重型汽车手油门配置开发

<正>1开发背景目前国内重型汽车匹配共轨系统发动机的可以安装电子油门,能够实现巡航功能,当车辆启动后,行驶过程中,把油门保持在一个位置,使车辆平稳行驶,驾驶员不用一直踩着油门踏板,减轻驾驶员疲劳。采用EGR发动机的车型,油门为机械式,需要再增加一套控制系统来实现此功能。另外,机械式当遇到紧急情况时,手油门装置可以直接中断供油,保证行驶安全。     

丰田汽车维修技师培训教程(六)——车身电气系统(Ⅵ)

9.巡航控制系统 巡航控制系统简称为CCS,是Cruise Control Systems的缩写。丰田中高档轿车均装备了巡肮控制系统。 汽车在高速公路或交通流量较少的路段上行驶时,驾驶员按下巡肮控制主开关,巡航控制系统将自动地增减节气门的开度,使车辆按设定的车速行驶。这时驾驶员的脚就可以从加速(油门)踏板上放开,只需两手控制好方向即可。     

佳美骄车巡航系统常见故障

我们知道,所谓巡航就是车辆以某一设定的速度稳定行驶,而不需要驾驶员操纵油门踏板来控制车速.丰田佳美轿车的巡航系统由设定开关(SET)、车速传感器、节气门开度传感器、巡航ECU及巡航执行器等组成,共同完成自动巡航功能.     

轿车巡航控制系统故障诊排2例

巡航控制系统（CCS）是利用先进的电子技术对汽车的行驶速度进行自动调节，从而实现恒速行驶的一种电子控制装置。装有该系统的汽车在良好路面上行驶时可以使驾驶员的脚离开加速踏板，汽车则以一个由驾驶员选定的车速恒速行驶。巡航控制系统由车速传感器、巡航控制计算机（CCECU）、执行器、主开关和控制开关、驻车制动开关、制动灯开关和空挡启动开关组成。有了自动巡航功能在驾驶途中倍感轻松自如，也省去了一些不必要的烦恼，自动巡航系统对于高挡轿车是必不可少。     

双面离合器和双重离合器的机械式自动变速器比较

为使驾驶员有与驾驶自动变速器车辆同样的感觉．手动变速器正在向机械式自动变速器(AMT)演变。目前，有两种与传统中间轴式手动变速器结构截然不同的先进的机械式自动变速器．分别是双面离合器(DSCT)和双重离合器(DCT)的形式。比较了这两种机械式自动变速器，并分析了其主要优缺点。     

汽车巡航控制装置简介

汽车巡航控制装置是使汽车在发动机有利转速范围内，保持车辆行驶速度恒定的自动行驶装置。其功能是在汽车行驶速度达到驾驶员的要求时，开启该装置，此时驾驶员不用踩加速踏板，汽车就会按照设定的速度匀速行驶。采用巡航控制装置后，既减少了不必要的车速变化，又减轻了驾驶员的工……     

基于阈值分析的防误踩加速踏板系统设计

汽车在行驶过程中,驾驶员在突发情况进行紧急制动时有时会出现误踩把加速踏板的行为,使得车辆出现急加速情况,加剧突发事故的后果,存在重大的事故隐患。针对此危险情况,本文提出了一种防误踩加速踏板的智能系统。该系统通过利用线位移传感器实时采集油门踏板变化率,当油门踏板变化率超过ECU中所设定的阈值时,ECU将自动开启制动系统对车辆进行制动,保证车辆的驾驶安全性。实际试验结果表明,本系统在误踩油门踏板达到设定阈值时能够自动开启车辆制动系统,避免事故的发生。     

散热器对自动变速器的重要性

正汽车变速器作为汽车核心部件之一,在整车当中起到举足轻重的作用,而自动变速器与手动变速器相比较,技术含量和复杂程度更高,自动变速器的核心在于可以实现自动换挡,驾驶员在行驶过程中,根据行驶速度需要控制油门踏板,自动变速器根据发动机负荷和汽车运行工况,自动切换不同挡位(图1)。     

2011款宝马X3发动机节能启停功能MSA新技术剖析

1.MSA手动变速器手动变速器车辆中发动机节能启停功能MSA的操作逻辑源自E8x和E9x。车辆停止、驾驶员挂入空挡并松开离合器踏板后,MSA就会关闭发动机。这样可以避免车辆静止时消耗燃油。驾驶员重新踩下离合器踏板时,发动机自动启动,车辆可以继续行驶。xDrive20d上市时配置了MSA。2.MSA自动变速器F25是首次使用MSA的自动变速器车辆。xDrive35i和xDrive20d上市时配置了MSA,其他车型以后也将配置该功能。     

