桥梁维修与加固的内容及方法综述

概述桥梁维修加固的内容,并从结构性加固、非结构性加固、U型高桥台加固、桥墩加固4个方面介绍了桥梁维修加固的方法,以保证桥梁安全运营。     

粘钢加固法在铁路框架桥加固中的应用

介绍粘钢加固的特点,并结合甬台温铁路东外环立交桥的加固设计实例对粘钢加固法的计算理论、加固材料及加固方法进行了分析阐述,并提出了粘钢加固应注意的问题,可供类似铁路桥梁加固参考。     

水利工程堤围加固工程设计及施工技术

堤围工程是一种常见水利工程,许多已建堤围的防洪标准明显偏低,对堤围进行加固可以降低堤围工程的安全隐患。堤围加固设计和使用的施工技术是保证堤围加固建设的关键,本文以某岛堤围加固工程为例,阐述了堤围加固工程的影响因素,针对其堤围加固断面选型、加固横断面设计及施工技术进行探讨,最终取得了良好的加固效果。     

冲击碾压技术在港口工程地基加固中的应用

介绍冲击碾压加固地基的原理、施工工艺特点和加固效果.通过试验经研究发现,与普夯加固地基相比,冲击碾压加固地基不仅能达到或超过普夯加固地基的效果,而且还能大大缩短工期、降低施工成本,在港口工程地基加固处理中具有广阔的应用前景.     

梁式桥体外预应力加固技术

随着桥梁建设的大规模发展,旧桥加固已成为日益重要的问题。在众多的加固方法中,体外预应力加固是一种有效的加固方法,本文主论述了梁式桥的体外预应力加固技术。     

水库除险加固工程施工设计探析

水库除险加固工程关系到国计民生,如何做好水库除险加固工程施工设计是当前水库建设关注的焦点问题.因此,研究水库除险加固工程施工设计具有十分重要的现实意义.文中以水库除险加固为切入点,结合新疆生产建设兵团第十师186团青年水库的实际情况,在概述水库除险加固的内容的基础上,重点探讨了水库除险加固施工管理的组织设计,旨在说明水利工程建设中除险加固施工管理的重要性,以期为水库除险加固工程施工设计提供参考.     

轻型井点结合塑料排水板复合加固方法研究

文章简要介绍了轻型井点结合塑料排水板复合加固法的施工工艺、使用工况。通过靖江新港作业区公用码头段案例,分析了该加固方法的加固效果。分层沉降结果表明该加固方法影响深度约为10 m且在4.0～6.0 m深度范围内的加固效果特别明显;固结计算结果表明,加固后地基承载力为256.3 kPa,8～10m深度处的粉砂夹粉土层的标贯击数由加固前的3击增长到5击,地基承载力提高明显,加固深度达到设计要求。室内土工试验结果表明加固后物理参数各项指标均有所提高。     

圬工拱圈增大截面面积加固承载能力验算方法研究

目前我国大量圬工拱桥进入加固期,大批的加固任务,使承载力计算方法的研究成为加固领域亟须解决的问题。文中以增大截面面积加固法加固圬工拱圈的受力特点为依据,提出一套承载能力验算方法。     

高桩码头梁构件碳纤维加固效果评价

针对高桩码头梁构件碳纤维加固效果的问题,结合桥梁静载试验验证的理念,对高桩码头引桥碳纤维加固前后进行静载试验,通过比较碳纤维加固前后的位移、应力值,获得碳纤维加固前后承载能力提高情况,同时了解碳纤维加固后梁结构是否满足设计要求。通过静载试验结果分析可知:高桩码头梁构件碳纤维加固效果良好,可以推广使用。     

预应力技术在箱梁加固中的应用

对既有桥梁的加固是桥梁建设可持续发展的重要举措,预应力技术由于其显著的优势,在桥梁加固工程中得到了广泛的应用。文中在简要介绍预应力加固原理与设计要点的基础上,结合申杭线大桥加固工程,重点介绍了体外预应力技术在桥梁上部结构加固中的应用。     

Vibration-assisted decommissioning of a slip joint: Application to an offshore wind turbine

An alternative option to the traditional grouted joint for wind turbines is a direct steel-to-steel connection, also known as slip joint. In a recently published work, a proof of concept of a vibration-assisted installation and decommissioning technique of a slip joint was illustrated. Leveraging on the obtained results, the current study shows for the first time a decommissioning campaign carried out using a vibration-assisted technique applied on a prototype hydraulic wind turbine tower located in the North Sea, and connected to the monopile through a slip joint. The key aspect of the dismounting procedure is a priori knowledge of the resonance frequency clusters corresponding to the slip joint’s cross-sectional modes. Therefore, field hammer tests and experimental modal analysis were carried out inside the wind turbine tower. The identified frequencies and mode shapes were then compared with numerical ones estimated by a finite element model of the investigated structure. The comparison showed that a set of frequency clusters can be directly selected from a detailed numerical model. The preparatory work of the slip joint decommissioning was then executed by installing electric shaker devices, based on the dynamic identification results, and hydraulic jacks mounted inside the wind turbine tower. A first decommissioning trial was carried out in May 2019, while the final decommissioning was performed in August 2019. After analysing the measurements of the hydraulic pressures, displacements and excitation frequencies during the decommissioning campaigns, the results showed that it is possible to disconnect the slip joint if, in combination to a vertical static force, one of the identified cross-sectional mode shapes is excited. The vibration-assisted decommissioning proved to be a successful technique to dismount the connection in a controlled and straightforward manner.     

