一种新型的置换海底子母管道技术

在BZ34—3／5边际油田海洋工程开发过程中，考虑到渤海海域的环境气候与所产原油的凝点，混输管道在冬季停输的情况下，管内原油容易在较短时间内凝固而堵塞海底管道，因此设计中须考虑管道的应急置换措施。为规避风险及符合边际油田开发投资成本小的宗旨，设计者引入了一种新型的管道结构形式-子母管道（Bundled Pipeline）。在停输的情况下，利用周边油田的已有设施，将子管内柴油反向输送至混输管道（母管）入口，将管内原油置换出来。介绍了子母管道在设计、安装过程中与传统海底管道的不同之处。混输、置换（子管）管道通过绑扎于一体进行安装铺设，这样在很大程度上节省了海上工程的费用与时间，目前该油田已投产且运转正常。     

中国石油供给更加多元化

随着中俄原油管道于今年九月下旬竣工，中国的原油供给和原油进口渠道变得更加多元化，这也标志着中国向确保未来能源安全的目标又迈出了一步。最终，中俄原油管道的输送能力将达到设计能力的每年1500万吨，这相当于中国2009年陆运进口石油总量的90％，所以这条管道的建成已经将中国的陆运石油进口量提高了接近一倍。而海运贸易会将因此受到影响么？     

原油长输管道密闭输送常见问题及其对策分析

分析了长输管道原油密闭输送中存在的问题,指出了原油输送过程中降低油气损耗、消化原油结蜡、缓解压力波动、降低摩阻等问题的解决方法。     

厦门马銮湾疏浚排泥管道注气输送技术

在湖泊清淤、航道整治、港口建设和吹填造地等工程项目中,绞吸挖泥船远距离输送泥浆存在管道阻力大、磨损严重、能耗增加等问题,限制了疏浚船舶生产率的发挥。结合工程实例对疏浚排泥管道注气输送技术进行研究,对比分析注气输送技术对疏浚船舶油耗及生产效率的影响,得出“注气输送技术在远距离疏浚中能降低船舶能耗,提升船舶生产率”的结论。     

多相流技术在凝析气管道输送中的应用

多相流技术是当前管道输送技术发展的一个重要方面.多相流技术在降低管道投资,减少运行费用方面的显著特点已使其越来越多地用于油气管道输送.在海洋油气田开发中,为简化平台处理工艺、减少管道投资,油气输送多采用多相流输送.凝析气是多元组分的气体混合物,以饱和烃组分为主,在开采,输送过程中的凝析和反凝析现象显著,这使凝析气的管道输送不同于气体或液体的单相输送,凝析气的气液混相输送是多相流输送的一种特例.针对东海平湖油气田海底输气管道采用多相流技术输送凝析气的实例,分析了凝析气混相输送管道压降、输量和持液率的关系,并指出了预测管路温度下降值是管路安全运行的必要条件.通过对平湖凝析气管道的运行分析,强调工艺配套是多相流技术成功应用的重要条件.     

中国石油供给更加多元化

随着中俄原油管道于今年九月下旬竣工,中国的原油供给和原油进口渠道变得更加多元化,这也标志着中国向确保未来能源安全的目标又迈出了一步.最终,中俄原油管道的输送能力将达到设计能力的每年1500万吨,这相当于中国2009年陆运进口石油总量的90%,所以这条管道的建成已经将中国的陆运石油进口量提高了接近一倍.而海运贸易会将因此受到影响么?     

挖泥船管道输泥的加气助送阻力特性试验研究

由于疏浚船舶排泥管中的泥浆在管道输送中阻力大,常常引起管道磨损、堵塞和输送功耗大等技术问题,限制了疏浚船舶作用的发挥.加气助送输泥方式是解决该问题的一种方法.能够有效地减小泥浆的管道阻力.通过试验研究了泥浆浓度、管道流量和加气压力等因素的改变对泥浆的管道阻力的影响关系,从试验数据得到在高浓度和大流量的泥浆中加入压力较低的压缩气体具有明显的减阻效果的结论.     

自卸式散体物料运输船装卸系统开发研究

随着科技的进步和社会的发展,人类对环境保护的日益重视,作为散料输送方式之一的管道物料输送技术更得到了快速地发展和广泛地应用。本文论述了正负压气力输送系统的自卸式物料运输船,散装水泥(物料)的气力卸船的成套技术的功能系统配置、原理和性能。     

长直管道输砂的沿程临界流速*

近年来，河湖水库的环保疏浚、港口航道建设与维护性疏浚工程越来越多，管道输送是疏浚泥沙搬运的主要方式，输送距离也越来越长。管道输送中流速沿程的再分布情况和临界流速尚待进一步研究。基于古雷镇填沙工程清水工况及输沙工况分层取样浓度实测数据对模型进行率定。在此基础上对长直管道输送砂类泥沙颗粒进行三维水动力及砂的运动模拟，分析了直管道沿程的剖面流速再分布特征和泥沙淤积临界流速规律，提出长管中不同断面位置发生泥沙淤积的临界流速公式，为疏浚工程设计提供参考依据。     

胶凝砂砾石筑坝技术在龙溪口枢纽超长库区防护中的应用

胶凝砂砾石作为一种高水胶比、低胶凝材料用量的经济环保型筑坝材料，其填筑施工工艺与混凝土碾压施工近似，同时具有单次摊铺厚度更厚、施工效率更高的特点。以龙溪口航电枢纽工程五一坝防护库区为例，对胶凝砂砾石筑坝技术在超长库区防护的应用进行研究，通过分析其力学特性以及渗透性，进一步阐明胶凝砂砾石筑坝技术在水库库区安全防护中的应用科学性。结果表明，胶凝砂砾石筑坝技术在承受库区水压等外部力的作用下表现出优异的稳定性和抗压能力，其结构紧密、材料均匀，有助于减少水分渗透，从而保护库区内部的稳定性和安全性。     

超大型FPSO软轭架转塔式单点系泊系统设计研究

海上油田的原油输出,目前大多采用铺设海底管道或油轮驳运两种方式,油轮驳运则需要设单点系泊供停靠.从可靠和经济的观点考虑,采用单点系泊系统实为一种最佳选择.文章在单点系泊装置系统及环境载荷研究的基础上,对典型FPSO软轭架转塔式单点系泊系统进行了设计研究,根据模型试验获得了SYMS系统的时域耦合图谱,对SYMS的设计和布置具有指导意义.     