军用重型牵引车的AMT液压驱动换挡执行机构

军用重型牵引车在野战下使用条件恶劣．变速器负载大、挡位多、选换挡操纵复杂,大大增加了驾驶员的工作强度,对车辆行驶性能产生较大影响。如果采用电控机械式自动变速器（AMT）,对传统的重型车手动变速器通过电控改进,在车辆基本不改变原车结构和各总成零部件的前提下,将配备手动变速器车辆的离合器操纵总成和换挡操纵等零部件替换为必要的控制和执行机构,     

eTS fuzzy driver model for simultaneous longitudinal and lateral vehicle control

In this paper, evolving Takagi-Sugeno (eTS) fuzzy driver model is proposed for simultaneous lateral and longitudinal control of a vehicle in a test track closed to traffic. The developed eTS fuzzy driver model can capture human operator’s driving expertise for generating desired steering angle, throttle angle and brake pedal command values by processing only information which can be supplied by the vehicle’s on-board control systems in real time. Apart from other fuzzy rule based (FRB) models requiring human expert knowledge or off-line clustering, the developed eTS driver model can adapt itself automatically, even ‘from scratch’, by an on-line learning process using eTS algorithm while human driver is supervising the vehicle. Proposed eTS fuzzy driver model’s on-line human driver identification capability and autonomous vehicle driving performance were evaluated on real road profiles created by digitizing two different intercity express ways of Turkey in IPG© CarMaker® software. The training and validation simulation results demonstrated that eTS fuzzy driver model can be used in product development phase to speed up different tests via realistic simulations. Furthermore eTS fuzzy driver model has an application potential in the field of autonomous driving.     

融合预瞄与势场栅格法的紧急避撞驾驶人模型

紧急避障工况下的驾驶人操作具有响应快且动作幅值较大的特点，传统预瞄驾驶人模型已不能适应紧急避障工况的需求，故考虑实际避撞场景开发相应的驾驶人模型就显得尤为必要。针对此种状况，基于驾驶模拟器，结合紧急避撞工况实际驾驶人操纵数据，提出了一种融合预瞄与势场栅格法的紧急避撞驾驶人模型。首先针对紧急避撞工况下车辆运动特点，建立车辆横、纵向耦合非线性动力学模型，并给出其状态空间方程描述；其次，离线仿真分析紧急避撞系统特征，并结合线性二次型最优控制，建立最优曲率预瞄+跟踪误差反馈驾驶人模型；再者，基于紧急避撞工况下真实驾驶人经验转向行为数据，开发基于势场栅格法的驾驶人模型，为进一步提高驾驶人模型对避障行驶工况的适应性，将基于势场栅格法的驾驶人模型与最优曲率预瞄+跟踪误差反馈驾驶人模型进行融合，并基于Sigmoid函数实现两者输出的权重分配；最后，针对所提出的融合预瞄与势场栅格法的驾驶人模型，开展基于避撞台架的驾驶人在环仿真试验以及实车试验。研究结果表明：在紧急避撞工况下，对比最优曲率预瞄+跟踪误差反馈驾驶人模型，融合预瞄与势场栅格法的驾驶人模型输出的转向动作与实际驾驶人行为较为接近，可在保证避障安全性的前提下，兼顾避障路径跟踪精度与车辆行驶的稳定性。     

面向人因的车路协同系统综合测试及影响评估

面向冬奥主干通道兴延高速，以驾驶人适应性为导向，构建一种面向人因的车路协同系统硬件在环效能测试平台，针对多种道路条件、交通状态、特殊事件等面向高速公路设计13种交通情境，从主、客观2个维度实现车路协同系统包括主观感受、高效性、安全性、生态性、舒适性、有效性6个方面的驾驶人适应性评价，分析车路协同驾驶状态下的综合评估指标及影响机理。主观评估结果显示，车路协同技术对驾驶人有积极作用，52%的被试认为车载预警信息可以使行车过程更安全。客观运行结果表明：由于车路协同状态下驾驶人对于前方道路危险状况的可预知性，导致驾驶人提前降速，运行速度降低，效率有所下降；车路协同条件下的加速度和换道次数明显减小，其安全性显著提升；由于车路协同系统避免了驾驶人对于突发危险状况的紧急制动，因此车辆的油耗、排放均明显降低，其生态性改善效果显著；归因于驾驶人对于车路协同系统熟悉程度不足，导致舒适度各系统存在不一致的结论，也表明驾驶人对于车路协同系统的接受度和信任度均有待进一步提高；驾驶人在车路协同条件下可获取不同路段的限速值和超速提示，其有效性表现出明显的优势，速度跟随比有显著提升。所构建的测试平台和指标体系为进一步深层次挖掘车路协同的作用机理奠定了基础。     

利用A/T模型分析整车怠速振动性能

利用整车有限元模型计算出发动机曲轴转矩到驾驶员座椅和转向盘的加速度的传递函数,同时通过试验测量出发动机怠速时的输出转矩,因此,利用A/T模型可在汽车开发的前期较好地预测并控制整车怠速振动.最后以分析实例和试验验证了该方法在整车性能设计中的适用性和准确性.     