Locomotion by mechanical pectoral fins

The objectives of this study were the development of a new device for maneuvering an underwater vehicle using the mechanism of a fish swimming, an experimental and theoretical analysis of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the device, and its application to maneuvering a fish robot. Observations and experimental analysis of the pectoral fins of a black bass (Micropterus salmoides) revealed that the locomotion of the fish, such as swimming forward at low speed, swimming backward, and turning in a horizontal plane is generated by using a combination of a feathering motion and a lead-lag motion of the pectoral fins. A mechanical pectoral fin making a feathering motion and a lead-lag motion generates a thrust force in a range of phase differences between both motions. The unsteady vortex lattice method, including the effect of viscosity, can express fairly well the unsteady forces acting on the mechanical pectoral fin in the range of phase differences where it exerts the thrust force. The fish robot, consisting of a model fish body and a pair of mechanical pectoral fins, can not only swim forward and turn in almost the same position, but can also swim in a lateral direction without changing the yaw angle. Translation of an article that appeared in the Journal of The Society of Naval Architects of Japan, vol. 182 (1997): The original article won the SNAJ prize, which is awarded annually to the best papers selected from the SNAJ Journal, JMST, or other quality journals in the field of naval architecture and ocean engineering.     

Optimal reefer slot conversion for container freight transportation

Given a fleet of container ships of varying capacity, a cost-efficient approach for improving fleet utilization and reducing the number of delayed containers is to optimize the sequence of container ships in a given string, a problem which belongs to the large ship-deployment class. A string sequence with ‘uniformly’ distributed ship capacity is more likely to accommodate a random container shipment demand. The number of one’s total ship slots acts as a gauge of the capacity of the container ships. Meanwhile, there are two types of ship slots: dry slots and reefer slots. A dry slot only accommodates a dry container, while a reefer slot can accommodate either a dry or a reefer container. The numbers of dry and reefer slots for ships in a string are different. Therefore, in this study, we propose a model that considers both dry and reefer slots and use it to elucidate the optimal ship-deployment sequence. The objective is to minimize the delay of dry and reefer containers when the demand is uncertain. Furthermore, based on the optimal sequence deduced, the study also investigates the need to convert some dry slots to reefer slots for the container ships.     

三体船型PCC风荷载的实验性研究(英文)

In recent years, demands for car transportation by a ship have been increasing with favorable economic conditions in auto sector, and the need of a pure car carrier (PCC) has grown quickly. A PCC needs huge parking space but smaller displacement since a car is comparatively light for its volume. As a result, almost all PCCs have wide breadth, shallow draft and huge structure above the water surface. These features cause some technical issues of a PCC, like lack of stability, effect of strong winds on its resistance, difficulty of course keeping in rough seas, difficulty of berthing in strong winds, and so on. To overcome these technical issues, one of the authors has proposed a new concept for a PCC. This is a trimaran PCC which has very limited transverse bulkheads in the center hull by using two side hulls as fenders. In the present research, wind forces acting on a scale model of the trimaran PCC were measured in the towing tank with a wind generator at Osaka Prefecture University. Furthermore, in order to clarify the characteristics of wind pressure on the trimaran, height and width of tunnels which are between a main hull and side hulls were changed. And then, in order to imitate a real ship, we used wind reduction technology of corner-cut design for accommodation house of the ship. Moreover, the wind pressure acting on the trimaran was compared with that on a mono-hull PCC. Using these experimental and theoretical results, an estimation method of wind pressure acting on the trimaran PCC is deduced.     

Application of analytical model in the prediction of dynamic responses and fatigue damage of flexible risers: Part II – Dynamic analysis of flexible risers in large-scale domain using a direct moment correction method

In recent years, the dynamic responses of flexible risers have been the focus of many researchers. Most flexible risers undergo a substantial level of irregular motion from environmental loadings, which involves a continuous slip of helical wires. The slip of helical wires especially leads to a hysteretic effect by reducing the bending stiffness, making it hard to predict the dynamic responses of flexible risers. The current study, as an extension to Part I, presents a new large-scale dynamic analysis method for flexible risers. The suggested method creates a large-scale model for the dynamic analysis that considers a geometric and bending nonlinearity of flexible risers. The kinematics of each beam element is formulated based on a Green-Lagrangian strain and the interaction with the seabed, providing a realistic analysis of flexible risers. In particular, the current study introduces a direct moment correction method that modifies the internal force vector using an improved analytical model. The improved analytical model is assigned at each node of the large-scale model and estimates an accurate bending hysteresis curve considering the effect of shear deformation and varying tension. The suggested method corrects the bending moment and shear force of all beam elements based on the bending hysteresis curves obtained from the improved analytical model, by which a complex bending behavior of flexible risers is reflected in a large-scale domain. As a result, this study achieves a more accurate prediction of the dynamic responses and fatigue damage of flexible risers. A new dynamic analysis program, called OPFLEX, is developed herein based on the suggested analysis method. Using the developed program, the current study conducts several numerical investigations to identify the effect of the shear deformation and varying tension. Consequently, it is confirmed that the shear deformation of internal layers reduces the fatigue damage of helical wires by delaying the increase of internal stress. It is also identified that the effect of varying tension deteriorates the fatigue life of flexible risers through a continuous change of contact pressure during bending.     