Reliability-based design of subsea light weight pipeline against lateral stability

The application of non-metallic light weight pipeline (LWP) in subsea oil/gas transmission system is subject to subsea pipeline on-bottom stability problem because of their light weight. Additional weight required for the stabilization of subsea LWP is a critical item to consider when decreasing the cost of the pipeline system. This paper presents an effective approach to determine the additional weight by utilizing a reliability-based assessment of subsea LWP against on-bottom stability. In the approach, a dynamic non-linear finite element model (FEM), including a model of fluids-pipe-soil interaction for the subsea pipeline, is used to study the pipeline displacement response. In-place analysis of a flexible pipe is presented as an example of the authors' methodology. Results show that displacements are largely affected with and without considering the lift force. Additionally, the uncertainties of all parameters used in the model are considered. With 145 cases of FEM calculations being the samples, a response surface model (RSM) is developed to predict the pipeline lateral displacement using the software Design-Expert. Combing with the RSM equation, the Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to estimate the probability of exceeding pipeline stability. To calculate the reliability of LWP for different submerged weights, the method introduces a calibrated factor into the serviceability limit state (SLS) function. The proposed approach can be used to determine the additional weight required for the on-bottom stability of subsea pipelines while considering the uncertainties of all relevant parameters.     

含缺陷海底管道横向屈曲理论研究

考虑了初始几何缺陷对管道屈曲临界载荷的影响,基于经典热屈曲理论,推导了平坦海床上裸铺管道横向屈曲临界载荷的理论公式,给出了无限远处管道轴向力的计算公式及临界温度的计算公式。建立了平坦海床上裸铺管道的非线性有限元模型,并将有限元结果与解析结果进行了对比,验证了解析公式的合理性。     

国外海底管道局部屈曲研究综述

海底管道是海洋油气集输系统中最重要的组成部分之一,从铺设到服役都将承受多种载荷的作用,并可能发生局部屈曲且沿管道传播开来,由此造成严重的后果。海底管道的局部屈曲在管道安全性方面具有重要意义,已成为海底管道设计与评估中重要的内容。详细阐述了国外关于海底管道受外压、弯矩和轴力作用下的局部屈曲研究成果,论述了在单个载荷和多个载荷联合作用下的局部屈曲破坏机理,并提出了未来研究的建议。     

用于预报离岸管线膨胀的简化技术（英文）

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs,which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio(SDR) versus virtual anchor length(LA) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline,offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.     

水下灌浆定形式海底管道立管固定装置研究

针对海底管道立管管卡发生损坏或者脱落,影响海底管道安全运行的情况,研制新型水下灌浆定型式海底管道立管固定装置。讨论水下管卡的结构形式,材料的选择及管卡灌浆的工艺流程。实验证明,该新型管卡能够代替原有管卡很好地对立管起到保护作用,能确保海底管道的安全运行。     

海底管道巡检船研发设计

简要介绍自主研发设计的"海底管道巡检船"船型的主要技术性能和技术特点。该船定位为国内首艘海底管道巡检船,搭载专业声学探测装置,抗风浪性能良好,能够持久巡线并应急响应,其各项功能均针对渤海海域海底管道运维需求进行设计,能够保障海底管道安全运营,排除隐患以避免或最大限度降低管道泄漏造成的损失。     

Simplified Technique for Predicting Offshore Pipeline Expansion

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs, which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio (SDR) versus virtual anchor length (L_A) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline, offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.     

PDMS元件库在自升式钻井船项目的应用

Vantage PDMS为一体化多专业集成布置设计数据库平台,可以进行工程设计最难点--管道详细设计,并可以进行设备、结构、暖通、电缆桥架、支吊架各专业详细设计,同时可以实现各专业间充分关联联动.该文主要研究VantagePDMS软件数据库在自升式钻进船项目配管方面的应用,其中主要包括管道元件库、管道等级库、螺栓库等方面的内容.文章对建库的主要方法进行阐述,对建库过程出现的问题进行研究,总结出Vlantage PDMS软件数据库在工程设计中的注意事项,并探讨了部分问题的解决方法.     

水下管道连接器设计研究及应用

随着全球海洋石油天然气开发从浅水走向深水,由于潜水员下潜深度有限,海底油气管道的连接必须通过水下机器人代替潜水员完成此项工作。因此各种管道连接技术也越来越多地应用于海洋石油开发中。水下管道连接器作为一种重要的自动安装连接装置,涉及到机械、液压、材料、防腐、密封等各个方面,具有免潜水员操作、安装便捷、可靠性高等特点,可广泛应用于水下油气管道连接。本文对已成功应用于南海某气田中水下采气树跨接管连接的水平机械式管道连接器和水下管汇发球器连接的垂直液压式管道连接器,从密封结构、导向结构、锁紧结构的设计进行了深入的阐述,并在连接器样机型式试验、产品防腐、水下安装等方面也进行了详细的说明。