Application of Elementary Neural Networks and Preview Sensors for Representing Driver Steering Control Behaviour

This paper demonstrates the use of elementary neural networks for modelling and representing driver steering behaviour in path regulation control tasks. Areas of application include uses by vehicle simulation experts who need to model and represent specific instances of driver steering control behaviour, potential on-board vehicle technologies aimed at representing and tracking driver steering control behaviour over time, and use by human factors specialists interested in representing or classifying specific families of driver steering behaviour. Example applications are shown for data obtained from a driver/vehicle numerical simulation, a basic driving simulator, and an experimental on-road test vehicle equipped with a camera and sensor processing system.     

纯电动客车动力系统集成试验台的研发与应用

介绍一种纯电动客车动力系统集成试验台的研发及应用。该试验台采用动力电池包作为动力源,将整车控制策略集成到试验台控制系统中,实现整车控制策略的标定和验证,增加驾驶员实际操作作为系统输入,用于纯电动客车车载动力系统的试验、开发、匹配、标定以及整车控制策略验证。     

Driver steering and muscle activity during a lane-change manoeuvre

The article reports an experimental study of driver steering control behaviour in a lane-change manoeuvre. Eight test subjects were instrumented with electromyography to measure muscle activation and co-contraction. Each subject completed 30 lane-change manoeuvres with one vehicle on a fixed-base driving simulator. For each driver, the steering torque feedback characteristic was changed after every ten manoeuvres; the response of the vehicle to steering angle inputs was not changed. Drivers' control strategies were found to be robust to changes in steering torque feedback. Path-following errors, muscle activity and muscle co-contraction all reduce with the number of lane-changes performed by the driver, suggesting the existence of a learning process. Comparing the test subjects, there was some evidence that high levels of co-contraction were used to allow high-frequency steering inputs to be generated. The results contribute to the understanding of vehicle–driver (and more generally, human–machine) dynamic interaction.     

An investigation on motor-driven power steering-based crosswind disturbance compensation for the reduction of driver steering effort

This paper describes a lateral disturbance compensation algorithm for an application to a motor-driven power steering (MDPS)-based driver assistant system. The lateral disturbance including wind force and lateral load transfer by bank angle reduces the driver's steering refinement and at the same time increases the possibility of an accident. A lateral disturbance compensation algorithm is designed to determine the motor overlay torque of an MDPS system for reducing the manoeuvreing effort of a human driver under lateral disturbance. Motor overlay torque for the compensation of driver's steering torque induced by the lateral disturbance consists of human torque feedback and feedforward torque. Vehicle–driver system dynamics have been investigated using a combined dynamic model which consists of a vehicle dynamic model, driver steering dynamic model and lateral disturbance model. The human torque feedback input has been designed via the investigation of the vehicle–driver system dynamics. Feedforward input torque is calculated to compensate additional tyre self-aligning torque from an estimated lateral disturbance. The proposed compensation algorithm has been implemented on a developed driver model which represents the driver's manoeuvreing characteristics under the lateral disturbance. The developed driver model has been validated with test data via a driving simulator in a crosswind condition. Human-in-the-loop simulations with a full-scale driving simulator on a virtual test track have been conducted to investigate the real-time performance of the proposed lateral disturbance compensation algorithm. It has been shown from simulation studies and human-in-the-loop simulation results that the driver's manoeuvreing effort and a lateral deviation of the vehicle under the lateral disturbance can be significantly reduced via the lateral disturbance compensation algorithm.     

轻型车排放测试影响因素试验研究

针对某款国Ⅳ轻型汽油车进行了不同测试条件下的排放对比试验,分析了测试条件对试验结果的影响.试验结果表明,随着预置环境温度升高,车辆HC和CO排放量有所下降;随着驱动轮胎压力的降低,车辆的排放量及油耗会逐渐增高;固定链条与水平方向形成一定倾角向下固定车辆时的排放量和油耗大于水平拉紧车辆的情况;驾驶员驾驶经验和对车辆状况的熟悉程度会影响排放试验结果.提出了减小各因素对排放测试结果影响的建议.     

基于驾驶特性的超车模型研究

超车行驶作为驾驶人行车过程中重要的行为之一,与行驶安全性有着直接的联系。为建立符合驾驶人操作习惯的超车模型,本文通过实车试验采集不同驾驶人在高速公路的超车行驶数据,并以此采用多项式回归拟合建立基于驾驶人操作特性的超车模型,最后利用prescan软件对提出的超车模型进行了仿真分析,结果表明建立的超车模型能够真实地反映驾驶人超车过程中的操作习惯,为超车行为的研究提供了可靠的理论依据。