船舶弃船决策系统分析

当船舶发生海难事故后,船舶弃船时机的正确决策关系到船舶安全尤其是海上人命安全,文中试运用决策理论与技术以及系统理论分析了该决策系统的目标与准则、决策环境、决策体制与决策者、决策方案等要素,以及这些要素的相互联系,对弃船时机的正确选择做一个初步分析,为进一步研究奠定一些基础。     

长甲板室端部应力集中分析及优选设计研究

针对长甲板室纵向围壁端部与主船体露天甲板交界处的应力集中问题,采用结构有限元数值分析方法,探讨在空间布置受到限制的条件下,应力集中交界处圆弧型肘板臂长、圆弧半径等参数变化对应力分布和大小的影响,并得到降低应力集中系数的圆弧型肘板参数的最佳值。文中根据研究结果,对某艘实船的长甲板室纵向围壁端部与主船体露天甲板交界处圆弧型肘板进行优选设计,有效地降低了该处的应力集中水平。     

基于时频分布的海杂波环境下目标检测

对海杂波存在目标和没有目标两种情况进行时频分析,其时频分布图表现出明显的特征差异,在没有目标时,时频分布图比较发散,存在目标时,时频分布图中有较集中且与目标多普勒频移对应的最优曲线。利用这种差异,文章提出了基于时频分布的目标检测方法。时频分布检测方法通过查找算法得到该最优曲线,并取该最优曲线所有点的和值作为判断目标存在与否的依据。通过实测数据仿真表明该方法能够提高海杂波环境下目标检测性能。     

Humpback Whales in Tonga: An Economic Resource for Tourism

The growth of whale-watching internationally has been spectacular. It now occurs in almost 100 countries and is estimated to be worth in excess of U.S.$1 billion each year in revenue. Thus, whales have become valuable as a resource for tourism. The Vava'u island group in the northern part of the Kingdom of Tonga in the South Pacific is an area with a growing reputation as a whale-watching destination. However, the industry is relatively new there and the impacts of whale-based tourism in these islands is, as yet, unknown. In addition, there has been a recent consideration of a return to hunting whales in Tonga. As a result, concerns regarding the value of these animals for tourism and the potential impact of a return to hunting have arisen. Consequently, a study was designed to provide a preliminary assessment of the economic impacts of these animals for the island community. This study estimates that humpback whales may be worth in excess of U.S.$700,000 annually as a tourism attraction and that there is significant potential for future growth. Furthermore, the study shows that current visitors are opposed to any resumption of whaling practices in the islands and that such a move would likely displace large numbers of tourists from Tonga. Thus, it is concluded that a resumption of whaling in Tonga would likely have a significant opportunity cost in terms of lost tourism revenues.     

A survey on modeling and control of thruster-assisted position mooring systems

This review presents a systematic summary of the state-of-the-art development of technological solutions, modeling, and control strategies of thruster-assisted position mooring (TAPM) systems. The survey serves as a starting point for exploring automatic control and real-time monitoring solutions proposed for TAPM systems. A brief historical background of the mooring systems is given. The kinematics and a simplified kinetic control-design model of a TAPM system are derived in accordance with established control methods, including a quasistatic linearized model for the restoring and damping forces based on low-frequency horizontal motions of the vessel. In addition, another two mooring line models, i.e., the catenary equation and the finite element method model, are presented for the purpose of higher-fidelity simulations. The basic TAPM control strategies are reviewed, including heading control, surge-sway damping, roll–pitch damping (for semisubmersibles), and line break detection and compensation. Details on the concepts of setpoint chasing for optimal positioning of a vessel at the equilibrium position are discussed based on balancing the mooring forces with the environmental loads and avoiding mooring line failure modes. One method for setpoint chasing is the use of a structural reliability index, accounting for both mean mooring line tensions and dynamic effects. Another method is the use of a lowpass filter on the position of the vessel itself, to provide a reference position. The most advanced method seems to be the use of a fault-tolerant control framework that, in addition to direct fault detection and isolation in the mooring system, incorporates minimization of either the low-frequency tensions in the mooring lines or minimization of the reliability indices for the mooring lines to select the optimal directions for the setpoint to move. A hybrid (or supervisory switching) control method is also presented, where a best-fit control law and observer law are automatically selected among a bank of control and observer algorithms based on the supervision of the sea-state and automatic switching logic.