Shipping News

BOX traffic boom in Changjiang region The container transport along the Changjiang River is developing rapidly. According to Shanghai port statistics,container lines initiated from the Changjiang ports to Shanghai has amounted to 11 with 21,000 TEU monthly volume, one times that of the last same period. The rapid development has attracted quite a lot of cornpanies to engage in cornpetition. Up to now,80％of total 150 domestic international lines set up cargo agencies at the Changjiang ports. Moreover, the container boom gives an impetus to the construction, rebudding and expansion for the transport facilities of the Changjiang ports. Additionally, the transhiprnent statiorls in the hinterland of the ports and along the major highways are being established along with the boom.     

中国集装箱港口发展分析

Over the recent ten years,China‘s container transport has witnessed a tremendous development side by side with china‘s successful development of foreign trade,owing to the fact that more and more coastal and inland river ports have gone for container transport in succession,     

Reader＇s Guide

<正>Dear readers: Golden autumn of October suggests a harvest season and vitality in port business as well.Agreat number of ports and harbours across the country have actively made their contributions to ourMagazine in attempt to reflect their business achievements.Unfortunately we are unable to publishall articles,instead,we selectly release the information of break-through traffic records includingcontainers by port of Shenzhen that is really inspirative.We actively prospect overwhelmingly busi-ness situation in port industry in the country.     

PORT OF SEATTLE STATEMENT REGARDING 21ST CENTURY

It is impossible to overstate the importance of the World Wide Web to any business, including ports, and there will come a day in the not-too-distant future when all internal and external processes involving the Port of Seattle will be Web-based. We see nothing but growth in the continued application of the Web to our everyday business. The Port has launched a five-year eBusiness strategy to help maintain our position as an innovative leader among ports. There are virtually no     

基于模拟减少集装箱船待港时间的实用方法(英文)

The main challenge for container ports is the planning required for berthing container ships while docked in port.Growth of containerization is creating problems for ports and container terminals as they reach their capacity limits of various resources which increasingly leads to traffic and port congestion.Good planning and management of container terminal operations reduces waiting time for liner ships.Reducing the waiting time improves the terminal’s productivity and decreases the port difficulties.Two important keys to reducing waiting time with berth allocation are determining suitable access channel depths and increasing the number of berths which in this paper are studied and analyzed as practical solutions.Simulation based analysis is the only way to understand how various resources interact with each other and how they are affected in the berthing time of ships.We used the Enterprise Dynamics software to produce simulation models due to the complexity and nature of the problems.We further present case study for berth allocation simulation of the biggest container terminal in Iran and the optimum access channel depth and the number of berths are obtained from simulation results.The results show a significant reduction in the waiting time for container ships and can be useful for major functions in operations and development of container ship terminals.     

Application of dual reciprocity boundary element method to predict acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers

In marine engine exhaust silencing systems, the presence of exhaust gas flow influences the sound propagation inside the systems and the acoustic attenuation performance of silencers. In order to investigate the effects of three-dimensional gas flow and acoustic damping on the acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers, a dual reciprocity boundary element method （DRBEM） was developed. The acoustic governing equation in three-dimensional potential flow was derived first, and then the DRBEM numerical procedure is given. Compared to the conventional boundary element method （CBEM）, the DRBEM considers the second order terms of flow Mach number in the acoustic governing equation, so it is suitable for the cases with higher Mach number subsonic flow. For complex exhaust silencers, it is difficult to apply the single-domain boundary element method, so a substructure approach based on the dual reciprocity boundary element method is presented. The experiments for measuring transmission loss of silencers are conducted, and the experimental setup and measurements are explained. The transmission loss of a single expansion chamber silencer with extended inlet and outlet were predicted by DRBEM and compared with the measurements. The good agreements between predictions and measurements are observed, which demonstrated that the derived acoustic governing equation and the DRBEM numerical procedure in the present study are correct.     

Shipping News

Cargo volume in Pearl River Delta/HK trade going up Inland tranship goods transported between HK and the Pearl River Delta region in 1995 was 28.7m tons,accounting for 18% of the total throughput of HK. The container cargo shipped by lighter from the ports of the Pearl River Delta to HK in 1995 was 1.3m TEUs, 44% up from the year ealier. While over the first four months of this year ,the container tranship goods increased by 35% over the last same period. Now the ports of the Delta are planning to upgrade some facilities to meet the need for the growing containers.     

