominated shelf slope and trough stations, while C. finmarchicus was most abundant in the Return Atlantic Current along the shelf slope and also eastern Belgica Trough. C. glacialis was the only Calanus species spawning during this period, but young copepodites of the other species were also abundant. Egg production of C. glacialis was at a maximum by our arrival and continued to at least mid August. According to the results from starvation experiments, its egg production was fuelled by food uptake, but was decoupled from phytoplankton chlorophyll until July, indicating ice-algae and microzooplankton as an alternative food source. Only when the polynya approached its maximum extent was a close relationship to phytoplankton established. Due to both spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the occurrence of young copepodite stages it was impossible to follow the growth of cohorts of developmental stages. Herbivorous carbon requirements estimated from egg production rates were mostly less than one third of the phytoplankton stock. From egg production and the distribution of young stages, the outer Westwing Trough seems to be the centre of biological activities. This may be related to the formation of young ice in winter in this area, which was found to carry a large mass of under-ice algae. High biomass but low production in Belgica Trough indicate this as an advective and expatriated community of C. finmarchicus and C. hyperboreus, where grazing is negligible, at least during early summer.     

A spatially explicit ecosystem model of seston depletion in dense mussel culture

A fully-coupled biological–physical–chemical model of a coastal ecosystem was constructed to examine the impact of suspended mussel culture on phytoplankton biomass in Tracadie Bay, Prince Edward Island, Canada. Due to the extent of mussel culture there, we hypothesised that shellfish filtration would control the concentration and distribution of phytoplankton and other suspended particles in the bay. Circulation was delineated with a tidally-driven 2D numerical model and used to drive an ecosystem model with a focus on pelagic components including phytoplankton production, nutrients, detritus, and mussels. The benthos were treated as a sink. Nutrients and seston were forced by tidal exchange and river input, with phytoplankton additionally forced by light. Boundary conditions of seston and nutrients were derived from field studies with an emphasis on the contrast between spring (high river nutrients, low temperature) and summer (low river inputs and high temperatures). Model output was used to map phytoplankton carbon over the bay for each season and in the presence of mussels and river nutrient input. Results indicate severe depletion effects of mussel culture on overall phytoplankton biomass, but no spatial pattern that can be attributed to grazing alone. Primary production generated by nutrient-rich river water created a mid-bay spike in phytoplankton that dominated the spatial pattern of chlorophyll-based carbon. Model results were validated with surveys from a towed sensor array (Acrobat) that confirmed the river influence and indicated bay-wide depletion of 29% between high and low water. Our model results indicate that the farm-scale depletion emphasised in previous studies cannot simply be extrapolated to seston limitation at the ecosystem level.     

天津港外海岛式油码头工程泥沙淤积

通过天津港大量实测资料的对比分析 ,研究了泥沙淤积变化的特点 ,并对天津港在外海建岛式深水码头工程的可行性进行了论述     

上海洋山港区固定断面实测水深资料分析

对上海洋港区 2 0 0 0 - 0 1～ 2 0 0 1- 0 1固定断面实测水深资料进行了整理分析 ,得出以下结论 :该海区夏秋季冲刷 ,冬春季淤积 ,全年冲淤平衡略有淤积。根据对实测资料的整理分析 ,进一步提出了封堵小洋山～镬盖塘汊口的必要性