The Present Situation and Future Development of Container Ports in the World

The Improvement of Port Management Stimulated by the Development of Container Traffic Container transport started to flourish in the 70s and grew rapidly. Comparing the traffic volume of 1990 with that of 1975, the Japanese ports handled 7. 82 million TEUs in 1990 and 1.87 million TEUs in 1975 while the "Four Small Dragonsnhandied 18. 10 million TEUs in 1990 and 1.68 million TEUs in 1975,4.2 times and 10.75 times increase respectively.     

A well-functioning port is a stimulus for economy

Until just a few years ago, ports in Europe had a rather wishy-washy image. In the eyes of both the public and politicians, ports were a necessary fact of life.     

Regulations for Inspection of Vessels Engaged in International Voyages Entering and/or Leaving the Ports of the People's Republic of China

Article 1 The present regulations are formulated for the purposes of strengthening the control over vessels engaged in international voyages entering and/or leaving the ports of the People's Republic of China, facilitating vessels entering and/or leaving the ports and of enhancing port efficiency.     

Shipping News

Fujian province focuses on three big ports It is revealed that in the next five years, Fujian province will concentrate its energy on developing ports of Fuzhou,Xiamen and Meizhou Bay hub ports. Meanwhile, it will be keen in developing ports of Fuqing Bay, Luoyuan Bay, Zhangzhou Bay, Dongshan, Quanzhou and Sanduao with foreign capital in order to target an increase of 12m tons in handing capacity including 0. 52m TEUs increase in containers by the year 2000.     

加强内地与香港交通合作 发挥香港国际航运中心作用

<正>Dear readers,welcome to read this issue of our jour-nal,Ports of China.The Chinese Government is going to resume exercis-ing sovereignty over Hong Kong.This is a grand eventthat has been drawing world attention.The port in HongKong is one of the busiest ports of the world,ranking asthe world’s biggest container port for five consecutiveyears.Therefore,Hong Kong’s return to the motherlandis a significant event for the Chinese ports industry aswell.In order to celebrate this epoch-making event,weare opentng a special column in this issue,Hong KongComing Back.For this column,Mr.Huang Zhendong,Minister of Communications,sent us his essay,entitled"Strengthening Cooperation Between Hong Kong and theInland Areas in Communications,Mobilising HongKong’s Functions as an International Shipping Center".Mr.Li Weizhong,President,China Ports and HarborsAssn,Also contributed his essay "Hailing Hong Kong’sReturn That Has Wiped Out the Old Humiliation,Look-ing out for a Better Megaport in the Future".also run inthis c     

船首形状对自由液面水下航行体阻力影响的试验研究（英文）

In this paper, towing tank experiments are conducted to study the behavior of flow on a model of the underwater vehicle with various shapes of bows, i.e. tango and standard bows in free surface motion tests. The total resistances for different Froude numbers are considered experimentally. The towing tank is equipped with a trolley that can operate in through 0.05–6 m/s speed with ±0.02 m/s accuracy. Furthermore, the study is done on hydrodynamic coefficients i.e. total, residual and friction resistance coefficients, and the results are compared. Finally, the study on flow of wave fields around bows is done and wave filed around two bows are compared. The Froude number interval is between 0.099 and 0.349. Blockage fraction for the model is fixed to 0.005 3. The results showed that the residual resistance of the standard bow in 0.19 to 0.3 Froude number is more than the tango bow in surface motion which causes more total resistance for the submarine. Finally, details of wave generated by the bow are depicted and the effects of flow pattern on resistance drag are discussed.     

Motion Control of Underwater Vehicle Based on Least Disturbance BP Algorithm

Up to now, some technology of neural networks are developed to solve the non-linearity of researched objects and toimplement the adaptive control in many engineering fields, and some good results were achieved. Though it puts some questionsover to design application structure with neural networks, it is really unknowable about the study mechanism of those.But, theimportance of study ratio is widely realized by many scientists now, and some methods on the modification of that are provided.     

Numerical Investigation on Two-dimensional Boundary Layer Flow with Transition

As a basic problem in many engineering applications, transition from laminar to turbulence still remains a difficult problem in computational fluid dynamics （CFD）. A numerical study of one transitional flow in two-dimensional is conducted by Reynolds averaged numerical simulation （RANS） in this paper. Turbulence model plays a significant role in the complex flows＇ simulation, and four advanced turbulence models are evaluated. Numerical solution of frictional resistance coefficient is compared with the measured one in the transitional zone, which indicates that Wilcox （2006） k-ω model with correction is the best candidate. Comparisons of numerical and analytical solutions for dimensionless velocity show that averaged streamwise dimensionless velocity profiles correct the shape rapidly in transitional region. Furthermore, turbulence quantities such as turbulence kinetic energy, eddy viscosity, and Reynolds stress are also studied, which are helpful to learn the transition＇s behavior.     

ISS-based robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm for maintaining a ship＇s track

This paper focuses on the problem of linear track keeping for marine surface vessels. The influence exerted by sea currents on the kinematic equation of ships is considered first. The input-to-state stability （ISS） theory used to verify the system is input-to-state stable. Combining the Nussbaum gain with backstepping techniques, a robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm is presented by employing fuzzy systems as an approximator for unknown nonlinearities in the system. It is proved that the proposed algorithm that guarantees all signals in the closed-loop system are ultimately bounded. Consequently, a ship＇s linear track-keeping control can be implemented. Simulation results using Dalian Maritime University＇s ocean-going training ship ＇YULONG＇ are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

考虑层流—湍流转捩的近水面AUV水动力流的数值研究（英文）

Nowadays, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs) are frequently used for exploring the oceans. The hydrodynamics of AUVs moving in the vicinity of the water surface are significantly different at higher depths. In this paper, the hydrodynamic coefficients of an AUV in non-dimensional depths of 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, and 4D are obtained for movement close to the free-surface. Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Equations(RANS) are discretized using the finite volume approach and the water-surface effects modeled using the Volume of Fraction(VOF) method. As the operating speeds of AUVs are usually low, the boundary layer over them is not fully laminar or fully turbulent, so the effect of boundary layer transition from laminar to turbulent flow was considered in the simulations. Two different turbulence/transition models were used: 1) a full-turbulence model, the k-ε model, and 2) a turbulence/transition model, Menter's Transition-SST model. The results show that the Menter's Transition-SST model has a better consistency with experimental results. In addition, the wave-making effects of these bodies are studied at different immersion depths in the sea-surface vicinity or at finite depths. It is observed that the relevant pitch moments and lift coefficients are non-zero for these axi-symmetric bodies when they move close to the sea-surface. This is not expected for greater depths.     

长波作用下与KC数相关的柔性植被对海岸结构物受力的影响(英文)

Extreme coastal events require careful prediction of wave forces.Recent tsunamis have resulted in extensive damage of coastal structures.Such scenarios are the result of the action of long waves on structures.In this paper,the efficiency of vegetation as a buffer system in attenuating the incident ocean waves was studied through a well controlled experimental program.The study focused on the measurement of forces resulting from cnoidal waves on a model building mounted over a slope in the presence and absence of vegetation.The vegetative parameters,along with the width of the green belt,its position from the reference line,the diameter of the individual stems as well as the spacing between them,and their rigidity are varied so as to obtain a holistic view of the wave-vegetation interaction problem.The effect of vegetation on variations of dimensional forces with a Keulegan-Carpenter number(KC) was discussed in this paper.It has been shown that when vegetal patches are present in front of structure,the forces could be limited to within F*￡1,by a percentile of 92%,90%,55%,and 96%,respectively for gap ratios of 0.0,0.5,1.0,and 1.5.The force is at its maximum for the gap ratio of 1.0 and beyond which the forces start to diminish.     

UUV外形和总体布局分析

The construction and shape of UUVs are described in the paper.UUV design is the shape of the overall design of unmanned underwater vehicle should first be resolved UUV underwater vehicle directly affects the shape of the resistance and noise,which is related to energy,payload,maneuverability and concealment UUV problem The main characteristic and parameter tables for foreign torpedo shape,flat shape and anomalous shape are also given in the paper.The general layout of typical foreign UUVs is analyzed in detail.And the total layout figure and interior constructive figure are introduced.Torpedo-type because of its good water power and low noise,no one has been the main form of underwater vehicle-like,and many designers are now highly favored because of its stable performance,anti-environmental interference capability.Other irregular shapes designed primarily for the completion of a specific task,according to the specific environment and mission requirements.According to comparing and summarizing,some suggestions and conclusions are presented.     

英文导读

<正> Dear readers: Recently Ministry of Communications has given a notice that all ports and harboursacross the country should quicken paces towards separating government administrationfrom enterprisees' management and strengthen management control as well. This provesanother administrative action taken by the Ministry of Communications in attempt to push